2015年山东部分地区食用植物油中黄曲霉毒素B_1和玉米赤霉烯酮污染状况调查
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摘要
目的了解山东省部分地区食用植物油中黄曲霉毒素B_1和玉米赤霉烯酮的污染状况,为食品安全监督管理提供科学依据。方法在山东省部分市/县采集256份食用植物油,酶联免疫吸附法检测AFB_1和ZEN的含量,并根据食品安全国家标准食品中真菌毒素限量分析植物油中的AFB_1和ZEN污染状况。结果 256份样品中,AFB_1和ZEN检出率分别为44.5%、72.1%,超标率分别为7.2%、6.0%,中位数分别为0.0、4.9μg/kg。定型包装和散装油中,AFB_1超标率分别为0.0%、9.2%,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=4.55,P<0.05),中位数分别为0.6μg/kg、0.0μg/kg;ZEN超标率分别为10.2%、4.9%,中位数分别为5.1μg/kg、4.8μg/kg。各城市间AFB_1总体来说差异有统计学意义(χ~2=32.31,P<0.05);ZEN在不同地区间差异无统计学意义(χ~2=16.06,P>0.05)。花生油和大豆油中AFB_1超标率分别为16.2%、2.6%,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=8.93,P<0.05),其他种类植物油中未发现超标;花生油、大豆油、玉米胚芽油、香油、调和油ZEN的超标率分别为1%、1.3%、100.0%、8.7%、20.0%,各类食用油中ZEN超标率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论山东部分地区食用植物油中AFB_1和ZEN污染严重,其中以散装油污染最为严重。花生油中AFB_1、玉米油中ZEN污染严重,建议相关部门加强市场散装油的监管。
Objective To investigate aflatoxin B_1(AFB_1) and zearalenone(ZEN) contamination status in edible oil, so as to provide scientific basis for the supervision and administration of food safety. Methods A total of 265 edible oil samples were collected in Shandong province. AFB_1 and ZEN were detected in edible oil by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). The pollution statuses of AFB_1 and ZEN in edible oil were judged according to the national food safety standard. Results Within 265 edible oil samples, the detection rates of AFB_1 and ZEN were 44.5% and 72.1%. The exceeding standard rates of AFB_1 and ZEN were 7.2% and 6.0%, and the median were 0.0 and 4.9 μg/kg, respectively. Totally 9.2% samples were exceeded the maximum level of AFB_1 in bulk oil, but it was not found in the packaged oil, and the difference was statistically significant(χ~2=4.55, P<0.05). The median were 0.6 μg/kg and 0.0 μg/kg. The exceeding standard rates of ZEN in packaged oil and bulk oil were 10.2% and 4.9%, and the median were 5.1 μg/kg and 4.8 μg/kg. Significant differences were found about AFB_1 between different cities(χ~2=32.31, P<0.05). There was no statistical difference of ZEN between different regions(χ~2=16.06, P>0.05). The exceeding standard rates of AFB_1 in peanut oil and soybean oil were 16.2% and 2.6%(P<0.05). The exceeding standard rates of ZEN in peanut oil, soybean oil, corn germ oil, sesame oil and blend oil were 1%, 1.3%, 100.0%, 8.7%, and 20.0%(P<0.05). Conclusion Contaminations of AFB_1 and ZEN in edible oil in Shandong are serious, especially the oil in bulk. Peanut oil is easily contaminated by AFB_1 and corn oil is easily contaminated by ZEN. So the regulation of security for oil in bulk should be improved.
