黄芪种子萌发对光温条件和旱盐胁迫的响应特征
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摘要
以膜荚黄芪Astragalus membranaceus种子为材料,设置光照(连续光照、光照12 h/黑暗12 h交替、连续黑暗)和温度(15℃恒温、15℃12 h/30℃12 h交替和30℃恒温)处理分别与等渗的PEG和Na Cl(0,-0. 1,-0. 3,-0. 5,-0. 7 MPa)溶液进行交互实验。结果显示:①在光温2因素处理中,高温抑制最终发芽率且高温下的连续光照也成为最终发芽率的限制因素,光照模式不能影响平均发芽时间,黑暗和低温有利于根系伸长生长,光照和高温有利于叶片生长,黑暗和高温有利于胚轴生长。②光温处理结合PEG和NaCl胁迫条件下,轻微的渗透胁迫能促进种子萌发,但是随着渗透胁迫的加剧,种子萌发和生长所受到的抑制逐渐加强;在等渗条件下,PEG比Na Cl对最终发芽率和平均发芽时间的影响要剧烈。结果表明,黄芪种子可能随着温度的升高由光中性型转变为厌光型或者在干旱和连续光照交互作用下降低萌发率也是一种避旱的适应策略。黄芪胚轴在全黑暗处理中加速生长的现象也符合植物在光照不足时增加对茎和株高的分配投入以便获取更多光照的生态特性。Na~+引起的种内水势降低从而促进吸水,或许可以解释高浓度NaCl处理下种子发育略优于高浓度PEG处理的现象。
We studied the seed germination of Astragalus membranaceus under PEG and Na Cl osmotic stress gradients( 0,-0. 1,-0. 3,-0. 5,-0. 7 MPa) respectively applied with light( continuous light,light 12 h/dark 12 h circulation and continuous dark) and temperature( constant 15 ℃,15 ℃ 12 h/30 ℃ 12 h circulation and constant 30 ℃) treatments. The results showed as following: ① Under the light and temperature interactive treatments,total germination percentage( TGP) was restrained by high temperature and continuous light also decreased TGP under high temperature. Mean germination time( MGT) was not changed by light mode. Root development was enhanced by dark and low temperature. Shoot development was enhanced by light and high temperature. Hypocotyl length was enhanced by dark and high temperature. ② Under the light and temperature interactive treatments combined respectively with PEG and NaCl stress conditions,although the inhibitions of seed germination and growth were gradually strengthened with the increases of osmotic stresses,slight osmotic stress can promote seed germination. Under the same osmotic potential,the effects of PEG on TGPs and MGTs were stronger than that of NaCl. As the temperature increase,the seeds may change from photo-neutrality to photo-phobia. Decreased TGP under drought and continuous light interactive treatment is an adaptation strategy to avoiding drought. Hypocotyl growth accelerated under continuous dark treatment is an ecological trait which could increase dry matter input in stem and height for more light. Seed development under high concentration of NaCl treatment is better than that of PEG treatment due to low water potential caused by Na~+,which can enter into seed coat and promote water absorption.
We studied the seed germination of Astragalus membranaceus under PEG and Na Cl osmotic stress gradients( 0,-0. 1,-0. 3,-0. 5,-0. 7 MPa) respectively applied with light( continuous light,light 12 h/dark 12 h circulation and continuous dark) and temperature( constant 15 ℃,15 ℃ 12 h/30 ℃ 12 h circulation and constant 30 ℃) treatments. The results showed as following: ① Under the light and temperature interactive treatments,total germination percentage( TGP) was restrained by high temperature and continuous light also decreased TGP under high temperature. Mean germination time( MGT) was not changed by light mode. Root development was enhanced by dark and low temperature. Shoot development was enhanced by light and high temperature. Hypocotyl length was enhanced by dark and high temperature. ② Under the light and temperature interactive treatments combined respectively with PEG and NaCl stress conditions,although the inhibitions of seed germination and growth were gradually strengthened with the increases of osmotic stresses,slight osmotic stress can promote seed germination. Under the same osmotic potential,the effects of PEG on TGPs and MGTs were stronger than that of NaCl. As the temperature increase,the seeds may change from photo-neutrality to photo-phobia. Decreased TGP under drought and continuous light interactive treatment is an adaptation strategy to avoiding drought. Hypocotyl growth accelerated under continuous dark treatment is an ecological trait which could increase dry matter input in stem and height for more light. Seed development under high concentration of NaCl treatment is better than that of PEG treatment due to low water potential caused by Na~+,which can enter into seed coat and promote water absorption.
引文
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[19]罗永清,赵学勇,朱阳春,等.不同培养条件下差巴嘎蒿种子萌发与幼苗生长特征[J].应用生态学报,2014,25(1):31.
[20]倪秀珍.不同光照强度对萝卜种子萌发的影响[J].长春师范大学学报,2013,32(12):75.
[21] Wang N,Gao J,Xu S S,et al. Biomass-density relationship varies with water use efficiency across an aridity gradient[J]. Contemp Probl Ecol,2013,6(4):370.
[22]鱼小军,肖红,徐长林,等.扁蓿豆和苜蓿种子萌发期抗旱性和耐盐性比较[J].植物遗传资源学报,2015,16(2):405.
