混种3种观赏植物对白三叶铅积累的影响
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摘要
为了研究铅污染条件下对白三叶植物修复效率的影响,通过盆栽和小区试验,将一串红、翠菊、德国鸢尾分别与白三叶混种,研究不同混种方式对白三叶生物量及铅积累的影响。结果表明:与白三叶单种相比,混种德国鸢尾提高了白三叶单株地上部分生物量和整株生物量,混种一串红、翠菊则降低了白三叶单株地上部分生物量和整株生物量;就混种系统而言,各个混种处理的植物总生物量均介于混种的2种植物单种之间。混种一串红、翠菊、德国鸢尾均提高了白三叶地上部分铅含量,盆栽试验分别较白三叶单种提高了11.39%,17.88%,42.18%;小区试验分别较白三叶单种提高了2.64%,13.22%,23.94%。白三叶混种德国鸢尾的地上部分铅积累总量高于各自单种,其余混种处理均介于混种的2种植物单种之间。小区试验中,白三叶混种德国鸢尾的单位面积地上部分铅积累总量最高,达242.777mg/m2,较白三叶单种提高了371.83%,较德国鸢尾单种提高了8.38%;白三叶混种德国鸢尾的土壤重金属铅去除率最高,达15.11%,比白三叶单种提高了326.84%,比德国鸢尾单种提高了10.70%。因此,白三叶混种德国鸢尾的铅提取效果表现最好,能够用于铅污染土壤的修复。
The pot and plot experiments were conducted to study the effects of intercropping on the remediation efficiency of Trifolium repens plant under lead(Pd)contamination.Salvia splendens,Callistephus Chinensis and Iris germanica L.were intercropped with Trifolium repens respectively to study the influences of different intercropping combinations on the growth of Trifolium repens and Pd accumulation.The results showed that intercropping with Iris germanica L.improved the shoot biomass and the whole plant biomass of Trifolium repens,but intercropping with Salvia splendens and Callistephus Chinensis reduced the shoot biomass and whole plant biomass compared with monoculture of repens.In the intercropping system,the total biomass of plants always fell in between the monoculture of two species.By intercropping with Salvia splendens,Callistephus Chinensis and Iris germanica L.,all the Pd contents in shoots of Trifolium repens increased,by 11.39%,17.88%and 42.18%respectively compared with Trifolium repens monoculture in pot experiment,and by 2.64%,13.22% and 23.94%respectively in plot experiment.The total Pd accumulation in shoot of Trifolium repens and Iris germanica L.intercropping system was higher than the monoculture of the two species respectively,and the other intercropping treatments were between the monoculture of the two species.In plot experiment the total Pd accumulation in shoots per unit area in Trifolium repens and Iris germanica L.intercropping system was highest of all intercropping patterns,which reached up to 242.777 mg/m2,improved by 371.83% and 8.38%respectively compared with the monoculture.The removal rates of Pb in soil of Trifolium repens and Iris germanica L.intercropping system were the highest of all intercropping patterns,which reached up to 15.11%,improved by 326.84% and 10.70% respectively compared with the monoculture.Therefore,in terms of the whole restoration efficiency,the Trifolium repens intercropping with Iris germanica L.performed the best,which could be used to enhance the remedia-tion effect of Pd contaminated soil.
The pot and plot experiments were conducted to study the effects of intercropping on the remediation efficiency of Trifolium repens plant under lead(Pd)contamination.Salvia splendens,Callistephus Chinensis and Iris germanica L.were intercropped with Trifolium repens respectively to study the influences of different intercropping combinations on the growth of Trifolium repens and Pd accumulation.The results showed that intercropping with Iris germanica L.improved the shoot biomass and the whole plant biomass of Trifolium repens,but intercropping with Salvia splendens and Callistephus Chinensis reduced the shoot biomass and whole plant biomass compared with monoculture of repens.In the intercropping system,the total biomass of plants always fell in between the monoculture of two species.By intercropping with Salvia splendens,Callistephus Chinensis and Iris germanica L.,all the Pd contents in shoots of Trifolium repens increased,by 11.39%,17.88%and 42.18%respectively compared with Trifolium repens monoculture in pot experiment,and by 2.64%,13.22% and 23.94%respectively in plot experiment.The total Pd accumulation in shoot of Trifolium repens and Iris germanica L.intercropping system was higher than the monoculture of the two species respectively,and the other intercropping treatments were between the monoculture of the two species.In plot experiment the total Pd accumulation in shoots per unit area in Trifolium repens and Iris germanica L.intercropping system was highest of all intercropping patterns,which reached up to 242.777 mg/m2,improved by 371.83% and 8.38%respectively compared with the monoculture.The removal rates of Pb in soil of Trifolium repens and Iris germanica L.intercropping system were the highest of all intercropping patterns,which reached up to 15.11%,improved by 326.84% and 10.70% respectively compared with the monoculture.Therefore,in terms of the whole restoration efficiency,the Trifolium repens intercropping with Iris germanica L.performed the best,which could be used to enhance the remedia-tion effect of Pd contaminated soil.
