搅拌摩擦焊核心区温度在线检测方法
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摘要
提出了基于热图像的搅拌摩擦焊核心区温度检测方法,通过建立轴肩边缘焊材表面辐射度与电压的映射关系、热图像灰度与电压的映射关系,推导出轴肩边缘焊材表面温度与热图像灰度的关系。结合辐射热交换原理,得到了轴肩边缘焊材表面温度与核心区温度的关系,并求解得到搅拌摩擦焊核心区温度。实验对比验证了所建测温模型的正确性与可行性。
A method for measuring the temperature in the core areas of FSW was proposed based on thermal image herein. The relation between radiance and voltage of the welding consumables on the shoulder edge, and the mapping relationship between gray value and voltage of the thermal image were established. The relationship between surface temperature of the welding consumables at the shoulder and the gray value of the thermal image was deduced. The relationship between the surface temperature of the welding consumables at the shoulder and the temperature in the core area was deduced combining with the radiation heat exchange principle, and the temperature in the core areas was obtained. Finally, the correctness and feasibility of the method for measuring the temperature in the core areas were verified by experiments.
A method for measuring the temperature in the core areas of FSW was proposed based on thermal image herein. The relation between radiance and voltage of the welding consumables on the shoulder edge, and the mapping relationship between gray value and voltage of the thermal image were established. The relationship between surface temperature of the welding consumables at the shoulder and the gray value of the thermal image was deduced. The relationship between the surface temperature of the welding consumables at the shoulder and the temperature in the core area was deduced combining with the radiation heat exchange principle, and the temperature in the core areas was obtained. Finally, the correctness and feasibility of the method for measuring the temperature in the core areas were verified by experiments.
引文
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[10] 甘雨凡,李京龙,熊江涛,等.利用红外热成像技术分析搅拌摩擦焊隧道型孔洞形成机制[J].电焊机,2012,42(1):22-25.GAN Yufan,LI Jinglong,XIONG Jiangtao,et al.Analysis of the Formation Mechanism of Friction Stir Welded Tunnel Holes by Infrared Thermal Imaging[J].Electric Welding Machine,2012,42(1):22-25.
[11] 鲍宏伟,李京龙,高大路,等.纯铅搅拌摩擦焊接轴肩温度变化规律研究[J].电焊机,2012,42(2):54-56.BAO Hongwei,LI Jinglong,GAO Dalu,et al.Research on Temperature Change Law of Pure Lead Friction Stir Welding Shaft Shoulder[J].Electric Welding Machine,2012,42(2):54-56.
[12] YANG D,WANG G,ZHANG G.Thermal Analysis for Single-pass Multi-layer GMAW Based Additive Manufacturing Using Infrared Thermography[J].Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2017,244:215-224.
[13] ZHANGY C,CHEN Y M,FU X B,et al.A Method for Reducing the Influence of Measuring Distance on Infrared Thermal Imager Temperature Measurement Accuracy[J].Journal of Applied Thermal Engineering,2016,100:1095-1101.
[14] POPOV V J.接触力学与摩擦学的原理及其应用[M].李强,雒建斌,译.北京:清华大学出版社,2011.POPOV V J.Contact Mechanics and Friction Physical Principles and Applications[M].LI Qiang,LUO Jianbin,Translation.Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,2011.
[15] 鄢东洋,史清宇,吴爱萍,等.搅拌摩擦焊接过程的试验测量及分析[J].焊接学报,2010,31(2):67-70.YAN Dongyang,SHI Qingyu,WU Aiping,et al.Measurement and Analysis of Friction Stir Welding Process[J].Transactions of the China Welding Institution,2010,31(2):67-70.
[2] 张欣盟,杨景宏,王春生,等.搅拌摩擦焊技术及其应用发展[J].焊接,2015(1):29-32.ZHANG Xinmeng,YANG Jinghong,WANG Chunsheng,et al.Friction Stir Welding Technology and Its Application Development [J].Welding & Joining,2015(1):29-32.