[23]薛建国,韩建国,王显国,等. Na Cl和PEG对华北驼绒藜和梭梭种子萌发的影响[J].草地学报,2008,16(5):470.
[24]何军,浦俊,王渭玲,等.引发对黄芪种子萌发及幼苗抗旱性的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2013,31(5):233.
[25]刘克彪,姜生秀.干旱和钠盐胁迫对罗布麻种子萌发的影响[J].草业学报,2016,25(5):214.
[26]韩多红,晋玲,张勇. Na Cl胁迫对膜荚黄芪种子萌发和幼苗生理特性的影响[J].中草药,2012,43(10):2045.
[27]姜春丽,苏新堯,许亚春,等.光照对药食同源植物苦荞麦种子中原花青素积累关键酶Ft ANR,Ft LAR基因表达的影响[J].中国中药杂志,2018,43(3):469.
[2] Wyse S V,Dickie J B. Ecological correlates of seed dormancy differ among dormancy types:a case study in the legumes[J]. New Phytol,2018,217(2):477.
[3] Florentine S,Weller S,King A,et al. Seed germination response of a noxious agricultural weed Echium plantagineum to temperature,light,pH,drought stress,salinity,heat and smoke[J].Crop Pasture Sci,2018,69(3):326.
[4]王楠,高静,黄文静,等.旱、盐胁迫下黄芪种子萌发及其对水杨酸的响应[J].草业科学,2018,35(1):106.
[5]王雨,周睿颖,马立敏,等. 5个产地菘蓝种子萌发及幼苗生长对盐胁迫的响应[J].草业学报,2018,27(7):145.
[6]张宇君,赵丽丽,王普昶,等.盐旱交互对燕麦种子萌发及幼苗生理特性的影响[J].草业学报,2018,27(5):141.
[7]李雪枫,周高羽,王坚.温度、光照和水分对飞扬草种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响[J].草业科学,2017,34(7):1452.
[8]马海鸽,蒋齐,王占军,等.温度和光照对不同预处理野生甘草种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响[J].水土保持研究,2014,21(5):225.
[9]宋兆伟,郝丽珍,黄振英,等.光照和温度对沙芥和斧翅沙芥植物种子萌发的影响[J].生态学报,2010,30(10):2562.
[10]崔现亮,罗娅婷,苏志龙,等.光照对不同海拔的南川绣线菊和锥花小檗种子萌发的影响[J].生态学杂志,2015,34(3):642.
[11]倪秀珍,林爱国,张丽辉.光照、干旱交互作用对野大麦种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响[J].分子植物育种,2017,15(12):5235.
[12]张敏,朱教君,闫巧玲.光对种子萌发的影响机理研究进展[J].植物生态学报,2012,36(8):899.
[13]唐卫东,魏林源,马全林,等.不同因素对沙蓬种子萌发和出苗的影响[J].西北林学院学报,2017,32(3):156.
[14]常晖.蒙古黄芪种子生物学特性及幼苗生长发育动态研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2015.
[15]刘宇.膜荚黄芪种子萌发生态特性及生理生化活性的研究[D].长春:吉林农业大学,2006.
[16]张延红,李金田,卢有媛,等.黄芪种子发芽检验标准化研究[J].中国药房,2016,27(7):998.
[17]许陶瑜,郭淑红,田洪岭,等.不同预处理及光照条件对黄芪种子萌发的影响[J].山西农业科学,2018,46(2):196.
[18]肖生旺,方向文,蒋志荣,等.温水浸种和IAA溶液浸种对当归种子萌发特性的影响[J].生态学杂志,2017,36(5):1265.
[19]罗永清,赵学勇,朱阳春,等.不同培养条件下差巴嘎蒿种子萌发与幼苗生长特征[J].应用生态学报,2014,25(1):31.
[20]倪秀珍.不同光照强度对萝卜种子萌发的影响[J].长春师范大学学报,2013,32(12):75.
[21] Wang N,Gao J,Xu S S,et al. Biomass-density relationship varies with water use efficiency across an aridity gradient[J]. Contemp Probl Ecol,2013,6(4):370.
[22]鱼小军,肖红,徐长林,等.扁蓿豆和苜蓿种子萌发期抗旱性和耐盐性比较[J].植物遗传资源学报,2015,16(2):405.
[23]薛建国,韩建国,王显国,等. Na Cl和PEG对华北驼绒藜和梭梭种子萌发的影响[J].草地学报,2008,16(5):470.
[24]何军,浦俊,王渭玲,等.引发对黄芪种子萌发及幼苗抗旱性的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2013,31(5):233.
[25]刘克彪,姜生秀.干旱和钠盐胁迫对罗布麻种子萌发的影响[J].草业学报,2016,25(5):214.
[26]韩多红,晋玲,张勇. Na Cl胁迫对膜荚黄芪种子萌发和幼苗生理特性的影响[J].中草药,2012,43(10):2045.
[27]姜春丽,苏新堯,许亚春,等.光照对药食同源植物苦荞麦种子中原花青素积累关键酶Ft ANR,Ft LAR基因表达的影响[J].中国中药杂志,2018,43(3):469.