基于改进信息熵的江苏氵鬲湖水质分布规律研究
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摘要
为得出近年来江苏滆湖水质变化趋势,基于2008～2016年近9 a的长期水质实测资料,分析了不同水质指标的年际与年内变化趋势,并发出100份问卷,根据专家经验得到主观权重,根据信息熵理论得到客观权重,最终基于综合权重构建了新型水质综合评价模型,并对滆湖不同分区的水质进行了评价。结果表明:不同水质指标近9 a均呈总体降低趋势,在2008年之后出现显著降低,原因可能是由于近年治理措施取得了良好效果,但缓冲区水质指标普遍高于其余区域,最高高出了37.2%;不同水质指标年内变化呈先减小后增加的趋势,在11月至次年2月水质普遍较差;基于新型水质综合评价模型,分析了滆湖不同分区的水质类别,发现核心区与开发控制利用区属于Ⅲ类水,而缓冲区水质属于Ⅳ类水,水质较差,需及时制定相应措施改善缓冲区水质。研究得出的结论符合实际数据观测情况与当地实际情况,表明该模型具有一定的科学性和使用价值,可为当地水质治理措施的制定提供科学依据。
In order to get the trend of water quality change of Gehu Lake in Jiangsu Province in recent years and construct a new comprehensive water quality assessment model for the region, the inter-annual and annual variation trends of different water quality indicators were analyzed based on the long-term water quality data from 2008 to 2016. We issued 100 questionnaires and got the subjective weight based on the expert's experience and objective weight based on information entropy theory. According to the comprehensive weight, a new comprehensive water quality assessment model was built to assess the water quality in different zones of Gehu Lake. The result showed that: various water quality indicators in the 9 years all presented downward trend, especially a significant reduction after 2008, the possible reasons being the good management in recent years. The water quality indicators in buffer zone were generally higher than the rest of the lake and with 37.2% higher in maximum. The annual variation of different water quality indicators showed a trend of decreasing first and then increasing. The water quality was generally poorer from November to February. Based on the new model, the water quality of different zones was analyzed. The water in core zone and development and utilization control zone belonged to class Ⅲ and the water in buffer zone belonged to class Ⅳ. The measures were needed to be developed to improve the water quality. The analysis results are accordance with the observed data and the local practical condition, showing the model has scientific and practical value and can provide a scientific basis to assess the water quality of the region.
In order to get the trend of water quality change of Gehu Lake in Jiangsu Province in recent years and construct a new comprehensive water quality assessment model for the region, the inter-annual and annual variation trends of different water quality indicators were analyzed based on the long-term water quality data from 2008 to 2016. We issued 100 questionnaires and got the subjective weight based on the expert's experience and objective weight based on information entropy theory. According to the comprehensive weight, a new comprehensive water quality assessment model was built to assess the water quality in different zones of Gehu Lake. The result showed that: various water quality indicators in the 9 years all presented downward trend, especially a significant reduction after 2008, the possible reasons being the good management in recent years. The water quality indicators in buffer zone were generally higher than the rest of the lake and with 37.2% higher in maximum. The annual variation of different water quality indicators showed a trend of decreasing first and then increasing. The water quality was generally poorer from November to February. Based on the new model, the water quality of different zones was analyzed. The water in core zone and development and utilization control zone belonged to class Ⅲ and the water in buffer zone belonged to class Ⅳ. The measures were needed to be developed to improve the water quality. The analysis results are accordance with the observed data and the local practical condition, showing the model has scientific and practical value and can provide a scientific basis to assess the water quality of the region.
引文
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[12] 岳隽,王仰麟,李正国,等.河流水质时空变化及其受土地利用影响的研究—以深圳市主要河流为例[J].水科学进展,2006,17(3):359-364.
[13] 贾佩峤,胡忠军,武震,等.基于ecopath模型对滆湖生态系统结构与功能的定量分析[J].长江流域资源与环境,2013,22(2):189-197.
[14] 熊春晖,张瑞雷,吴晓东,等.滆湖表层沉积物营养盐和重金属分布及污染评价[J].环境科学,2016,37(3):925-934.
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[17] 刘潇,薛莹,纪毓鹏,等.基于主成分分析法的黄河口及其邻近水域水质评价[J].中国环境科学,2015,35(10):3187-3192.
