渤海油田疏松砂岩储层动态出砂预测
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摘要
出砂风险的准确预测是有效预防出砂的关键技术之一。目前渤海油田采用的出砂预测方法多为静态法,未考虑油田生产过程中地应力、含水饱和度、地层压力亏空和生产压差等因素变化对地层出砂的动态影响,预测结果与实际情况存在偏差,对防砂方式的设计指导偏笼统。基于储层动态出砂影响因素及机理分析,以目前渤海油田常用的定向射孔井和水平裸眼井两种完井方式为研究对象,结合井壁力学稳定性分析,建立了渤海油田疏松砂岩储层全生命周期动态出砂预测方法。该方法可充分考虑地应力、含水率、生产压差、压力亏空等关键因素对储层出砂的动态影响,实现储层开采全生命周期出砂风险动态预测和分析。应用表明,该预测方法更为精细、准确,更贴合疏松砂岩储层出砂实际情况,有助于进一步优化防砂方式,达到降本增效的目的。
The accurate prediction of the risk of sanding is a key technological measure for sanding prevention. The Bohai Oilfield currently utilizes static methods for sanding prediction, which do not account for changes in ground stress, water saturation, reservoir pressure depletion, and pressure drawdown during oil production processes, and these have dynamic effects on reservoir sanding. This results in significant difference between the sanding predictions of the methods used and reality, and these predictions only provide general guidance for sanding prevention design. In this work, we investigated commonly used well completion methods in the Bohai Oilfield, namely oriented perforating and horizontal open hole wells, and constructed a method for predicting dynamic sanding throughout the lifecycle of an unconsolidated sandstone reservoir in the Bohai Oilfield based on analyses of the factors and mechanisms governing dynamic sanding and mechanical stabilities of wellbores. Our method provides a comprehensive analysis of the dynamic effects of ground stress, water content, pressure drawdown, and pressure depletion on reservoir sanding, thus enabling dynamic predictions and analyses of sanding risks throughout the petroleum extraction lifecycle of a reservoir. In practice, it was shown that our proposed method predicted the sanding of unconsolidated sandstone reservoirs in a more precise, accurate, and realistic manner than existing methods. The findings of this study will therefore contribute to optimization of sanding prevention measures,thus reducing costs and improving productivity.
The accurate prediction of the risk of sanding is a key technological measure for sanding prevention. The Bohai Oilfield currently utilizes static methods for sanding prediction, which do not account for changes in ground stress, water saturation, reservoir pressure depletion, and pressure drawdown during oil production processes, and these have dynamic effects on reservoir sanding. This results in significant difference between the sanding predictions of the methods used and reality, and these predictions only provide general guidance for sanding prevention design. In this work, we investigated commonly used well completion methods in the Bohai Oilfield, namely oriented perforating and horizontal open hole wells, and constructed a method for predicting dynamic sanding throughout the lifecycle of an unconsolidated sandstone reservoir in the Bohai Oilfield based on analyses of the factors and mechanisms governing dynamic sanding and mechanical stabilities of wellbores. Our method provides a comprehensive analysis of the dynamic effects of ground stress, water content, pressure drawdown, and pressure depletion on reservoir sanding, thus enabling dynamic predictions and analyses of sanding risks throughout the petroleum extraction lifecycle of a reservoir. In practice, it was shown that our proposed method predicted the sanding of unconsolidated sandstone reservoirs in a more precise, accurate, and realistic manner than existing methods. The findings of this study will therefore contribute to optimization of sanding prevention measures,thus reducing costs and improving productivity.