Objective To investigate aflatoxin B_1(AFB_1) and zearalenone(ZEN) contamination status in edible oil, so as to provide scientific basis for the supervision and administration of food safety. Methods A total of 265 edible oil samples were collected in Shandong province. AFB_1 and ZEN were detected in edible oil by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). The pollution statuses of AFB_1 and ZEN in edible oil were judged according to the national food safety standard. Results Within 265 edible oil samples, the detection rates of AFB_1 and ZEN were 44.5% and 72.1%. The exceeding standard rates of AFB_1 and ZEN were 7.2% and 6.0%, and the median were 0.0 and 4.9 μg/kg, respectively. Totally 9.2% samples were exceeded the maximum level of AFB_1 in bulk oil, but it was not found in the packaged oil, and the difference was statistically significant(χ~2=4.55, P<0.05). The median were 0.6 μg/kg and 0.0 μg/kg. The exceeding standard rates of ZEN in packaged oil and bulk oil were 10.2% and 4.9%, and the median were 5.1 μg/kg and 4.8 μg/kg. Significant differences were found about AFB_1 between different cities(χ~2=32.31, P<0.05). There was no statistical difference of ZEN between different regions(χ~2=16.06, P>0.05). The exceeding standard rates of AFB_1 in peanut oil and soybean oil were 16.2% and 2.6%(P<0.05). The exceeding standard rates of ZEN in peanut oil, soybean oil, corn germ oil, sesame oil and blend oil were 1%, 1.3%, 100.0%, 8.7%, and 20.0%(P<0.05). Conclusion Contaminations of AFB_1 and ZEN in edible oil in Shandong are serious, especially the oil in bulk. Peanut oil is easily contaminated by AFB_1 and corn oil is easily contaminated by ZEN. So the regulation of security for oil in bulk should be improved.
引文
[1]张艺兵,鲍蕾,褚庆华.农产品中真菌毒素的检测分析[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2006.Zhang YB,Bao L,Chu QH.Detection and analysis of fungal toxins in agricultural products[M].Beijing:Chemical Industry Press,2006.
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[8]GB 2761-2017食品安全国家标准食品中真菌毒素限量[S]GB 2761-2017 National Food Safety Standard-Fungal toxins limited in food[S]
[9]GB 5009.22-2016食品安全国家标准食品中黄曲霉毒素B族和G族的测定[S]GB 5009.22-2016 National Food Safety Standard-Determination of aflatoxin B1 in foods[S]
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[11]刘展华,唐振柱,钟延旭,等.2014年广西城乡食用植物油黄曲霉毒素B1污染水平调查[J].应用预防医学,2015,21(6):377-380.Liu ZH,Tang ZZ,Zhong YX,et al.Investigation of aflatoxin B1 level in edible vegetable oil in the urban and rural areas of Guangxi in 2014[J].J Appl Prev Med,2015,21(6):377-380.
[12]陈萍,邓冬云,欧阳静茹,等.酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定花生油中的黄曲霉毒素B1[J].中国卫生检验杂志,2012,(3):658-659.Chen P,Deng DY,Ouyang JR,et al.Determination of aflatoxin B1 in peanut oils by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay[J].Chin J Health Lab Technol,2012,(3):658-659.
[13]兰珊珊,刘宏程,梅文泉,等.酶联免疫法测定不同食用植物油中黄曲霉毒素B1[J].粮食与油脂,2010,(4):39-41.Lan SS,Liu HC,Mei WQ,et al.Determination of aflatoxin B1 in edible vegetable oil by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay[J].Cereals Oils,2010,(4):39-41.
[14]谢丹,邓春丽,赵云峰,等.北京地区部分市售食用植物油中玉米赤霉烯酮和脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇的污染状况分析[J].食品安全质量检测学报,2016,7(5):2105-2113.Xie D,Deng CL,Zhao YF,et al.Investigation of the contamination status of zearalenone and deoxynivalenol in edible oil[J].J Food Saf Qual,2016,7(5):2105-2113.
[15]王月华,孙冬梅,温江涛,等.玉米油生产过程中对玉米赤霉烯酮及呕吐毒素的影响[J].粮食与食品工业,2015,(4):19-22.Wang YH,Sun DG,Wen JT,et al.Influences of corn oil production process on corn gibberellic ketene and vomiting toxins[J].Cereal Food Ind,2015,(4):19-22.
