坝体溃决过程与溃坝洪水演进耦合数值模拟
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摘要
研究坝体的溃决过程与溃坝洪水演进对于处置由溃坝引起的洪水灾害、提升水利安全具有重要的意义。鉴于目前大多模型均将坝体溃决过程与溃坝洪水演进分别进行模拟,不能反映土体与水流相互耦合的特点,模拟结果精度有限。基于对土体有限抗冲能力的考虑,选取双曲线型冲蚀速率表达式描述坝体冲蚀、采用简化Bishop法搜索临界滑裂面描述溃口边坡坍塌和具有总变差不增特性的MacCormack有限体积法离散控制方程,建立了坝体溃决过程与溃坝洪水演进耦合的平面二维数值模型。实际算例表明模型合理地模拟了溃口的发展过程与洪水演进过程,在溃口急缓流转换区展现了较强稳定性,守恒性良好,可作为溃坝洪水风险评估与洪灾预报的有力工具。
The study of dam break process and dam break flood routing is of great significance for dealing with flood disasters caused by dam break and improving water security. Most models at present could not reflect the interaction between soil and water flow by only simulating dam break process or flood routing,hence resulting in a limited accuracy. In this article,a 2-D numerical model coupling dam break process and flood routing was established in consideration of the finite erosion resistance of soil. The erosion rate expressions of hyperbolic type was employed to describe the rate of dam erosion; simplified Bishop method was adopted to search the critical slip surface for describing slope collapse at breach; and the Mac-Cormack finite volume method with total variation diminishing was adopted to discrete the control equations. A computation example demonstrates that the model could reasonably simulate the process of breach development and the flood routing process with strong stability and good conservativeness in breach transition zone from rapid flow to slow flow. The model can be used as a powerful tool for flood risk assessment and flood disaster forecast.
The study of dam break process and dam break flood routing is of great significance for dealing with flood disasters caused by dam break and improving water security. Most models at present could not reflect the interaction between soil and water flow by only simulating dam break process or flood routing,hence resulting in a limited accuracy. In this article,a 2-D numerical model coupling dam break process and flood routing was established in consideration of the finite erosion resistance of soil. The erosion rate expressions of hyperbolic type was employed to describe the rate of dam erosion; simplified Bishop method was adopted to search the critical slip surface for describing slope collapse at breach; and the Mac-Cormack finite volume method with total variation diminishing was adopted to discrete the control equations. A computation example demonstrates that the model could reasonably simulate the process of breach development and the flood routing process with strong stability and good conservativeness in breach transition zone from rapid flow to slow flow. The model can be used as a powerful tool for flood risk assessment and flood disaster forecast.
引文
[1]刘宁.21世纪中国水坝安全管理、退役与建设的若干问题[J].中国水利,2004,(23):27-30.
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[8]夏军强,王光谦,LIN Bin-liang,等.复杂边界及实际地形上溃坝洪水流动过程模拟[J].水科学进展,2010,21(3):289-298.
[9]杨志,冯民权.溃口近区二维数值模拟与溃坝洪水演进耦合[J].水利水运工程学报,2015,(1):8-19.
[10]岳志远,曹志先,闫军.滑坡体溃决洪水数学模型研究[J].水动力学研究与进展,2008,23(5):492-500.
[11]李相南,陈祖煜.两种溃坝模型在唐家山堰塞湖溃决模拟中的对比[J].水利水电科技进展,2017,(2):20-26.
[12]YEE H C.Explicit and Implicit Multidimensional Compact High-resolution Shock-capturing Methods:Formulation[J].Journal of Computational Physics,1997,131(1):216-232.
[13]YEE H C,SJGREE B.Adaptive Filtering and Limiting in Compact High Order Methods for Multiscale Gas Dynamics and MHD Systems[J].Computers&Fluids,2008,37(5):593-619.
[2]HANSON G J,ROBINSON K M,COOK K R.Prediction of Headcut Migration Using a Deterministic Approach[J].Transactions of ASAE,2001,44(3):525-531.
[3]TEMPLE D M,MOORE J S.Headcut Advance Prediction for Earth Spillways[J].Transactions of the ASAE,1997,40(3):557-562.
[4]朱勇辉,廖鸿志,吴中如.国外土坝溃坝模拟综述[J].长江科学院院报,2003,20(2):26-29.
[5]陈生水,方绪顺,钟启明,等.土石坝漫顶溃坝过程离心模型试验与数值模拟[J].岩土工程学报,2014,(5):922-932
[6]FRACCAROLLO L,TORO E F.Experimental and Numerical Assessment of the Shallow Water Model for Two-dimensional Dam-break Type Problems[J].Journal of Hydraulic Research,1995,33(6):843-864.
[7]崔丹,槐文信,姜治兵.溃坝洪水演进的数值模拟[J].华中科技大学学报(自然科学版),2012,(7):34-37.
[8]夏军强,王光谦,LIN Bin-liang,等.复杂边界及实际地形上溃坝洪水流动过程模拟[J].水科学进展,2010,21(3):289-298.
[9]杨志,冯民权.溃口近区二维数值模拟与溃坝洪水演进耦合[J].水利水运工程学报,2015,(1):8-19.
[10]岳志远,曹志先,闫军.滑坡体溃决洪水数学模型研究[J].水动力学研究与进展,2008,23(5):492-500.
[11]李相南,陈祖煜.两种溃坝模型在唐家山堰塞湖溃决模拟中的对比[J].水利水电科技进展,2017,(2):20-26.
[12]YEE H C.Explicit and Implicit Multidimensional Compact High-resolution Shock-capturing Methods:Formulation[J].Journal of Computational Physics,1997,131(1):216-232.
[13]YEE H C,SJGREE B.Adaptive Filtering and Limiting in Compact High Order Methods for Multiscale Gas Dynamics and MHD Systems[J].Computers&Fluids,2008,37(5):593-619.