引文
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[18]李春俭,马玮,张福锁.根际对话及其对植物生长的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2008,14(1):178-183.
[19]林立金,廖明安,梅洛银,等.不同生态型小飞蓬对镉胁迫砧木樱桃植株磷钾吸收的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2013,21(12):1565-1568.
[20]刘领.种间根际相互作用下植物对土壤重金属污染的响应特征及其机理研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2011.
[2]刘柿良,石新生,潘远智,等.镉胁迫对长春花生长,生物量及养分积累与分配的影响[J].草业学报,2013,22(3):154-161.
[3]刘柿良,杨容孑,潘远智,等.镉胁迫对长春花质膜过氧化、ATP酶及5′-核苷酸酶活性的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2013,32(5):916-924.
[4]董艳,董坤.间套混种控病增产机制研究进展[J].土壤通报,2012,43(1):236-242.
[5]Yang Y Y,Jung J Y,Song W Y,et al.Identification of rice varieties with high tolerance or sensitivity to lead and characterization of the mechanism of tolerance[J].Plant Physiology,2000,124(3):1019-1026.
[6]向言词,官春云,黄璜,等.作物间作对油菜积累镉与铅的影响[J].水土保持学报,2010,24(3):50-55.
[7]Yang B,Shu W S,Ye Z H,et al.Growth and metal accumulation in vetiver and two sesbania species on lead/zinc mine tailings[J].Chemosphere,2003,52(9):1593-1600.
[8]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].3版.北京:中国农业出版社,2000:433-440.
[9]石军,黄廷友,褚旭东,等.混种不同生态型富集植物对镉胁迫樱桃幼苗磷钾养分吸收的影响[J].江西农业大学学报,2015,37(2):231-238.
[10]林立金,罗丽,杨代宇,等.混种富集植物对牛膝菊镉积累的影响[J].水土保持学报,2014,28(6):319-324.
[11]王兴伟,刘子芳,范燕,等.混种黑麦草和三叶草对假繁缕镉积累的影响[J].四川环境,2017,36(2):1-6.
[12]徐强,程智慧,卢涛,等.间作对植株生长及养分吸收和根际环境的影响[J].西北植物学报,2010,30(2):350-356.
[13]程籍,廖明安,林立金,等.不同生态型小飞蓬对酸樱桃镉积累及土壤酶活性的影响[J].华北农学报,2013,28(6):153-158.
[14]黄科文,廖明安,林立金.2种生态型三叶鬼针草的不同株数混种比例对其镉累积的影响[J].生态与农村环境学报,2015,31(5):753-759.
[15]王激清,茹淑华,苏德纯.印度芥菜和油菜互作对各自吸收土壤中难溶态镉的影响[J].环境科学学报,2004,24(5):890-894.
[16]陈兴,郭先华,祖艳群,等.蚕豆与小花南芥间作体系中Cd,Pb在植物中的累积特征[J].云南农业大学学报,2016,31(1):167-172.
[17]蒋成爱,吴启堂,吴顺辉,等.东南景天与不同植物混作对土壤重金属吸收的影响[J].中国环境科学,2009,29(9):985-990.
[18]李春俭,马玮,张福锁.根际对话及其对植物生长的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2008,14(1):178-183.
[19]林立金,廖明安,梅洛银,等.不同生态型小飞蓬对镉胁迫砧木樱桃植株磷钾吸收的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2013,21(12):1565-1568.
[20]刘领.种间根际相互作用下植物对土壤重金属污染的响应特征及其机理研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2011.