引文
[1]刘小利,夏宏南,欧阳勇,等.出砂预测模型综述[J].断块油气田,2005, 12(4):59-61. dio:10.3969/j.issn.-1005-8907.2005.04.021LIU Xiaoli, XIA Hongnan, OUYANG Yong, et al. Overview of sand prediction model[J]. Fault-Block Oil&Gas Field.2005.12(4):59-61. dio:10.3969/j.issn.1005-8907.-2005.04.021
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[5]曾流芳,刘建军.裸眼井出砂预测模型的解析分析[J].石油钻采工艺,2002, 24(6):42-44. doi:10.3969/j.-issn.1000-7393.2002.06.016ZENG Liufang, LIU Jianjun. Analytical analgsis of sand production model of open-hole completion well[J]. Oil Drilling&Production Technology, 2002, 24(6):42-44.doi:10.3969/j.issn. 1000-7393.2002.06.016
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[7]董长银,张清华,崔明月,等.复杂条件下疏松砂岩油藏动态出砂预测研究[J].石油钻探技术,2015, 43(6):81-86. doi:10.11911/syztjs.201506015DONG Changyin,ZHANG Qinghua.CUI Mingyue,et al. A dynamic sanding prediction model for unconsolidated sandstone reserviors with complicated production conditions[J]. Petroleum Drilling Techniques, 2015,43(6):81-86. doi:10.11911/syztjs.201506015
[8]祁大晟,项琳娜,裴柏林.塔里木东河油田出砂动态预测研究[J].新疆石油地质,2008.29(3):341-343.QI Dasheng, XIANG Linna, PEI Bailin. Study on dynamic sanding prediction in Donghe Oilfiled, Tarim Basin[J].Xingjiang Petroleum Geology, 2008, 29(3):341-343.
[9]赵益忠,孙德旭,梁伟,等.考虑开发动态的定性经验出砂动态预测[J].石油钻采工艺,2013.35(5):67-70.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-7393.2013.05.020ZHAO Yizhong, SUN Dexun, LIANG Wei, et al. Research on qualitative experimental dynamic sanding prediction considering the development performance[J]. Oil Drilling&Production Technology, 2013, 35(5):67-70.doi:10.3969/j.issn. 1000-7393.2013.05.020
[10]王艳辉,刘希圣,王鸿勋.油井出砂预测技术的发展与应用综述[J].石油钻采工艺,1994, 16(5):79-85. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-7393.1994.05.019WANG Yanhui, LIU Xisheng, WANG Hongxun. The technology to predict the sand production of oil well and its applications[J]. Oil Drilling&Production Technology, 1994,16(5):79-85. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-7393.1994.05.019
[11] VEEKEN C A, DAVIES D R, KENTER C J. Sand production prediction review:Developing an intergrated approach[C].SPE22792-MS. 1991. doi:10.2118/22792-MS
[12] TIXIER M P, LOVELESS G W, ABDERSON R A. Estimation strength form the mechanical properities log[J].JPT, 1975, 27(3):283-293.
[13]练章华,刘永刚,张元泽,等.油气井出砂预测研究[J].钻采工艺,2003,26(5):30-31,36. doi:10.3969/j.issn.-1006-768X.2003.05.011LIAN Zhanghua, LIU Yonggang, ZHANG Yuanze, et al.Application of plastic strain on sand production prediction in oil well[J]. Drilling&Production Technology, 2003,26(5):30-31, 36. doi:10.3969/j.issn. 1006-768X.2003.-05.011
[14]王小鲁,杨万萍,严焕德,等.疏松砂岩出砂机理与出砂临界压差计算方法[J].天然气工业,2009, 29(7):72-75. doi:10.3787/j.issn.1000-0976.2009.07.022WANG Xiaolu,YANG Wanping,YAN Huande.et al. The sanding mechanism and sanding critical drawdown calculation in loose sandstone[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2009,29(7):72-75. doi:10.3787/j.issn. 1000-0976.2009.07.022
[15]雷征东,李相方,程时清.考虑拖曳力的出砂预测新模型及应用[J].石油钻采工艺,2006, 28(1):69-73. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-7393.2006.01.019LEI Zhengdong, LI Xiangfang, CHEN Shiqing. Modeling and application to sand prediction considering of drag force[J]. Oil Drilling&Production Technology, 2006,28(1):69-73. doi:10.3969/j.issn. 1000-7393.2006.01.019
