一种基于自适应线性神经网络算法的永磁同步电机电流谐波提取和抑制方法
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摘要
永磁同步电机通常采用正弦波进行驱动和控制,由于气隙磁场的畸变和电压型逆变器的死区效应等因素的存在,使永磁同步电机电流波形含有大量的谐波而发生畸变,特别是在电机低速运行时更为严重。为了进一步提高永磁同步电机的电流控制性能,抑制电流谐波,本文在传统矢量控制算法基础上,增加神经网络谐波电流环,通过自适应线性神经网络(ADALINE)算法实现对主要电流谐波的分解和提取,将所提取的电流谐波经过神经网络训练获得补偿电压值进行谐波注入,实现电流谐波的检测和抑制。通过仿真和实验结果证明,本文提出的控制策略可以有效提取并抑制电流谐波,降低电机转矩脉动。
Permanent magnet synchronous motors(PMSM) are usually driven by voltage-source inverters(VSI). The distortion of air-gap magnetic field and the dead time of voltage-source inverters cause the current waveform distortion with a large number of harmonics, especially when the motor runs at low speed. In order to improve the current performance for PMSM and suppress the current harmonics, the neural network harmonic current loop is added in this paper. The ADALINE method is utilized for the decomposition and extraction of the main harmonic currents, and the extracted current harmonics are trained to obtain the compensated voltage. By means of voltage harmonic injection, both detection and suppression of the specified current harmonic waves are achieved. The simulation and experimental results show that the proposed control strategy can effectively suppress the current harmonics, compensate current harmonic distortion and reduce the motor torque ripple.
Permanent magnet synchronous motors(PMSM) are usually driven by voltage-source inverters(VSI). The distortion of air-gap magnetic field and the dead time of voltage-source inverters cause the current waveform distortion with a large number of harmonics, especially when the motor runs at low speed. In order to improve the current performance for PMSM and suppress the current harmonics, the neural network harmonic current loop is added in this paper. The ADALINE method is utilized for the decomposition and extraction of the main harmonic currents, and the extracted current harmonics are trained to obtain the compensated voltage. By means of voltage harmonic injection, both detection and suppression of the specified current harmonic waves are achieved. The simulation and experimental results show that the proposed control strategy can effectively suppress the current harmonics, compensate current harmonic distortion and reduce the motor torque ripple.
引文
[1]王硕,康劲松,钟再敏,等.电动汽车用永磁同步电机转矩脉动抑制方法综述[J].电源学报,2016,14(5):24-32.Wang Shuo,Kang Jinsong,Zhong Zaimin,et al.Overviews of torque ripple suppression method with permanent magnet synchronous motor used in electric vehicles[J].Journal of Power Supply,2016,14(5):24-32.
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[12]廖勇,甄帅,刘刃,等.用谐波注入抑制永磁同步电机转矩脉动[J].中国电机工程学报,2011,31(21):119-127.Liao Yong,Zhen Shuai,Liu Ren,et al.Torque ripple suppression of permanent magnet synchronous motor by the harmonic injection[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2011,31(21):119-127.
[13]钟再敏,江尚,康劲松,等.永磁同步电机谐波电压与电流的耦合模型及前馈控制[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(18):131-142.Zhong Zaimin,Jiang Shang,Kang Jinsong,et al.Aharmonic voltage and current coupling permanent magnet synchronous motor model and feedforward control[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(18):131-142.
[14]张海洋,许海平,方程,等.基于比例积分-准谐振控制器的直驱式永磁同步电机转矩脉动抑制方法[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(19):41-51.Zhang Haiyang,Xu Haiping,Fang Cheng,et al.Torque ripple suppression method of direct-drive permanent magnet synchronous motor based on proportional-integral and quasi resonant controller[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(19):41-51.
[15]曾恒力,年珩,周义杰.基于比例谐振控制的共直流母线开绕组永磁同步电机零序电流抑制技术[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(22):35-44.Zeng Hengli,Nian Heng,Zhou Yijie.Zero sequence current suppression for open winding permanent magnet synchronous motor with common DC bus based on proportional-resonant controller[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(22):35-44.
[16]Liu Kan,Zhu Z Q.Online estimation of the rotor flux linkage and voltage-source inverter nonlinearity in permanent magnet synchronous machine drives[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2014,29(1):418-427.
[17]Qiu Tengfei,Wen Xuhui,Zhao Feng.Adaptivelinear-neuron-based dead-time effects compensation scheme for PMSM drives[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2016,31(3):2530-2538.
[18]Hwang S H,Kim J M.Dead time compensation method for voltage-fed PWM inverter[J].IEEETransactions on Energy Conversion,2010,25(1):1-10.
[19]Meher P K,Valls J,Juang T B,et al.50 years of CORDIC:Algorithms,architectures,and applications[J].IEEE Transactions on Circuits System I,2009,56(9):1893-1907.
