导管室护士化疗职业防护现状调查
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摘要
目的调查部分医院导管室护士化疗职业防护现状。方法 2017年7月,便利抽样法选取全国20余所医院的446名导管室护士为研究对象。采用自行设计问卷对其进行化疗职业防护现状的调查。结果三级甲等医院的护士占79.37%,78.25%的护士具有本科以上学历。47.76%的护士护龄≥21年,45.29%的护士接触化疗药物仅1～5年。在职业防护知识的认知上,除"规范的化疗药物防护可减少对护士身体的伤害"外的完全知晓率为60.54%外,其他知识的完全知晓率均较低。护士对硬件防护的重视程度较高,尤其是对于防护用品及生物安全柜的赞同率,高达93.94%和84.08%。护士的职业防护行为一般,仅有少数护士(8.30%～14.57%)会坚持配戴护目镜、穿防水防护衣,坚持在生物安全柜中配药、坚持在静脉药物配置中心进行集中配药。结论导管室护士对化疗药物知识熟悉程度不足;对化疗药物防护态度认真且积极,但防护行为的实际实施率不高。医院应加强培训、安装必要的防护装备、改善导管室护士的工作环境,从而保障导管室护士的职业健康。
Objective To investigate the status of occupational prevention of chemotherapy for nurses in the catheterization room in China.Methods By convenience sampling method,446 nurses from 20 hospitals in China were selected.A self-designed questionnaire was used to investigate the occupational protection of chemotherapeutic drugs.Results Nurses in tertiary hospitals accounted for 79.37%,and 78.25% of nurses had bachelor's degree or above. About 47.76% of nurses had worked for more than 21 years, but 45.29% of nurses had only been exposed to chemotherapeutic drugs for 1 to 5 years. In terms of occupational protection knowledge, except the "standardized chemotherapeutic drug protection can reduce the harm to nurses' body"(the awareness rate was 60.54%), the complete awareness rate of other knowledge was low. Nurses took high attention to hardware protection, especially for protective equipment and biosafety cabinet, which reached 93.94% and 84.08%.Nurses' occupational protection behavior was at a general level, only a few nurses(8.30% to 14.57%) would insist on wearing goggles and waterproof protective clothing, dispensing drugs in biosafety cabinets and dispensing drugs in the drug dispensing center. Conclusions The nurses in the catheterization room are not familiar with the knowledge of chemotherapeutic drugs. Nurses have a positive attitude towards the protection of chemotherapeutic drugs,but the actual implementation rate of the protection behavior is not high.Hospitals should strengthen training,install necessary protective equipment,improve the working environment of nurses in the catheterization room,and ensure the professional health of nurses in the catheterization room.
Objective To investigate the status of occupational prevention of chemotherapy for nurses in the catheterization room in China.Methods By convenience sampling method,446 nurses from 20 hospitals in China were selected.A self-designed questionnaire was used to investigate the occupational protection of chemotherapeutic drugs.Results Nurses in tertiary hospitals accounted for 79.37%,and 78.25% of nurses had bachelor's degree or above. About 47.76% of nurses had worked for more than 21 years, but 45.29% of nurses had only been exposed to chemotherapeutic drugs for 1 to 5 years. In terms of occupational protection knowledge, except the "standardized chemotherapeutic drug protection can reduce the harm to nurses' body"(the awareness rate was 60.54%), the complete awareness rate of other knowledge was low. Nurses took high attention to hardware protection, especially for protective equipment and biosafety cabinet, which reached 93.94% and 84.08%.Nurses' occupational protection behavior was at a general level, only a few nurses(8.30% to 14.57%) would insist on wearing goggles and waterproof protective clothing, dispensing drugs in biosafety cabinets and dispensing drugs in the drug dispensing center. Conclusions The nurses in the catheterization room are not familiar with the knowledge of chemotherapeutic drugs. Nurses have a positive attitude towards the protection of chemotherapeutic drugs,but the actual implementation rate of the protection behavior is not high.Hospitals should strengthen training,install necessary protective equipment,improve the working environment of nurses in the catheterization room,and ensure the professional health of nurses in the catheterization room.
引文
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[2] 毛燕君,许秀芳,李海燕.介入治疗护理学[M]. 2版.北京:人民军医出社,2013:312.
[3] 吴静,张翠萍等.护士在配制化疗药物时职业防护情况调查[J].全科护理杂志,2012,10 (2):555-556.
[4] 李玉玲.化疗药物对肿瘤科护士的职业危害与防护[J].解放军护理杂志,2013,30(14):46-48.
[5] 陈霞.化疗药物对临床护士的危害与职业教育[J].护理实践与研究,2012,9(20):115-116.