[2]Parkin DM,Bray F,Ferlay J,et al.Global cancer statistics,2002[J].CA:A Cancer J Clin,2005,55(2):74-108.
[3]Bennett JW,Klich M.Mycotoxins[J].Clin Microbiol Rev,2003,16(3):497-516.
[4]Klich,Maren A.Aspergillus flavus:The major producer of aflatoxin[J].Mol Plant Pathol,2007,8(6):713-722.
[5]姜淑贞,杨维仁,杨在宾.玉米赤霉烯酮的代谢、毒性及其预防措施[J].动物营养学报,2011,23(2):196-202.Jiang SZ,Yang WR,Yang ZB.The metabolism,toxicity and preventive measures of zearalenone[J].Chin J Anim Nutr,2011,23(2):196-202.
[6]李明辉,刘涛,王祥峰,等.山东粮食生产问题刍议[J].山东农业科学,2014,(10):133-136.Li MH,Liu T,Wang XF,et al.The discussion of Shandong grain production problem[J].Shandong Agric Sci,2014,(10):133-136.
[7]万书波.山东省油料作物产业发展的现状、问题与对策[J].山东经济战略研究,2008,(8):22-24.Wan SB.The present situation,problems and countermeasures of oil crop industry in Shandong province[J].Shandong Econ Strat Res,2008,(8):22-24.
[8]GB 2761-2017食品安全国家标准食品中真菌毒素限量[S]GB 2761-2017 National Food Safety Standard-Fungal toxins limited in food[S]
[9]GB 5009.22-2016食品安全国家标准食品中黄曲霉毒素B族和G族的测定[S]GB 5009.22-2016 National Food Safety Standard-Determination of aflatoxin B1 in foods[S]
[10]胡佳薇,田丽,王彩霞,等.2012~2015年陕西省市售食品中黄曲霉毒素的污染调查[J].卫生研究,2016,45(5):762-765.Hu JW,Tian L,Wang CX,et al.Analysis on contamination of aflatoxins in food samples in Shanxi province from 2012~2015[J].J Hyg Res,2016,45(5):762-765.
[11]刘展华,唐振柱,钟延旭,等.2014年广西城乡食用植物油黄曲霉毒素B1污染水平调查[J].应用预防医学,2015,21(6):377-380.Liu ZH,Tang ZZ,Zhong YX,et al.Investigation of aflatoxin B1 level in edible vegetable oil in the urban and rural areas of Guangxi in 2014[J].J Appl Prev Med,2015,21(6):377-380.
[12]陈萍,邓冬云,欧阳静茹,等.酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定花生油中的黄曲霉毒素B1[J].中国卫生检验杂志,2012,(3):658-659.Chen P,Deng DY,Ouyang JR,et al.Determination of aflatoxin B1 in peanut oils by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay[J].Chin J Health Lab Technol,2012,(3):658-659.
[13]兰珊珊,刘宏程,梅文泉,等.酶联免疫法测定不同食用植物油中黄曲霉毒素B1[J].粮食与油脂,2010,(4):39-41.Lan SS,Liu HC,Mei WQ,et al.Determination of aflatoxin B1 in edible vegetable oil by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay[J].Cereals Oils,2010,(4):39-41.
[14]谢丹,邓春丽,赵云峰,等.北京地区部分市售食用植物油中玉米赤霉烯酮和脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇的污染状况分析[J].食品安全质量检测学报,2016,7(5):2105-2113.Xie D,Deng CL,Zhao YF,et al.Investigation of the contamination status of zearalenone and deoxynivalenol in edible oil[J].J Food Saf Qual,2016,7(5):2105-2113.
[15]王月华,孙冬梅,温江涛,等.玉米油生产过程中对玉米赤霉烯酮及呕吐毒素的影响[J].粮食与食品工业,2015,(4):19-22.Wang YH,Sun DG,Wen JT,et al.Influences of corn oil production process on corn gibberellic ketene and vomiting toxins[J].Cereal Food Ind,2015,(4):19-22.