砂石渗井在黏土地区海绵城市建设中的应用
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摘要
随着社会和经济的发展,建筑物、硬化路面等不透水结构逐渐取代了大量原始天然地面,从而造成了雨水入渗面积的迅速减少和由此引起的严重城市内涝。为解决我国水资源短缺和城市季节性洪水的双重危害,提供了一种以砂石等渗透性强的粗骨料作为内置材料的黏土地层竖向增强体渗透装置。当出现强降雨时,地表径流将汇流于密布的砂石渗井中,然后沿井壁向四周的土层中渗流。由于井壁的面积远远大于井口的面积,且一般情况下黏土的水平渗透性大于其竖向渗透性,因而砂石渗井能大大增大雨水的下渗速度。进行了填充料和岩土介质的渗透测试以及在此基础上的单井和群井现场原位试验和相应的数值模拟。结果表明:该装置经济、施工简单、效果明显,是一种环境友好型低影响海绵城市建设方法,为黏土地区海绵城市建设提供了一条有效途径。
With the development of society and economy,impervious structures such as buildings and hardened pavement gradually replace a large number of original natural ground,resulting in a rapid reduction of rain infiltration area and urban waterlogging. In order to solve the dual hazards of water shortage and seasonal urban flood in China,a vertical seepage device with sand and aggregate as internal material in clay layer was proposed. When heavy rainfall occurs,surface runoff will converge in densely packed sand seepage wells,and then seep along the wellbore into the surrounding soils. Because the area of shaft lining is much larger than that of wellhead,and the horizontal permeability of clay is generally greater than its vertical permeability,sand and stone seepage wells can greatly increase the infiltration rate of rain water. The permeability of sand and stone seepage wells with filling materials and geotechnical media was tested,based on which,the in-situ test and numerical simulation of single and group wells are established. The results showed that the device is economical,simple and effective,and it is an environment-friendly and low-impact sponge city construction method,which provides an effective way for the construction of sponge city in clay areas.
With the development of society and economy,impervious structures such as buildings and hardened pavement gradually replace a large number of original natural ground,resulting in a rapid reduction of rain infiltration area and urban waterlogging. In order to solve the dual hazards of water shortage and seasonal urban flood in China,a vertical seepage device with sand and aggregate as internal material in clay layer was proposed. When heavy rainfall occurs,surface runoff will converge in densely packed sand seepage wells,and then seep along the wellbore into the surrounding soils. Because the area of shaft lining is much larger than that of wellhead,and the horizontal permeability of clay is generally greater than its vertical permeability,sand and stone seepage wells can greatly increase the infiltration rate of rain water. The permeability of sand and stone seepage wells with filling materials and geotechnical media was tested,based on which,the in-situ test and numerical simulation of single and group wells are established. The results showed that the device is economical,simple and effective,and it is an environment-friendly and low-impact sponge city construction method,which provides an effective way for the construction of sponge city in clay areas.
引文
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[2]周斌.水资源开发与利用科研工作的现实制约与对策建议[J].中国环境管理,2018,10(2):99-100.
[3]田川.天津水资源短缺的原因及建议[J].现代农业科技,2016(10):159-160.
[4]刘嘉男,李发文,冯平,等.设施农业对农田排涝模数影响[J].中国农业资源与区划,2018,39(4):90-102.
[5]郝光玲,王烜,罗阳,等.基于改进的综合评价模型的北京市水资源短缺风险评价[J].水资源保护,2017,33(6):27-31.
[6]张安凝知,解文娟.河北省4次重大暴雨洪涝天气特征及影响分析[J].科技资讯,2017,15(23):96+98.
[7]孙芳.基于海绵城市的城市道路系统化设计研究[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学,2015.
[8]杨青娟,朱钢.雨水管网和城市绿地的协同优化设计研究[J].中国给水排水,2014,30(7):94-98.
[9]俞孔坚,李迪华,袁弘,等.“海绵城市”理论与实践[J].城市规划,2015,39(6):26-36.
[10]吴丹洁,詹圣泽,李友华,等.中国特色海绵城市的新兴趋势与实践研究[J].中国软科学,2016(1):79-97.
[11]王龙涛,赵建伟,华玉妹,等.植草沟净化地表径流运行条件优化[J].环境工程学报,2016,10(9):4855-4860.
[12]张静波,蔺建学.透水砖在海绵城市建设中的应用[J].砖瓦世界,2016(9):27-28.
[13]唐双成,罗纨,贾忠华,等.雨水花园对暴雨径流的削减效果[J].水科学进展,2015,26(6):787-794.
[14]危薇.基于“海绵城市”理念的下沉式绿地优化设计探讨[J].城市建筑,2016(29):48-48.
[15]DAMODARAM C,GIACOMONI M H,KHEDUN C P,et al. Simulation of combined best management practices and low impact development for sustainable storm water management[J]. Journal of the American Water Resources Association,2010,46(5):907-918.
[16]DIETZ M E. Low impact development practices:a review of current research and recommendations for future directions[J]. Water Air&Soil Pollution,2015,22(4):543-563.
[17]CHEN Weiyun,XIA Tangdai,HU Wentao. A mixture theory analysis for the surface-wave propagation in an unsaturated porous medium[J]. International Journal of Solids and Structures,2011,48(16-17):2402-2412.
[18]薛禹群,朱学愚,吴吉春.地下水动力学[M].北京:地质出版社,1997.
[19]华静,杨华舒.土石坝渗流计算中的有限元应用研究[J].中国水能及电气化,2012(7):15-18.
[20]师文豪,杨天鸿,于庆磊,等.层状边坡各向异性岩体渗流-应力耦合模型及工程应用[J].岩土力学,2015,36(8):2352-2360.
[21]杨昱.饱和非饱和渗流基本微分方程的推导[J].河南水利与南水北调,2015(14):76-79.
[22]WAECHTER R T,PHILIP J R. Steady Two and Three-dimensional flows in unsaturated soil:the scattering analog[J].Water Resources Research,1985,21(12):1875-1887.
[23]朱伟,程南军,陈学东,等.浅谈非饱和渗流的几个基本问题[J].岩土工程学报,2006,28(2):235-240.