脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇对Balb/c小鼠肠道营养物质表观消化率的影响
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摘要
为了研究脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(deoxynivalenol, DON)对Balb/c小鼠肠道营养物质表观消化率的影响,试验选用平均体重为(20±2) g的Balb/c小鼠80只,随机分成4组,每组20只,4个组分别为对照组和0.2, 0.6, 1.8 mg/kg剂量组,连续灌胃28 d,期间每天观察小鼠的临床表现,试验结束后收集各组小鼠粪便,对粪便pH值、水分含量、常规营养成分、氨基酸及微量元素表观消化率进行研究。结果表明:1.8 mg/kg剂量组小鼠采食量减少,解剖可见胃肠有损伤;与对照组相比,0.6, 1.8 mg/kg剂量组小鼠粪便pH值显著升高(P<0.05),1.8 mg/kg剂量组水分含量显著降低(P<0.05);各剂量组粗脂肪和粗纤维表观消化率显著低于对照组(P<0.05),1.8 mg/kg剂量组灰分和粗蛋白表观消化率显著低于对照组(P<0.05);与对照组和0.2 mg/kg剂量组相比,0.6 mg/kg剂量组缬氨酸、赖氨酸、亮氨酸、脯氨酸、酪氨酸、天门冬氨酸和丙氨酸等氨基酸的表观消化率降低(P<0.05或P>0.05);与对照组相比,1.8 mg/kg剂量组15种氨基酸和微量元素铁、铜、镁的表观消化率均显著降低(P<0.05),此外铁、铜、镁的表观消化率还显著低于其他组(P<0.05)。说明灌胃DON能诱导肠道pH值升高、水分含量减少,不同营养物质的表观消化率降低,并且呈剂量-效应关系。
In order to investigate the effect of deoxynivalenol exposed to Balb/c mice on intestinal nutrient apparent digestibility, a total of 80 Balb/c mice weighted(20±2)g were randomly allotted to 4 groups(20 mice per group). The mice were fed one of four kinds of diets(0, 0.2, 0.6 and 1.8 mg/kg deoxynivalenol) exposed daily via intragastric administration for 28 days and observed clinical symptoms daily during the trial. At the end of the experiment, the feces of each group were collected, then pH value, moisture content in feces, apparent of nutrients, amino acids and mineral elements in small intestine were tested. The results showed as follows: the deoxynivalenol in 1.8 mg/kg group induced the reduction of food intake and gastrointestinal injury. Compared with the control group, the pH value in feces was much higher(P<0.05), but the moisture content was lower in 1.8 mg/kg group(P<0.05). Additionally, the apparent digestibility of crude fat and crude fiber were greatly decreased in 0.2, 0.6 and 1.8 mg/kg group(P<0.05). The apparent digestibility of ash and crude protein in 1.8 mg/kg group were also significantly reduced than the control group(P<0.05). Moreover, the apparent digestibility of amino acid(including Val, Lys, Leu, Pro, Tyr, Asp and Ala) in 0.6 mg/kg group were also observably declined compared with control and 0.2 mg/kg group(P<0.05 or P>0.05), and the digestibility of 15 kinds of amino acid and mineral elements(including Fe, Cu and Mg) in 1.8 mg/kg group were the lowest among all the four groups(P<0.05). It was concluded that the supplementation of deoxynivalenol could induce the increase of pH value, decrease the moisture content and the apparent digestibility of nutrient, and all these decreasing were associated with dose-effect relationship of deoxynivalenol.
In order to investigate the effect of deoxynivalenol exposed to Balb/c mice on intestinal nutrient apparent digestibility, a total of 80 Balb/c mice weighted(20±2)g were randomly allotted to 4 groups(20 mice per group). The mice were fed one of four kinds of diets(0, 0.2, 0.6 and 1.8 mg/kg deoxynivalenol) exposed daily via intragastric administration for 28 days and observed clinical symptoms daily during the trial. At the end of the experiment, the feces of each group were collected, then pH value, moisture content in feces, apparent of nutrients, amino acids and mineral elements in small intestine were tested. The results showed as follows: the deoxynivalenol in 1.8 mg/kg group induced the reduction of food intake and gastrointestinal injury. Compared with the control group, the pH value in feces was much higher(P<0.05), but the moisture content was lower in 1.8 mg/kg group(P<0.05). Additionally, the apparent digestibility of crude fat and crude fiber were greatly decreased in 0.2, 0.6 and 1.8 mg/kg group(P<0.05). The apparent digestibility of ash and crude protein in 1.8 mg/kg group were also significantly reduced than the control group(P<0.05). Moreover, the apparent digestibility of amino acid(including Val, Lys, Leu, Pro, Tyr, Asp and Ala) in 0.6 mg/kg group were also observably declined compared with control and 0.2 mg/kg group(P<0.05 or P>0.05), and the digestibility of 15 kinds of amino acid and mineral elements(including Fe, Cu and Mg) in 1.8 mg/kg group were the lowest among all the four groups(P<0.05). It was concluded that the supplementation of deoxynivalenol could induce the increase of pH value, decrease the moisture content and the apparent digestibility of nutrient, and all these decreasing were associated with dose-effect relationship of deoxynivalenol.