[2]郑江,代颖,石坚.车用永磁同步电机的电磁噪声特性[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(增刊1):53-59.Zheng Jiang,Dai Ying,Shi Jian.Electromagnetic noise characteristics of permanent magnet synchronous motor applied in electric vehicle[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(S1):53-59.
[3]Lai C,Feng G,Mukherjee K,et al.Investigations of the influence of PMSM parameter variations in optimal stator current design for torque ripple minimization[J].IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,2017,32(3):1052-1062.
[4]丁有爽,肖曦.基于负载位置反馈的永磁同步电机驱动柔性负载谐振抑制方法[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(11):96-110.Ding Youshuang,Xiao Xi.Resonance suppression method based on load position feedback for flexible load driven by PMSM[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(11):96-110.
[5]李红梅,候书寒,姚宏洋.基于纹波电流计算的面装式永磁同步电机驱动系统逆变器死区补偿[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(增刊2):34-41.Li Hongmei,Hou Shuhan,Yao Hongyang.The inverter dead-time compensation of surface mounted permanent magnet synchronous motor drive system based on ripple current calculation[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(S2):34-41.
[6]陈斌,王婷,吕征宇,等.电压型逆变器非线性的分析及补偿[J].电工技术学报,2014,29(6):24-30.Chen Bin,Wang Ting,LüZhengyu,et al.The analysis and compensation of voltage source inverter nonlinearity[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2014,29(6):24-30.
[7]Zhang Zhendong,Xu Longya.Dead-time compensation of inverters considering snubber and parasitic capacitance[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2014,29(6):3179-3187.
[8]Park Y,Sul S K.Implementation schemes to compensate for inverter nonlinearity based on trapezoidal voltage[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,2014,50(2):1066-1073.
[9]梁文毅,陆天雄,张翔.基于分段斜槽技术的电机斜槽特性分析[J].电工技术学报,2011,26(11):135-140.Liang Wenyi,Lu Tianxiong,Zhang Xiang.Current harmonic suppression in the flux-weakening control of surface permanent magnet synchronous motors using resonant controllers[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2011,26(11):135-140.
[10]Islam R,Husain I,Fardoun A,et al.Permanentmagnet synchronous motor magnet designs with skewing for torque ripple and cogging torque reduction[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,2009,45(1):152-160.
[11]杨浩东,陈阳生.分数槽永磁同步电机电磁振动的分析与抑制[J].中国电机工程学报,2011,31(24):83-89.Yang Haodong,Chen Yangsheng.Study of a dead-time compensation method for PMSM drive based on voltags space vector control[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2011,31(24):83-89.
[12]廖勇,甄帅,刘刃,等.用谐波注入抑制永磁同步电机转矩脉动[J].中国电机工程学报,2011,31(21):119-127.Liao Yong,Zhen Shuai,Liu Ren,et al.Torque ripple suppression of permanent magnet synchronous motor by the harmonic injection[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2011,31(21):119-127.
[13]钟再敏,江尚,康劲松,等.永磁同步电机谐波电压与电流的耦合模型及前馈控制[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(18):131-142.Zhong Zaimin,Jiang Shang,Kang Jinsong,et al.Aharmonic voltage and current coupling permanent magnet synchronous motor model and feedforward control[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(18):131-142.
[14]张海洋,许海平,方程,等.基于比例积分-准谐振控制器的直驱式永磁同步电机转矩脉动抑制方法[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(19):41-51.Zhang Haiyang,Xu Haiping,Fang Cheng,et al.Torque ripple suppression method of direct-drive permanent magnet synchronous motor based on proportional-integral and quasi resonant controller[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(19):41-51.
[15]曾恒力,年珩,周义杰.基于比例谐振控制的共直流母线开绕组永磁同步电机零序电流抑制技术[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(22):35-44.Zeng Hengli,Nian Heng,Zhou Yijie.Zero sequence current suppression for open winding permanent magnet synchronous motor with common DC bus based on proportional-resonant controller[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(22):35-44.
[16]Liu Kan,Zhu Z Q.Online estimation of the rotor flux linkage and voltage-source inverter nonlinearity in permanent magnet synchronous machine drives[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2014,29(1):418-427.
[17]Qiu Tengfei,Wen Xuhui,Zhao Feng.Adaptivelinear-neuron-based dead-time effects compensation scheme for PMSM drives[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2016,31(3):2530-2538.
[18]Hwang S H,Kim J M.Dead time compensation method for voltage-fed PWM inverter[J].IEEETransactions on Energy Conversion,2010,25(1):1-10.
[19]Meher P K,Valls J,Juang T B,et al.50 years of CORDIC:Algorithms,architectures,and applications[J].IEEE Transactions on Circuits System I,2009,56(9):1893-1907.