[18] 张耀辉,郭瑞,胡蕊,等.基于层次分析法的地下水水质综合评价[J].兰州交通大学学报,2015,34(6):17-22.
[19] 赵文.常州市入湖河道水质变化趋势及成因分析[J].江苏水利,2011(6):38-40,42.
[20] 方晓波,骆林平,李松,等.钱塘江兰溪段地表水质季节变化特征及源解析[J].环境科学学报,2013,33(7):1980-1988.
[21] 李为,都雪,林明利,等.基于PCA和SOM网络的洪泽湖水质时空变化特征分析[J].长江流域资源与环境,2013,22(12):1593-1601.
[22] 孟宪萌,胡和平.基于熵权的集对分析模型在水质综合评价中的应用[J].水利学报,2009,40(3):257-262.
[2] Lau S S S,Lane S N.Biological and chemical factors-influencing shallow lake eutrophication: a long-term study[J].The Science of the Total Environment,2002(288):167-181.
[3] Zhou M,Shen Z,Yu R.Responses of a coastal phytoplankton community to increased nutrient input from the Changjiang(Yangtze) River[J].Continental Shelf Research,2008(28):1483-1489.
[4] 朱剑锋.淀浦河水体中氨氮、总氮和总磷污染变化趋势及相关性分析[J].北方环境,2013(6):155-159.
[5] 庞振凌,常红军,李玉英,等.层次分析法对南水北调中线水源区的水质评价[J].生态学报,2008,28(4):1810-1819.
[6] 杨渺,谢强,王维,等. 基于线性变换的水质综合评价方法[J].长江流域资源与环境,2015,24(1):156-161.
[7] 宋述军,周万村.沱江流域地表水水质的模糊综合评价[J].水土保持研究,2007,14(6):128-130,134.
[8] 徐晨光,艾尼瓦尔·艾买提,杜青辉.基于SPA和信息熵的可变模糊集水质评价方法[J].人民黄河,2013,35(6):56-58.
[9] 卢文喜,李迪,张蕾,等.基于层次分析法的模糊综合评价在水质评价中的应用[J].节水灌溉,2011,(3):43-46.
[10] 华呈平.浙江省长潭水库高锰酸盐指数季节变化特征研究[J].安徽农学通报,2012,18(23):125-126.
[11] 李荣昉,张颖.鄱阳湖水质时空变化及其影响因素分析[J].水资源保护,2011,27(6):9-13,18.
[12] 岳隽,王仰麟,李正国,等.河流水质时空变化及其受土地利用影响的研究—以深圳市主要河流为例[J].水科学进展,2006,17(3):359-364.
[13] 贾佩峤,胡忠军,武震,等.基于ecopath模型对滆湖生态系统结构与功能的定量分析[J].长江流域资源与环境,2013,22(2):189-197.
[14] 熊春晖,张瑞雷,吴晓东,等.滆湖表层沉积物营养盐和重金属分布及污染评价[J].环境科学,2016,37(3):925-934.
[15] 李爱权,宋晓兰.滆湖富营养化进程及其综合整治对策研究[J].环境科学与管理,2013,38(8):85-87,92.
[16] 汤瑞凉,王笑.农作物品种综合评判的熵权系数法研究[J].资源开发与市场,2002,18(5):3-5.
[17] 刘潇,薛莹,纪毓鹏,等.基于主成分分析法的黄河口及其邻近水域水质评价[J].中国环境科学,2015,35(10):3187-3192.
[18] 张耀辉,郭瑞,胡蕊,等.基于层次分析法的地下水水质综合评价[J].兰州交通大学学报,2015,34(6):17-22.
[19] 赵文.常州市入湖河道水质变化趋势及成因分析[J].江苏水利,2011(6):38-40,42.
[20] 方晓波,骆林平,李松,等.钱塘江兰溪段地表水质季节变化特征及源解析[J].环境科学学报,2013,33(7):1980-1988.
[21] 李为,都雪,林明利,等.基于PCA和SOM网络的洪泽湖水质时空变化特征分析[J].长江流域资源与环境,2013,22(12):1593-1601.
[22] 孟宪萌,胡和平.基于熵权的集对分析模型在水质综合评价中的应用[J].水利学报,2009,40(3):257-262.