精神障碍患者非自愿住院程序问题研究
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摘要
我国立法与实践中在精神障碍患者非自愿住院程序方面存在诸多问题,包括精神障碍诊断的主观性与滥用问题、"危险性"诊断标准较为抽象与缺乏"可治疗性"诊断标准、非自愿住院的决定主体不适格问题。这些问题严重损害了精神障碍患者的合法权益。针对上述问题,应当对"危险性"标准进行界定,确立合理的标准;增加"可治疗性"要件作为非自愿住院诊断标准,以实现治疗精神障碍的根本目的;建立针对非自愿住院治疗的司法审查或独立第三方机构审查模式,防止精神障碍诊断的滥用,确保公平和程序正义。
There are many problems in the involuntary hospitalization procedure of mental disorder patients in our legislation and practice, which includes the subjectivity and abuse of the diagnosis of mental disorders, the abstraction of the diagnostic criteria of " dangerous" and the lack of diagnostic criteria of "therapeutic", and the unqualified decision-maker of involuntary hospitalization. These problems have seriously damaged the legitimate rights and interests of patients with mental disorders. In response to the above problems, the "dangerous" criteria should be defined to establish reasonable standards; the "therapeutic" requirements should be added as the involuntary inpatient diagnostic criteria to achieve the fundamental purpose of treating mental disorders; a judicial review or independent third-party review model for involuntary hospitalization should be established to prevent the abuse of mental disorder diagnosis and ensure fairness and procedural justice.
There are many problems in the involuntary hospitalization procedure of mental disorder patients in our legislation and practice, which includes the subjectivity and abuse of the diagnosis of mental disorders, the abstraction of the diagnostic criteria of " dangerous" and the lack of diagnostic criteria of "therapeutic", and the unqualified decision-maker of involuntary hospitalization. These problems have seriously damaged the legitimate rights and interests of patients with mental disorders. In response to the above problems, the "dangerous" criteria should be defined to establish reasonable standards; the "therapeutic" requirements should be added as the involuntary inpatient diagnostic criteria to achieve the fundamental purpose of treating mental disorders; a judicial review or independent third-party review model for involuntary hospitalization should be established to prevent the abuse of mental disorder diagnosis and ensure fairness and procedural justice.
引文
[1] 张赫.全国2.5亿精神病,“家家都有精神病人”的日子还远吗[EB/OL].(2018-07-12)[2018-11-25].http://www.sohu.com/a/240763056_607151.
[2] 李建明.精神病学[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2011:5.
[3] 孟强.《民法总则》中的成年监护制度[J].中国人民大学学报,2017(4):22-30.
[4] 郝伟,于欣,许毅,等.精神病学[M].7版.北京:人民卫生出版社,2013:11.
[5] 顾加栋.论精神障碍病患非自愿治疗特别限制原则[J].中国卫生事业管理,2012(10):762-764.
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[7] 戴庆康,葛菊莲,袁帅,等.人权视野下的中国精神卫生立法问题研究[M].南京:东南大学出版社,2016.
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[9] 时延安.中美精神病人强制医疗制度之比较[J].法学评论,2009(4):113-118.
[10] 王岳.精神卫生法律问题研究[M].北京:中国检察出版社,2014:277.
[2] 李建明.精神病学[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2011:5.
[3] 孟强.《民法总则》中的成年监护制度[J].中国人民大学学报,2017(4):22-30.
[4] 郝伟,于欣,许毅,等.精神病学[M].7版.北京:人民卫生出版社,2013:11.
[5] 顾加栋.论精神障碍病患非自愿治疗特别限制原则[J].中国卫生事业管理,2012(10):762-764.
[6] 尹辉,陈红艳,刘正旭,等.钟南山建议:界定精神病人应完全独立[EB/OL].(2011-03-11)[2018-11-25].http://news.sohu.com/20110311/n279761876.shtml.
[7] 戴庆康,葛菊莲,袁帅,等.人权视野下的中国精神卫生立法问题研究[M].南京:东南大学出版社,2016.
[8] 余亚莲.网友追问武汉警方六疑嫌律师无偿代理徐武案[EB/OL].(2011-05-02)[2018-12-01].http://news.sohu.com/20110502/n306714909.shtml.
[9] 时延安.中美精神病人强制医疗制度之比较[J].法学评论,2009(4):113-118.
[10] 王岳.精神卫生法律问题研究[M].北京:中国检察出版社,2014:277.