产业集聚对流域水污染的影响分析:以海河流域为例
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摘要
地表河流的流域性水污染问题与区域性产业不合理布局密切相关。以海河流域为例,建立包含空间效应的面板回归模型,分析污染产业集聚对流域水环境的影响。研究发现,污染产业的集聚总体上不利于水环境改善;针对水污染的治理虽然可以遏制水环境的恶化,但其效果仅限于污染产业集聚程度较低的地区。此外,上游地区的污染产业集聚抵消了下游的环境治理成效。因此,应当严控集聚带来的增排,加强对流域上游地区的产业规划和环境治理。
Watershed water pollution is one of the adverse consequences of irrational distribution of regional industry.Taking Haihe River Basin as an example,this paper establishes a panel regression model with spatial effect and examines the relationship between industrial agglomeration and surface water quality.The result of the empirical research shows that in general the agglomeration of the polluting industry is not conducive to the improvement of the water environment;the treatment of water pollution can indeed prevent the deterioration of the water environment,however,the effect is limited to areas with low degree of concentration of polluting industries;what's more,the agglomeration of polluting industry in the upper reaches counteracts the effect of environmental governance in the lower reaches as downstream water quality is significantly affected by upstream.Therefore,the increase of emissions caused by industry agglomeration should be strictly controlled and upstream industrial planning and environmental governance should be strengthened.
Watershed water pollution is one of the adverse consequences of irrational distribution of regional industry.Taking Haihe River Basin as an example,this paper establishes a panel regression model with spatial effect and examines the relationship between industrial agglomeration and surface water quality.The result of the empirical research shows that in general the agglomeration of the polluting industry is not conducive to the improvement of the water environment;the treatment of water pollution can indeed prevent the deterioration of the water environment,however,the effect is limited to areas with low degree of concentration of polluting industries;what's more,the agglomeration of polluting industry in the upper reaches counteracts the effect of environmental governance in the lower reaches as downstream water quality is significantly affected by upstream.Therefore,the increase of emissions caused by industry agglomeration should be strictly controlled and upstream industrial planning and environmental governance should be strengthened.
引文
[1]王毅.改革流域管理体制促进流域综合管理[J].中国科学院院刊,2008,23(2):134-139.
[2]张晓.中国水污染趋势与治理制度[J].中国软科学,2014,(10):11-24.
[3]张增强.我国水污染经济损失研究[D].北京:中国水利水电科学研究院,2005:73.
[4]徐峰.海河流域农村饮水安全工作体制机制改革刍议[J].海河水利,2014,(5):45-47.
[5]毛慧慧,李木山,董琳.论海河流域水利发展与经济社会协调发展[J].海河水利,2011,(1):1-4.
[6]王今.产业集聚的识别理论与方法研究[J].经济地理,2005,25(1):9-11.
[7]朱永.长江三角洲次区域产业集聚的形成原因研究[D].上海:复旦大学经济学院,2005:15,17.
[8]朱英明,杨斌,周晓丽,等.产业集聚困境研究:回顾与展望[J].经济评论,2011,(2):145-151.
[9]闫逢柱,苏李,乔娟,等.产业集聚发展与环境污染关系的考察---来自中国制造业的证据[J].科学学研究,2011,29(1):79-83.
[10]沈能.工业集聚能改善环境效率吗?---基于中国城市数据的空间非线性检验[J].管理工程学报,2014,28(3):57-63.
[11]VERHOEF ET,NIJKAMP P.Externalities in urban sustainability:Environmental versus localization-type agglomeration externalities in a general spatial equilibrium model of a single-sector monocentric industrial city[J].Ecological economics,2000,40(2):157-179.
[12]NIJKAMP P,VERHOEF ET.Urban environmental externalities,agglomeration forces,and the technological‘deus ex machina’[J].Environment&Planning A,2008,40(4).
[13]苏春江,何锦峰,陈国阶.长江上游水质与产业密度关系数学模型[J].环境科学,2000,21(2):16-19.
[14]陈广洲,汪家权,李如忠,等.淮河安徽段水质与产业密度的关系[J].水资源保护,2005,21(3):6-8.
[15]杨帆,周沂,贺灿飞.产业组织、产业集聚与中国制造业产业污染[J].北京大学学报(自然科学版),2016,52(3):563-573.
[16]王兵,聂欣.产业集聚与环境治理:助力还是阻力---来自开发区设立准自然实验的证据[J].中国工业经济,2016,(12):75-89.
[17]MYTHILI G,MUKHERJEE S.Examining Environmental Kuznets Curve for river effluents in India[J].Environment,development and sustainability,2011,13(3):627-640.
[18]SAYED AF,BHUIYAN MAH,KABIR M,et al.Effects of Industrial Agglomeration on Land-Use Patterns and Surface Water Quality in Konabari,BSCIC area at Gazipur,Bangladesh[J].International research rournal of environment sciences,2015,4(11):42-49.
[19]PANDEY A C,KUMAR A.Spatio-temporal variability of surface water quality of fresh water resources in Ranchi Urban Agglomeration,India using geospatial techniques[J].Applied Water Science,2015,5(1):13-26.
