广西百朗地下河大石围天坑段金属元素沉积记录
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摘要
研究测定了百朗地下河大石围天坑段沉积柱芯中金属元素和沉积有机质(SOM)浓度,结合~(210)Pb定年和历史事件记载,恢复了1932-2007年间百朗地下河流域的污染历史。研究结果表明,地下河沉积柱中主要有毒重金属Cd、Hg分别超过广西土壤背景值3.4和0.6倍,超过中国土壤背景值11.2和2.7倍;1932年至2007年间;总体上沉积柱中各重金属元素的垂直分布趋势相似,呈现不同程度的上升趋势;并推演了历史上农民运动、抗日战争、大跃进、改革开放初期和经济快速发展期等事件是造成百朗地下河流域金属元素变化的主要原因;尤其是沉积柱中钙与镁的垂直变化显示了1983年以来流域岩溶石山地区进入一个新的建设高潮。相关性分析和聚类分析表明,Cr、Pb主要来源于自然环境;Fe、Cu、Ni、Zn、As、MgO来源为自然和人为混合源;Cd、Hg、Mn、CaO和SOM主要来源于人为污染源;与多环芳烃相关性分析显示Zn、Cd和As部分来源为人为的燃煤污染。因此沉积柱较好地记录了百朗地下河流域重金属污染历史。
In this work,the concentration of metal elements and sediment organic matter(SOM)in sediment cores of the Dashiwei sinkhole section from the Bailang underground river has been studied,and the pollution history of the river basin from 1932 to 2007 has been reconstructed by combining the ~(210)Pb dating and historical records.The results show that concentrations of main toxic heavy metals Cd and Hg in the sediment cores are high,which are 3.4 and 0.6 times than the soil background values of Guangxi,respectively,even more than 11.2 and 2.7 times of the soil background value throughout China,respectively.On the whole,the distributions of heavy metal elements have a similar increase tendency in the sediment cores.The vertical distribution of metal elements in the sediment cores shows that metal element pollution in the underground river were associated with many events in history,such as peasant movement,the war of Anti-Japanese,Great Leap Forward age,the early stage of reform and opening up,and the rapid development of economy.Especially,the vertical variation of Ca and Mg in the sediment core records indicates that a new construction climax has begun in this karst mountain area since 1983.Correlation and clustering analyses show that,(1)Cr and Pb came mainly from natural environment,(2)Cu,Ni,Zn,As and MgO originated from natural environment and artificial sources,(3)Cd,Hg,Mn,CaO and SOM stemmed from artificial pollution sources.Correlation analysis with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons suggests that part of Zn,Cd and As came from coal combustion.In a nutshell,metal elements in the sediment cores better recorded pollution history of the Bailang underground river.
In this work,the concentration of metal elements and sediment organic matter(SOM)in sediment cores of the Dashiwei sinkhole section from the Bailang underground river has been studied,and the pollution history of the river basin from 1932 to 2007 has been reconstructed by combining the ~(210)Pb dating and historical records.The results show that concentrations of main toxic heavy metals Cd and Hg in the sediment cores are high,which are 3.4 and 0.6 times than the soil background values of Guangxi,respectively,even more than 11.2 and 2.7 times of the soil background value throughout China,respectively.On the whole,the distributions of heavy metal elements have a similar increase tendency in the sediment cores.The vertical distribution of metal elements in the sediment cores shows that metal element pollution in the underground river were associated with many events in history,such as peasant movement,the war of Anti-Japanese,Great Leap Forward age,the early stage of reform and opening up,and the rapid development of economy.Especially,the vertical variation of Ca and Mg in the sediment core records indicates that a new construction climax has begun in this karst mountain area since 1983.Correlation and clustering analyses show that,(1)Cr and Pb came mainly from natural environment,(2)Cu,Ni,Zn,As and MgO originated from natural environment and artificial sources,(3)Cd,Hg,Mn,CaO and SOM stemmed from artificial pollution sources.Correlation analysis with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons suggests that part of Zn,Cd and As came from coal combustion.In a nutshell,metal elements in the sediment cores better recorded pollution history of the Bailang underground river.