[3] LAMBRAKOS S G,FONDA R W,MILEWSKI J O,et al.Analysis of Friction Stir Welds Using Thermocouple Measurements[J] J.Science & Technology of Welding & Joining,2003,8(5):385-390.
[4] 苏晓莉,王快社,周俊杰.铝合金搅拌摩擦焊温度场检测[J].焊接技术,2006,35(1):12-14.SU Xiaoli,WNAG Kuaishe,ZHOU Junjie.Temperature Field Detection of Aluminum Alloy Friction Stir Welding[J].Welding Technology,2006,35(1):12-14.
[5] 李敬勇,赵阳阳,亢晓亮.搅拌摩擦焊过程中搅拌头温度场分布特征[J].焊接学报,2014,35(3):66-70.LI Jingyong,ZHAO Yangyang,KANG Xiaoliang.Temperature Field Distribution Characteristics of Mixing Head during Friction Stir Welding [J].Transactions of The China Welding Institution,2006,35(3):66-70.
[6] SHIBAYANAGI T,MIZUSHIMA K,YOSHIKAWA S,et al.Friction Stir Spot Welding of Pure Aluminum Sheet in View of High Temperature Deformation[J].Transactions of JWRI,2013,40:1-5.
[7] PACHECOR M,PACHECO P M C L.Analysis of the Temperature Distribution in Friction Stir Welding Using the Finite Element Method[J].Materials Science Forum,2013,758:11-19.
[8] ABBASI M,BAGHERI B,KEIVANI R.Thermal Analysis of Friction Stir Welding Process and Investigation into Affective Parameters Using Simulation[J].Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology,2015,29(2):861-866.
[9] 胡亚真,白钢,付春坤,等.搅拌摩擦焊中的测温研究[J].热加工工艺,2011,40(11):158-160.HU Yazhen,BAI Gang,FU Chunkun,et al.Temperature Measurement in Friction Stir Welding[J].Hot Working Technology,2011,40(11):158-160.
[10] 甘雨凡,李京龙,熊江涛,等.利用红外热成像技术分析搅拌摩擦焊隧道型孔洞形成机制[J].电焊机,2012,42(1):22-25.GAN Yufan,LI Jinglong,XIONG Jiangtao,et al.Analysis of the Formation Mechanism of Friction Stir Welded Tunnel Holes by Infrared Thermal Imaging[J].Electric Welding Machine,2012,42(1):22-25.
[11] 鲍宏伟,李京龙,高大路,等.纯铅搅拌摩擦焊接轴肩温度变化规律研究[J].电焊机,2012,42(2):54-56.BAO Hongwei,LI Jinglong,GAO Dalu,et al.Research on Temperature Change Law of Pure Lead Friction Stir Welding Shaft Shoulder[J].Electric Welding Machine,2012,42(2):54-56.
[12] YANG D,WANG G,ZHANG G.Thermal Analysis for Single-pass Multi-layer GMAW Based Additive Manufacturing Using Infrared Thermography[J].Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2017,244:215-224.
[13] ZHANGY C,CHEN Y M,FU X B,et al.A Method for Reducing the Influence of Measuring Distance on Infrared Thermal Imager Temperature Measurement Accuracy[J].Journal of Applied Thermal Engineering,2016,100:1095-1101.
[14] POPOV V J.接触力学与摩擦学的原理及其应用[M].李强,雒建斌,译.北京:清华大学出版社,2011.POPOV V J.Contact Mechanics and Friction Physical Principles and Applications[M].LI Qiang,LUO Jianbin,Translation.Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,2011.
[15] 鄢东洋,史清宇,吴爱萍,等.搅拌摩擦焊接过程的试验测量及分析[J].焊接学报,2010,31(2):67-70.YAN Dongyang,SHI Qingyu,WU Aiping,et al.Measurement and Analysis of Friction Stir Welding Process[J].Transactions of the China Welding Institution,2010,31(2):67-70.