基于“环境-成分-药性”关系解析西南区中药材分布特点
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摘要
目的:探究西南中药区中药药性随三向地带性变化的规律,为西南区中药材的栽培生产提供参考。方法:以西南中药区及区内的主要代表药材为研究对象,运用统计学方法,从"环境-成分-药性"关系出发,分析中药药性的变化规律。结果:西南区内的药材以温性、寒性为主,占比分别为45.53%、34.96%,以苦味药占比最大(35.86%),辛味、甘味药次之(30.30%、25.76%),归肝、肺、胃、脾经者较多,占比分别为21.81%、17.78%、15.44%、13.42%。区内归大肠经的中药占比呈现随海拔升高而增大的趋势,归肺经的中药占比呈现随经度增大而减小的趋势。西南区药材的有效物质多以苷类化合物、挥发油类化合物为主。结论:西南中药区的中药药性及药效成分具有随三向地带性变化的特征;境-成分-药性"传递关系的解析,有利于更好地认识中药材的道地性形成及分布特点。
Objective: To study the regularity of drug property of Chinese materia medica in southwestern Chinese medicine area along three-dimentionalzonation changes, and to provide reference for the cultivation and production of Chinese medicinal materials in the southwestern region. Methods: Taking the southwestern Chinese medicine area and the main representative medicinal materials among it as the research objects, using the statistical methods to analyze the changes of the drug properties of TCM based on the "environment-ingredient-medicinal properties" relationship. Results: Accounting for 45.53% and 34.96%, the medicinal materials in the southwestern region were mainly warm and cold. Bitter taste herbs held the largest proportion(35.86%), followed by pungent category accounted for 30.30%, and sweet category accounted for 25.76%. Chinese materia medica in South-west China act more on the liver channels, lung channels, stomach channels and spleen channels, accounting for 21.81%, 17.78%, 15.44% and 13.42%. The proportion of Chinese materia medica acting on the large intestine channels increases with the increase of elevation, while the proportion of which acting on the lung channels decreases along the increase of longitude in the area. Most of the main effective substances in the southwestern Chinese materia medica are glycosides and volatile oils. Conclusion: The drug property and pharmacodynamic components of traditional Chinese medicine in South-west China change along three-dimentionalzonation. The analysis of the "environment-ingredient-medicinal properties" transmission relationship is beneficial to our understanding of the formation and distribution of the geo-herbalism of TCM.
Objective: To study the regularity of drug property of Chinese materia medica in southwestern Chinese medicine area along three-dimentionalzonation changes, and to provide reference for the cultivation and production of Chinese medicinal materials in the southwestern region. Methods: Taking the southwestern Chinese medicine area and the main representative medicinal materials among it as the research objects, using the statistical methods to analyze the changes of the drug properties of TCM based on the "environment-ingredient-medicinal properties" relationship. Results: Accounting for 45.53% and 34.96%, the medicinal materials in the southwestern region were mainly warm and cold. Bitter taste herbs held the largest proportion(35.86%), followed by pungent category accounted for 30.30%, and sweet category accounted for 25.76%. Chinese materia medica in South-west China act more on the liver channels, lung channels, stomach channels and spleen channels, accounting for 21.81%, 17.78%, 15.44% and 13.42%. The proportion of Chinese materia medica acting on the large intestine channels increases with the increase of elevation, while the proportion of which acting on the lung channels decreases along the increase of longitude in the area. Most of the main effective substances in the southwestern Chinese materia medica are glycosides and volatile oils. Conclusion: The drug property and pharmacodynamic components of traditional Chinese medicine in South-west China change along three-dimentionalzonation. The analysis of the "environment-ingredient-medicinal properties" transmission relationship is beneficial to our understanding of the formation and distribution of the geo-herbalism of TCM.
引文
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[2]徐云,何景峰.西南地区中药产业发展[J].山地学报,2004,22(1):92-97.
[3]郭兰萍,张燕,朱寿东,等.中药材规范化生产(GAP)10年:成果、问题与建议[J].中国中药杂志,2014,39(7):1143-1151.
[4]赵永堂.加强道地药材GAP基地建设是提高中药材质量的有效途径[J].中医药管理杂志,2017,25(20):15-17.
[5]唐仕欢,杨洪军,黄璐琦.论自然环境因子变化对中药药性形成的影响[J].中国中药杂志,2010,35(1):126-128.
[6]辛宁,刘莉丽,银胜高,等.中药药性与有效化学成分、生态因子的关联性研究[J].中药材,2011,34(2):324-326.
[7]唐仕欢,杨洪军,黄璐琦.论中药药性的概念、形成及其意义[J].中医杂志,2010,51(4):293-296.
[8]石磊,张承程,明孟碟,等.基于GIS的全国厚朴质量适宜性研究[J].中药材,2015,38(4):706-710.
[9]郭宝林,吴勐,斯金平,等.厚朴道地性的遗传学证据[J].药学实践杂志,2000,18(5):314-316.
[10]赵中振,胡梅,唐晓军.不同树龄三种厚朴中厚朴酚与和厚朴酚含量的研究[J].中国中药杂志,1992,17(1):15-18,63.
[11]朱志明,赖潇潇,苏慕霞.不同产地黄柏及关黄柏有效成分的含量测定[J].临床医学工程,2011,18(1):106-108.
[12]王欢,李振丰,陈君,等.浙麦冬传统产地生态特征及适宜性分析[J].河南农业科学,2016,45(6):89-95.
[13]孙红祥,曾宪武,庄金山.麦冬类药材质量的综合评价[J].中药材,2001,24(5):313-315.
[14]童菊华,王玉霞,孙虹,等.基于代谢组学技术的杭麦冬和川麦冬药效差异性研究[J].药学学报,2014,49(10):1451-1456.
[15]王玉霞,孙虹,王威,等.杭麦冬与川麦冬对大鼠生化指标的影响及道地性探讨[J].现代中药研究与实践,2014,28(2):33-36.
[15]孙红祥,曾宪武,庄金山.麦冬类药材质量的综合评价[J].中药材,2001,24(5):313-315.
[16]阎博华,丰芬,邵明义,等.川贝母基源本草考证[J].中医研究,2010,23(3):69-71.
[17]刘军,谢锦桃,吴忠.贝母总生物碱及微量元素的研究[J].广东微量元素科学,1995,2(9):63-66.
[18]武芸,丁莉,周吉源.五鹤续断的研究概况与开发前景[J].湖北民族学院学报(医学版),2004,21(4):31-33.
[19]张万福.湖北“五鹤续断”的地道历史考证及开发前景[J].湖北民族学院学报(医学版),2002,19(3):24-26.
[20]刘华宝.道地药材川续断的产地考[J].攀枝花学院学报(综合版),2005,22(6):118-119.
[21]卫莹芳,刘永,谢达温,等.不同产地续断的质量比较[J].华西药学杂志,2010,25(2):173-174
[22]刘珊,邵东清,贾云峰.光照对麻黄生长发育及生物碱产量的影响[J].中药材,1999,22(5):221-222.