引文
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[10] 杨俊花,赵志辉,郭文博,等.应用Illumina-MiSeq高通量测序技术分析脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇对小鼠肠道菌群的影响[J].动物营养学报,2017,29(1):158-167.
[11] 杨俊花,陈慧英,韩薇,等.T-2毒素对Balb/c小鼠营养物质表观消化率及小肠形态结构的影响[J].畜牧兽医学报,2015,46(9):1584-1592.
[12] 陈国营,詹凯,朱由彩,等.枯草芽孢杆菌及其发酵豆粕对蛋鸡肠道菌群和粪便中N、S含量的影响[J].中国家禽,2012,34(6):10-15.
[13] 侯振平,印遇龙,王文杰,等.乳铁蛋白素B和天蚕素P1对投喂大肠杆菌断奶仔猪生长及肠道微生物区系的影响[J].动物营养学报,2011,23(9):1536-1544.
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[15] 辛国省,李爱华,巫亮,等.微波消解ICP-AES法测定配合饲料中无机元素[J].草业科学,2011,28(7):1384-1386.
[16] ROTTER B A, PRELUSKY D B, PESTKA J J. Toxicology of deoxynivalenol (vomitoxin)[J]. J Toxicol Env Health, 1996, 48(1):1-34.
[17] 赵国先,宋海彬,马可为,等.葡萄糖氧化酶制剂对肉鸡肠道pH及盲肠微生物的影响[J].河北农业大学学报,2009,32(4):83-87.
[18] AWAD W A, HESS M, TWARUZEK M, et al. The impact of the fusarium mycotoxin deoxynivalenol on the health and performance of broiler chickens[J]. Int J Mol Sci, 2011, 12(11): 7996-8012.
[19] AWAD W A, VAHJEN W, ASCHENBACH J R, et al. A diet naturally contaminated with the fusarium mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) downregulates gene expression of glucose transporters in the intestine of broiler chickens[J]. Livest Sci, 2011, 140(1): 72-79.
[20] PINTON P, NOUGAYRÈDE J P, DEL RIO J C, et al. The food contaminant deoxynivalenol, decreases intestinal barrier permeability and reduces claudin expression[J]. Toxicol Appl Pharm, 2009, 237(1): 41-48.
[21] DIESING A K, NOSSOL C, DÄNICKE S, et al. Vulnerability of polarised intestinal porcine epithelial cells to mycotoxin deoxynivalenol depends on the route of application[J]. PLoS One,2011,6(2):e17472.
[22] HOOPER L V, GORDON J I. Commensal host-bacterial relationships in the gut[J]. Science, 2001, 292(5519): 1115-1118.
[23] MARESCA M, MAHFOUD R, GARMY N, et al. The mycotoxin deoxynivalenol affects nutrient absorption in human intestinal epithelial cells[J]. J Nutr,2002, 132(9): 2723-2731.
[24] CHEN L, LI P, WANG J, et al. Catabolism of nutritionally essential amino acids in developing porcine enterocytes[J]. Amino Acids, 2009, 37(1): 143-152.
[25] DAI Z L, ZHANG J, WU G, et al. Utilization of amino acids by bacteria from the pig small intestine[J]. Amino Acids, 2010, 39(5): 1201-1215.
[26] HUNDER G, SCHUMANN K, STRUGALA G, et al. Influence of subchronic exposure to low dietary deoxynivalenol, a trichothecene mycotoxin, on intestinal absorption of nutrients in mice[J]. Food Chem Toxicol, 1991, 29(12): 809-814.
[2] WU Q H, LOHREY L, CRAMER B, et al. Impact of physicochemical parameters on the decomposition of deoxynivalenol during extrusion cooking of wheat grits[J]. J Agric Food Chem,2011,59(23):12480-12485.
[3] ROTTER B A, PRELUSKY D B, PESTKA J J. Toxicology of deoxynivalenol (vomitoxin)[J].J Toxicol Environ Health, 1996, 48(1): 1-34.
[4] PESTKA J J, SMOLINSKI A T. Deoxynivalenol: toxicology and potential effects on humans[J]. J Toxicol Environ Health B Crit Rev,2005,8(1):39-69.