[20]OLIVERA F,DEFEE BB.Urbanization and its effect on runoff in the Whiteoak Bayou Watershed,Texas[J].Journal of the American Water Resources Association,2007,43(1):170-182.
[21]YU S,YU G,LIU Y,et al.Urbanization Impairs Surface Water Quality:Eutrophication and Metal Stress in the Grand Canal of China[J].River research and applications,2012,28(8):1135-1148.
[22]聂欣,陈健.基于产业集聚视角下中国城市水污染治理研究[J].城市观察,2017,(6):149-161.
[23]周锐波,石思文.中国产业集聚与环境污染互动机制研究[J].软科学,2018,(2):30-33.
[24]雷海,王皓,朱明侠.产业集聚、能源消耗与环境污染[J].工业技术经济,2017,36(9):58-64.
[25]徐辉,杨烨.人口和产业集聚对环境污染的影响---以中国的100个城市为例[J].城市问题,2017,(1):53-60.
[26]CHAIPRASITHIKUL S.Assessing Impact of Economic Development on Water Pollution in Thailand Using Dynamic Spatial Econometrics Analysis[J].OIDA International Journal of Sustainable Development,2013,6(3):71-76.
[27]PAUDEL KP,ZAPATA H,SUSANTO D.An empirical test of Environmental Kuznets Curve for water pollution[J].Environmental and resource economics,2005,31(3):325-348.
[28]武淑霞.我国农村畜禽养殖业氮磷排放变化特征及其对农业面源污染的影响[D].北京:中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,2005.
[29]DUC TA,VACHAUD G,BONNET MP,et al.Experimental investigation and modelling approach of the impact of urban wastewater on a tropical river:a case study of the Nhue River,Hanoi,Viet Nam[J].Journal of hydrology,2007,334(3):347-358.
[30]ZEILHOFER P.Land use effects on water quality in the urban agglomeration of Cuiabáand Várzea Grande,Mato Grosso State,central Brazil[J].Urban water journal,2010,7(3):173-186.
[31]汤洁,续衍雪,李青山,等.第二松花江水质与主要城市取排水量、径流关系研究[J].水文,2010,30(6):65-69.
[32]乔梁,时玉涛.北方山溪性河流径流量变化对水质影响分析[J].南水北调与水利科技,2011,9(2):123-125.
[33]肖显静.“河长制”:一个有效而非长效的制度设置[J].环境教育,2009,(5):24-25.
(1)按照《海河流域综合规划(2012-2030年)》的要求,2020年将全部解决农村人口的饮水安全问题。参看水利部海河水利委员会网站http://www.hwcc.gov.cn/wwgj/HWCCzwgk/zfxxgk/hwslgh/201506/t20150619_50517.html
(1)本文在计算上游地区水质时,对于一个给定的地区i来说,其上游地区j必须符合两个标准:第一,i与j有共同行政边界;第二,自j流入i的河流在两地均有监测断面。
(2)参照paude等[27](2005)在“An empirical test of Environmental Kuznets Curve for water pollution”一文中的做法。
(1)参见张远,王西琴著《海河流域水污染控制与产业结构调整》,中国环境出版社,2016年出版。
(2)2011年起该统计项目不再公布。
(3)参照周锐波,石思文[23]“中国产业集聚与环境污染互动机制研究”的做法。
(4)参见陈栋生著《经济布局与区域经济》,中国社会科学出版社,2013年出版。
(1)参见高铁梅著《计量经济分析方法与建模:Eviews应用及实例》(第二版)第十章,清华大学出版社,2012年出版。
[2]张晓.中国水污染趋势与治理制度[J].中国软科学,2014,(10):11-24.
[3]张增强.我国水污染经济损失研究[D].北京:中国水利水电科学研究院,2005:73.
[4]徐峰.海河流域农村饮水安全工作体制机制改革刍议[J].海河水利,2014,(5):45-47.
[5]毛慧慧,李木山,董琳.论海河流域水利发展与经济社会协调发展[J].海河水利,2011,(1):1-4.
[6]王今.产业集聚的识别理论与方法研究[J].经济地理,2005,25(1):9-11.
[7]朱永.长江三角洲次区域产业集聚的形成原因研究[D].上海:复旦大学经济学院,2005:15,17.
[8]朱英明,杨斌,周晓丽,等.产业集聚困境研究:回顾与展望[J].经济评论,2011,(2):145-151.
[9]闫逢柱,苏李,乔娟,等.产业集聚发展与环境污染关系的考察---来自中国制造业的证据[J].科学学研究,2011,29(1):79-83.
[10]沈能.工业集聚能改善环境效率吗?---基于中国城市数据的空间非线性检验[J].管理工程学报,2014,28(3):57-63.
[11]VERHOEF ET,NIJKAMP P.Externalities in urban sustainability:Environmental versus localization-type agglomeration externalities in a general spatial equilibrium model of a single-sector monocentric industrial city[J].Ecological economics,2000,40(2):157-179.