[16]张建国,程远方,崔红英.裸眼完井出砂预测模型的建立[J].石油钻探技术,1999, 27(6):39-41. doi:10.-3969/j.issn.1001-0890.1999.06.016ZHANG Jianguo, CHEN Yuanfang, CUI Hongying. The establishment of the open hole completion sanding prediction model[J]. Petroleum Drilling Techniques, 1999,27(6):39-41. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-0890.1999.06.016
[17]伍葳,林海,谭蕊,等.压力衰竭对临界生产压差的影响及油藏产能评价[J].科学技术与工程,2013,23(13):6825-6834. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1671-1815.2013.23.031WU Wei, LIN Hai, TAN Rui, et al. The influence of pressure depletion on critical producing pressure differential and productivity evaluation of reservoirs[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2013,23(13):6825-6834. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1671-1815.2013.23.031
[18]孙强,姜春露,朱术云,等.饱水岩石水稳试验及力学特性研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2011,28(2):236-240. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-3363.2011.02.013SUN Qiang, JIANG Chunlu, ZHU Shuyun, et al. Water stability test and mechanical property of water saturated rocks[J]. Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering, 2011,28(2):236-240. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-3363.2011.02.-013
[19]林海,邓金根,胡连波,等.含水率对岩石强度及出砂影响研究[J].科学技术与工程,2013,13(13):3710-3713.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1671-1815.2013.13.036LIN Hai, DENG Jingen, HU Lianbo, et al. Study on the effect of water content on rock strength and sand production[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2013,13(13):3710-3713. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1671-1815.2013.-13.036
[20]郭云民,李健康,崔洁,等.高含水期油井出砂预测模型的研究与应用[J].油气地质与采收率,2005, 12(3):58-61. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1009-9603.2005.03.018GUO Yunmin, LI Jiankang, CUI Jie, et al. Research and application of sanding prediction model for high water-cut oil wells[J]. Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2005, 12(3):58-61. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1009-9603.2005.-03.018
[21]王彦利,陈小凡,邓生辉,等.疏松砂岩临界出砂压差的计算方法研究及应用[J].西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2009,31(1):78-80. doi:10.3863/j.issn. 1674-5086.2009.01.019WANG Yanli,CHEN Xiaofan,DENG Shenghui,et al. The calculation method study and application of the critical sand production pressure difference in loose sandstone[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum University(Science&Technology Edition), 2009, 31(1):78-80. doi:10.3863/j.-issn.1674-5086.2009.01.019
[22]刘向君,罗平亚.岩石力学与石油工程[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2004.LIU Xiangjun, LUO Pingci. Rock mechanics and petroleum engineering[J]. Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2004.
[23]练章华,杨龙,段永刚,等.塑性应变准则在油井出砂预测中的应用[J].西南石油学院学报,2003.25(4):16-18. doi:10.3863/j.issn.1674-5086.2003.04.005LIAN Zhanghua,YANG Long,DUAN Yonggang,et al.Application of plastic strain on prediction of sand production in oil well[J]. Journal of Southwest Petroleum Insititute, 2003, 25(4):16-18. doi:10.3863/j.issn. 1674-5086.-2003.04.005