[5] DANICKE S, VALENTA H, KLOBASA F, et al. Effects of graded levels of fusarium toxin contaminated wheat in diets for fattening pigs on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, deoxynivalenol balance and clinical serum characteristics[J]. Arch Anim Nutr, 2004, 58(1): 1-17.
[6] AWAD W A, BOHM J, RAZZAZI-FAZELI E, et al. Effects of feeding deoxynivalenol contaminated wheat on growth performance, organ weights and histological parameters of the intestine of broiler chickens[J]. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl), 2006, 90(1/2): 32-37.
[7] HARHAJ N S, ANTONETTI D A. Regulation of tight junctions and loss of barrier function in pathophysiology[J]. Int J Biochem Cell B, 2004, 36(7): 1206-1237.
[8] LI M, CUFF C F, PESTKA J. Modulation of murine host response to enteric reovirus infection by the trichothecene deoxynivalenol[J]. Toxicol Sci, 2005, 87(1): 134-145.
[9] BOYAKA P N, MARINARO M, JACKSON R J, et al. Oral QS-21 requires early IL-4 help for induction of mucosal and systemic immunity[J]. J Immunol, 2001, 166(4): 2283-2290.
[10] 杨俊花,赵志辉,郭文博,等.应用Illumina-MiSeq高通量测序技术分析脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇对小鼠肠道菌群的影响[J].动物营养学报,2017,29(1):158-167.
[11] 杨俊花,陈慧英,韩薇,等.T-2毒素对Balb/c小鼠营养物质表观消化率及小肠形态结构的影响[J].畜牧兽医学报,2015,46(9):1584-1592.
[12] 陈国营,詹凯,朱由彩,等.枯草芽孢杆菌及其发酵豆粕对蛋鸡肠道菌群和粪便中N、S含量的影响[J].中国家禽,2012,34(6):10-15.
[13] 侯振平,印遇龙,王文杰,等.乳铁蛋白素B和天蚕素P1对投喂大肠杆菌断奶仔猪生长及肠道微生物区系的影响[J].动物营养学报,2011,23(9):1536-1544.
[14] 张丽英.饲料分析及饲料质量检测技术[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社,2003.
[15] 辛国省,李爱华,巫亮,等.微波消解ICP-AES法测定配合饲料中无机元素[J].草业科学,2011,28(7):1384-1386.
[16] ROTTER B A, PRELUSKY D B, PESTKA J J. Toxicology of deoxynivalenol (vomitoxin)[J]. J Toxicol Env Health, 1996, 48(1):1-34.
[17] 赵国先,宋海彬,马可为,等.葡萄糖氧化酶制剂对肉鸡肠道pH及盲肠微生物的影响[J].河北农业大学学报,2009,32(4):83-87.
[18] AWAD W A, HESS M, TWARUZEK M, et al. The impact of the fusarium mycotoxin deoxynivalenol on the health and performance of broiler chickens[J]. Int J Mol Sci, 2011, 12(11): 7996-8012.
[19] AWAD W A, VAHJEN W, ASCHENBACH J R, et al. A diet naturally contaminated with the fusarium mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) downregulates gene expression of glucose transporters in the intestine of broiler chickens[J]. Livest Sci, 2011, 140(1): 72-79.
[20] PINTON P, NOUGAYRÈDE J P, DEL RIO J C, et al. The food contaminant deoxynivalenol, decreases intestinal barrier permeability and reduces claudin expression[J]. Toxicol Appl Pharm, 2009, 237(1): 41-48.
[21] DIESING A K, NOSSOL C, DÄNICKE S, et al. Vulnerability of polarised intestinal porcine epithelial cells to mycotoxin deoxynivalenol depends on the route of application[J]. PLoS One,2011,6(2):e17472.
[22] HOOPER L V, GORDON J I. Commensal host-bacterial relationships in the gut[J]. Science, 2001, 292(5519): 1115-1118.
[23] MARESCA M, MAHFOUD R, GARMY N, et al. The mycotoxin deoxynivalenol affects nutrient absorption in human intestinal epithelial cells[J]. J Nutr,2002, 132(9): 2723-2731.
[24] CHEN L, LI P, WANG J, et al. Catabolism of nutritionally essential amino acids in developing porcine enterocytes[J]. Amino Acids, 2009, 37(1): 143-152.
[25] DAI Z L, ZHANG J, WU G, et al. Utilization of amino acids by bacteria from the pig small intestine[J]. Amino Acids, 2010, 39(5): 1201-1215.
[26] HUNDER G, SCHUMANN K, STRUGALA G, et al. Influence of subchronic exposure to low dietary deoxynivalenol, a trichothecene mycotoxin, on intestinal absorption of nutrients in mice[J]. Food Chem Toxicol, 1991, 29(12): 809-814.