[12]NIJKAMP P,VERHOEF ET.Urban environmental externalities,agglomeration forces,and the technological‘deus ex machina’[J].Environment&Planning A,2008,40(4).
[13]苏春江,何锦峰,陈国阶.长江上游水质与产业密度关系数学模型[J].环境科学,2000,21(2):16-19.
[14]陈广洲,汪家权,李如忠,等.淮河安徽段水质与产业密度的关系[J].水资源保护,2005,21(3):6-8.
[15]杨帆,周沂,贺灿飞.产业组织、产业集聚与中国制造业产业污染[J].北京大学学报(自然科学版),2016,52(3):563-573.
[16]王兵,聂欣.产业集聚与环境治理:助力还是阻力---来自开发区设立准自然实验的证据[J].中国工业经济,2016,(12):75-89.
[17]MYTHILI G,MUKHERJEE S.Examining Environmental Kuznets Curve for river effluents in India[J].Environment,development and sustainability,2011,13(3):627-640.
[18]SAYED AF,BHUIYAN MAH,KABIR M,et al.Effects of Industrial Agglomeration on Land-Use Patterns and Surface Water Quality in Konabari,BSCIC area at Gazipur,Bangladesh[J].International research rournal of environment sciences,2015,4(11):42-49.
[19]PANDEY A C,KUMAR A.Spatio-temporal variability of surface water quality of fresh water resources in Ranchi Urban Agglomeration,India using geospatial techniques[J].Applied Water Science,2015,5(1):13-26.
[20]OLIVERA F,DEFEE BB.Urbanization and its effect on runoff in the Whiteoak Bayou Watershed,Texas[J].Journal of the American Water Resources Association,2007,43(1):170-182.
[21]YU S,YU G,LIU Y,et al.Urbanization Impairs Surface Water Quality:Eutrophication and Metal Stress in the Grand Canal of China[J].River research and applications,2012,28(8):1135-1148.
[22]聂欣,陈健.基于产业集聚视角下中国城市水污染治理研究[J].城市观察,2017,(6):149-161.
[23]周锐波,石思文.中国产业集聚与环境污染互动机制研究[J].软科学,2018,(2):30-33.
[24]雷海,王皓,朱明侠.产业集聚、能源消耗与环境污染[J].工业技术经济,2017,36(9):58-64.
[25]徐辉,杨烨.人口和产业集聚对环境污染的影响---以中国的100个城市为例[J].城市问题,2017,(1):53-60.
[26]CHAIPRASITHIKUL S.Assessing Impact of Economic Development on Water Pollution in Thailand Using Dynamic Spatial Econometrics Analysis[J].OIDA International Journal of Sustainable Development,2013,6(3):71-76.
[27]PAUDEL KP,ZAPATA H,SUSANTO D.An empirical test of Environmental Kuznets Curve for water pollution[J].Environmental and resource economics,2005,31(3):325-348.
[28]武淑霞.我国农村畜禽养殖业氮磷排放变化特征及其对农业面源污染的影响[D].北京:中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,2005.
[29]DUC TA,VACHAUD G,BONNET MP,et al.Experimental investigation and modelling approach of the impact of urban wastewater on a tropical river:a case study of the Nhue River,Hanoi,Viet Nam[J].Journal of hydrology,2007,334(3):347-358.
[30]ZEILHOFER P.Land use effects on water quality in the urban agglomeration of Cuiabáand Várzea Grande,Mato Grosso State,central Brazil[J].Urban water journal,2010,7(3):173-186.
[31]汤洁,续衍雪,李青山,等.第二松花江水质与主要城市取排水量、径流关系研究[J].水文,2010,30(6):65-69.
[32]乔梁,时玉涛.北方山溪性河流径流量变化对水质影响分析[J].南水北调与水利科技,2011,9(2):123-125.
[33]肖显静.“河长制”:一个有效而非长效的制度设置[J].环境教育,2009,(5):24-25.
(1)按照《海河流域综合规划(2012-2030年)》的要求,2020年将全部解决农村人口的饮水安全问题。参看水利部海河水利委员会网站http://www.hwcc.gov.cn/wwgj/HWCCzwgk/zfxxgk/hwslgh/201506/t20150619_50517.html
(1)本文在计算上游地区水质时,对于一个给定的地区i来说,其上游地区j必须符合两个标准:第一,i与j有共同行政边界;第二,自j流入i的河流在两地均有监测断面。
(2)参照paude等[27](2005)在“An empirical test of Environmental Kuznets Curve for water pollution”一文中的做法。
(1)参见张远,王西琴著《海河流域水污染控制与产业结构调整》,中国环境出版社,2016年出版。
(2)2011年起该统计项目不再公布。
(3)参照周锐波,石思文[23]“中国产业集聚与环境污染互动机制研究”的做法。
(4)参见陈栋生著《经济布局与区域经济》,中国社会科学出版社,2013年出版。
(1)参见高铁梅著《计量经济分析方法与建模:Eviews应用及实例》(第二版)第十章,清华大学出版社,2012年出版。