[2]夏宏泉,胡南,朱荣东.基于生产压差的深层气层出砂预测[J].西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2010,32(6):79-83. doi:10.3863/j.issn.1674-5086.2010.06.-016XIA Hongquan, HU Nan, ZHU Rongdong, et al. Sanding prediction of the deep gas reservoir based on producing pressure difference[J]. Journal of Southwest Petroleum University(Science&Technology Edition), 2010,32(6):79-83. doi:10.3863/j.issn. 1674-5086.2010.06.016
[3]吕广忠,陆先亮,栾志安,等.油井出砂预测方法研究进展[J].油气地质与采收率,2002, 9(6):55-57. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1009-9603.2002.06.020LU Guangzhong, LU Xianliang, LUAN Zhian, et al. The research progress of the well sanding prediction method[J]. Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency, 2002,9(6):55-57. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1009-9603.2002.06.020
[4]左星,申军武,李薇,等.油井出砂预测方法综述[J].西部探矿工程,2006, 18(12):93-96. doi:10.3969/j.issn.-1009-9603.2002.06.020ZUO Xing, SHEN Junwu, LI Wei, et al. Overview of the well sanding prediction method[J]. West-China Exploration Engineering, 2006, 18(12):93-96. doi:10.3969/j.-issn.1009-9603.2002.06.020
[5]曾流芳,刘建军.裸眼井出砂预测模型的解析分析[J].石油钻采工艺,2002, 24(6):42-44. doi:10.3969/j.-issn.1000-7393.2002.06.016ZENG Liufang, LIU Jianjun. Analytical analgsis of sand production model of open-hole completion well[J]. Oil Drilling&Production Technology, 2002, 24(6):42-44.doi:10.3969/j.issn. 1000-7393.2002.06.016
[6]周建良,李敏,王平双.油气田出砂预测方法[J].中国海上油气(工程),1997, 9(4):26-36.ZHOU Jianliang, LI Min, WANG Pingshuang. Sanding prediction method of oil&gas feed[J]. China Offshore Oil and Gas(Engineering), 1997, 9(4):26-36.
[7]董长银,张清华,崔明月,等.复杂条件下疏松砂岩油藏动态出砂预测研究[J].石油钻探技术,2015, 43(6):81-86. doi:10.11911/syztjs.201506015DONG Changyin,ZHANG Qinghua.CUI Mingyue,et al. A dynamic sanding prediction model for unconsolidated sandstone reserviors with complicated production conditions[J]. Petroleum Drilling Techniques, 2015,43(6):81-86. doi:10.11911/syztjs.201506015
[8]祁大晟,项琳娜,裴柏林.塔里木东河油田出砂动态预测研究[J].新疆石油地质,2008.29(3):341-343.QI Dasheng, XIANG Linna, PEI Bailin. Study on dynamic sanding prediction in Donghe Oilfiled, Tarim Basin[J].Xingjiang Petroleum Geology, 2008, 29(3):341-343.
[9]赵益忠,孙德旭,梁伟,等.考虑开发动态的定性经验出砂动态预测[J].石油钻采工艺,2013.35(5):67-70.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-7393.2013.05.020ZHAO Yizhong, SUN Dexun, LIANG Wei, et al. Research on qualitative experimental dynamic sanding prediction considering the development performance[J]. Oil Drilling&Production Technology, 2013, 35(5):67-70.doi:10.3969/j.issn. 1000-7393.2013.05.020
[10]王艳辉,刘希圣,王鸿勋.油井出砂预测技术的发展与应用综述[J].石油钻采工艺,1994, 16(5):79-85. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-7393.1994.05.019WANG Yanhui, LIU Xisheng, WANG Hongxun. The technology to predict the sand production of oil well and its applications[J]. Oil Drilling&Production Technology, 1994,16(5):79-85. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-7393.1994.05.019
[11] VEEKEN C A, DAVIES D R, KENTER C J. Sand production prediction review:Developing an intergrated approach[C].SPE22792-MS. 1991. doi:10.2118/22792-MS
[12] TIXIER M P, LOVELESS G W, ABDERSON R A. Estimation strength form the mechanical properities log[J].JPT, 1975, 27(3):283-293.