引文
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[20]Bilali L E,Rasmussen P E,Hall GEM,et al.Role of sediment composition in trace metal distribution in lake sediments[J].Applied Geochemistry,2002,17(9):1171-1181.
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[22]李庆召,李国新,罗专溪,等.厦门湾海域表层沉积物重金属和多环芳烃污染特征及生态风险评价[J].环境化学,2009,28(6):869-875.
[2]Buckley D E,Smith J N,Winters G V.Accumulation of contaminant metal in marine sediments of Halifax Harbour,Nova Scotia:environmental factors and historical trends[J].Applied Geochemistry,1995,10(94):175-195.
[3]Buckley D E,Winters G V.Geochemical characteristics of contaminated surficial sediments in Halifax Harbour:impact of waste discharge[J].Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences,1992,29(12):2617-2639.
[4]邹天森,康文婷,张金良,等.我国主要城市大气重金属的污染水平及分布特征[J].环境科学研究,2015,28(7):1053-1061.
[5]陈敬安,万国江,黄荣贵.洱海沉积物重金属地球化学相及其污染历史研究[J].地质地球化学,1998,26(2):1-8.
[6]Li Xiang-dong,W H Wai,Li Y S.Heavy metal distribution in sediment profiles of the Pearl River estuary,South China[J].Applied Geochemistry,2000,15(5):567-581.
[7]朱学稳,黄保健,朱德浩,等.广西乐业大石围天坑群发现探测定义与研究[M].南宁:广西科学技术出版社,2003,1-17.
[8]Delgado J,Barba-Brioso C,Nieto J M,et al.Speciation and ecological risk of toxic elements in estuarine sediments affected by multiple anthropogenic contributions(Guadiana saltmarshes,SW Iberrian Peninsula):Surficial sediments[J].Science of the Total Environment,2011,409,(19):3666-3679.
[9]Santschi P H,Presley B J,Wade T L,et al.History contamination of PAHs,PCBs,DDTs,and heavy metals in Mississippi River Delta,Galveston Bay and Tampa Bay Sediment cores[J].Marine Environmental Research,2001,52(1):51-79.
[10]马玉,李团结,高全洲,等.珠江口沉积物重金属背景值及其污染研究[J].环境科学学报,2014,34(3):712-719.
[11]于瑞莲,胡恭任,郑志敏.泉州湾洛阳江河口潮间带沉积物中重金属来源分析[J].矿物学报,2013,33(1):10-18.
[12]李仁英,杨浩,王丽,等.滇池沉积物中重金属的形态分布特征[J].土壤,2008,40(2):264-268.
[13]王国平,刘景双,高峰.向海湿地沉积芯重金属对流域环境污染示踪[J].地理科学,2001,21(6):549-553.
[14]罗文艺,靳孟贵,何巧林,等.黄河河南段河漫滩沉积柱重金属元素分布规律[J].人民黄河,2008,30(9):53-54,57.
[15]乐业县志编纂委员会.乐业县志[M].南宁:广西人民出版社,2002.
[16]Kong Xiang-sheng,Luan Ri-jian,MiaoYing,et al.Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sediment cores from the Dashiwei Tiankeng reach in the Bailang underground river,South China[J]Environmental Earth Sciences,2015,73(9):5535-5543.
[17]国家环境保护局等.中国土壤元素背景值[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,1990,87,330-378,494-496.
[18]Li Q S,Wu Z F,Chu B,et al.Heavy metals in coastal wetland sediments of the Pearl River Estuary,China[J].Environmental Pollution,2007,149(2):158-164.
[19]宋照亮.喀斯特流域风化成土作用及其矿质元素行为与环境质量[D].中国科学院研究生院,2006,47-57.
[20]Bilali L E,Rasmussen P E,Hall GEM,et al.Role of sediment composition in trace metal distribution in lake sediments[J].Applied Geochemistry,2002,17(9):1171-1181.
[21]Rasmussen P E,Villard D J,Gardner H D,et al.Mercury in lake sediments of the Precambrian Shield near Huntsville,Ontario,Canada[J].Environmental Geology,1998,33(2-3):170-181.
[22]李庆召,李国新,罗专溪,等.厦门湾海域表层沉积物重金属和多环芳烃污染特征及生态风险评价[J].环境化学,2009,28(6):869-875.