[13]练章华,刘永刚,张元泽,等.油气井出砂预测研究[J].钻采工艺,2003,26(5):30-31,36. doi:10.3969/j.issn.-1006-768X.2003.05.011LIAN Zhanghua, LIU Yonggang, ZHANG Yuanze, et al.Application of plastic strain on sand production prediction in oil well[J]. Drilling&Production Technology, 2003,26(5):30-31, 36. doi:10.3969/j.issn. 1006-768X.2003.-05.011
[14]王小鲁,杨万萍,严焕德,等.疏松砂岩出砂机理与出砂临界压差计算方法[J].天然气工业,2009, 29(7):72-75. doi:10.3787/j.issn.1000-0976.2009.07.022WANG Xiaolu,YANG Wanping,YAN Huande.et al. The sanding mechanism and sanding critical drawdown calculation in loose sandstone[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2009,29(7):72-75. doi:10.3787/j.issn. 1000-0976.2009.07.022
[15]雷征东,李相方,程时清.考虑拖曳力的出砂预测新模型及应用[J].石油钻采工艺,2006, 28(1):69-73. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-7393.2006.01.019LEI Zhengdong, LI Xiangfang, CHEN Shiqing. Modeling and application to sand prediction considering of drag force[J]. Oil Drilling&Production Technology, 2006,28(1):69-73. doi:10.3969/j.issn. 1000-7393.2006.01.019
[16]张建国,程远方,崔红英.裸眼完井出砂预测模型的建立[J].石油钻探技术,1999, 27(6):39-41. doi:10.-3969/j.issn.1001-0890.1999.06.016ZHANG Jianguo, CHEN Yuanfang, CUI Hongying. The establishment of the open hole completion sanding prediction model[J]. Petroleum Drilling Techniques, 1999,27(6):39-41. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-0890.1999.06.016
[17]伍葳,林海,谭蕊,等.压力衰竭对临界生产压差的影响及油藏产能评价[J].科学技术与工程,2013,23(13):6825-6834. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1671-1815.2013.23.031WU Wei, LIN Hai, TAN Rui, et al. The influence of pressure depletion on critical producing pressure differential and productivity evaluation of reservoirs[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2013,23(13):6825-6834. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1671-1815.2013.23.031
[18]孙强,姜春露,朱术云,等.饱水岩石水稳试验及力学特性研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2011,28(2):236-240. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-3363.2011.02.013SUN Qiang, JIANG Chunlu, ZHU Shuyun, et al. Water stability test and mechanical property of water saturated rocks[J]. Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering, 2011,28(2):236-240. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-3363.2011.02.-013
[19]林海,邓金根,胡连波,等.含水率对岩石强度及出砂影响研究[J].科学技术与工程,2013,13(13):3710-3713.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1671-1815.2013.13.036LIN Hai, DENG Jingen, HU Lianbo, et al. Study on the effect of water content on rock strength and sand production[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2013,13(13):3710-3713. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1671-1815.2013.-13.036
[20]郭云民,李健康,崔洁,等.高含水期油井出砂预测模型的研究与应用[J].油气地质与采收率,2005, 12(3):58-61. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1009-9603.2005.03.018GUO Yunmin, LI Jiankang, CUI Jie, et al. Research and application of sanding prediction model for high water-cut oil wells[J]. Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2005, 12(3):58-61. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1009-9603.2005.-03.018
[21]王彦利,陈小凡,邓生辉,等.疏松砂岩临界出砂压差的计算方法研究及应用[J].西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2009,31(1):78-80. doi:10.3863/j.issn. 1674-5086.2009.01.019WANG Yanli,CHEN Xiaofan,DENG Shenghui,et al. The calculation method study and application of the critical sand production pressure difference in loose sandstone[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum University(Science&Technology Edition), 2009, 31(1):78-80. doi:10.3863/j.-issn.1674-5086.2009.01.019
[22]刘向君,罗平亚.岩石力学与石油工程[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2004.LIU Xiangjun, LUO Pingci. Rock mechanics and petroleum engineering[J]. Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2004.
[23]练章华,杨龙,段永刚,等.塑性应变准则在油井出砂预测中的应用[J].西南石油学院学报,2003.25(4):16-18. doi:10.3863/j.issn.1674-5086.2003.04.005LIAN Zhanghua,YANG Long,DUAN Yonggang,et al.Application of plastic strain on prediction of sand production in oil well[J]. Journal of Southwest Petroleum Insititute, 2003, 25(4):16-18. doi:10.3863/j.issn. 1674-5086.-2003.04.005