高钠煤化学链燃烧特性及煤焦气化反应动力学研究
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摘要
采用连续提取法对新疆准东高钠煤进行萃取处理,制备含有不同存在形式钠元素的准东煤样品,在小型流化床上考察了水溶性钠、醋酸铵溶性钠和稀盐酸溶性钠对于准东煤化学链燃烧特性的影响。结果表明,去除水溶性钠后准东煤化学链燃烧产物中含碳气体相对浓度显著提高,相同时刻碳转化率明显提高。而经过醋酸铵和稀盐酸处理后的准东煤相比未处理的准东煤,其化学链燃烧反应性能显著降低。对四种不同处理程度准东煤焦的等温气化反应进行动力学分析表明,WW-ZDJ与水蒸气的气化反应的活化能最小,HAW-ZDJ的气化反应活化能最大。水溶性钠对于准东煤化学链燃烧过程具有抑制作用,而醋酸铵和稀盐酸溶性的钠在准东煤的化学链燃烧过程中促进作用显著。
The continuous extraction method was used to extract the Zhundong high-sodium coal from Xinjiang,and the Zhundong coal samples containing different forms of sodium were prepared.The water-soluble sodium,ammonium acetate-soluble sodium and dilute hydrochloric acid-soluble sodium were investigated on a small fluidized bed.The results showed that the concentrations of carbonaceous gases and carbon conversion efficiency were significantly improved for water-washed ZD(WW-ZD)compared with untreated ZD.However,poor reaction properties of ammonium acetate washed ZD(AAW-ZD)and hydrochloric acid washed ZD(HAW-ZD)were obtained during a CLC process.The kinetics analysis on the isothermal gasification of ZD char with different extraction level was also investigated.The results showed that the activation energy of WW-ZD-H_2O was minimal while the activation energy of HAW-ZD-H_2O was maximum.It indicated that the H_2O-soluble sodium plays a prohibitive role during the CLC of ZD,while the CH_3COONH_4-soluble sodium and HCl-soluble sodium have a distinct promotion effect on CLC combustion performance of ZD.
The continuous extraction method was used to extract the Zhundong high-sodium coal from Xinjiang,and the Zhundong coal samples containing different forms of sodium were prepared.The water-soluble sodium,ammonium acetate-soluble sodium and dilute hydrochloric acid-soluble sodium were investigated on a small fluidized bed.The results showed that the concentrations of carbonaceous gases and carbon conversion efficiency were significantly improved for water-washed ZD(WW-ZD)compared with untreated ZD.However,poor reaction properties of ammonium acetate washed ZD(AAW-ZD)and hydrochloric acid washed ZD(HAW-ZD)were obtained during a CLC process.The kinetics analysis on the isothermal gasification of ZD char with different extraction level was also investigated.The results showed that the activation energy of WW-ZD-H_2O was minimal while the activation energy of HAW-ZD-H_2O was maximum.It indicated that the H_2O-soluble sodium plays a prohibitive role during the CLC of ZD,while the CH_3COONH_4-soluble sodium and HCl-soluble sodium have a distinct promotion effect on CLC combustion performance of ZD.
引文
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[2]International Energy Agency.World Energy Outlook 2016[M].Paris Google Scholar,2016.
[3]Ye D P,Agnew J B,Zhang D K.Gasification of a South Australian low-rank coal with carbon dioxide and steam:kinetics and reactivity studies[J].Fuel,1998,77(11):1209-1219.
[4]Zhang D K,Agnew J B,Manzoori A R.Fluid bed gasification of Australian low-rank coal[C]//Proceedings of the Japan-Australia Joint Technical Meeting on Coal.Adelaide,Australia,1995:6-7.
[5]兰泽全.煤和黑液水煤浆沾污结渣机理及灰沉积动态特性研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2004.Lan Z Q.Black liquor coal water slurry's combustion characteristics and fouling/slagging performance[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2004.
[6]周永刚,薛志亮,陈坚强,等.高钠煤掺烧对某660MW机组锅炉炉膛结渣影响的测量[J].热力发电,2017,46(7):38-45.Zhou Y G,Xue Z L,Chen J Q,et al.Influence of cofiring high sodium coal on slagging in furnace of a 660 MW unit ultrasupercritical boiler[J].Thermal Power Generation,2017,46(7):38-45.
[7]Wang L,Hustad J E,Skreiberg?,et al.A critical review on additives to reduce ash related operation problems in biomass combustion applications[J].Energy Procedia,2012,20:20-29.
[8]沈铭科,邱坤赞,黄镇宇,等.准东煤掺烧高岭土对固钠率及灰熔融特性影响研究[J].燃料化学学报,2015,43(9):1044-1051.Shen M K,Qiu K Z,Huang Z Y,et al.Influence of kaolin on sodium retention and ash fusion characteristic during combustion of Zhundong coal[J].J.Fuel Chem.Technol.,2015,43(9):1044-1051.
[9]Lewis W K,Gilliland E R.Production of pure carbon dioxide:US2665972[P].1954.
[10]Richter H,Knoche K.Reversibility of combustion processes[J].ACS Symp.Ser.,1983,235:71-86.
[11]Ishida M,Jin H.A new advanced power-generation system using chemical-looping combustion[J].Energy,1994,19(4):415-422.
[12]Song T,Shen L.Review of reactor for chemical looping combustion of solid fuels[J].International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control,2018,76:92-110.
[13]Yan J,Shen L,Ou Z,et al.Enhancing the performance of iron ore by introducing K and Na ions from biomass ashes in a CLC process[J].Energy,2019,167:168-180.
[14]Gu H,Shen L,Zhang S,et al.Enhanced fuel conversion by staging oxidization in a continuous chemical looping reactor based on iron ore oxygen carrier[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2018,334:829-836.
[15]葛晖骏,沈来宏,顾海明,等.天然铁矿石为载氧体的准东煤化学链燃烧特性[J].燃料化学学报,2016,44(2):184-191.Ge H J,Shen L H,Gu H M,et al.Characteristics of Zhundong coal in chemical looping combustion with natural hematite as oxygen carrier[J].J.Fuel Chem.Technol.,2016,44(2):184-191.
[16]Cuvilas C A,Yang W.Spruce pretreatment for thermal application:water,alkaline,and diluted acid hydrolysis[J].Energy&Fuels,2012,26(10):6426-6431.
[17]Zhang J,Han C L,Yan Z,et al.The varying characterization of alkali metals(Na,K)from coal during the initial stage of coal combustion[J].Energy&Fuels,2001,15(4):786-793.
[18]Sugawara K,Enda Y,Inoue H,et al.Dynamic behavior of trace elements during pyrolysis of coals[J].Fuel,2002,81(11/12):1439-1443.
[19]Marek E J,Zheng Y,Scott S A.Enhancement of char gasification in CO2during chemical looping combustion[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2018,354:137-148.
[20]Abad A,de Las Obras-Loscertales M,García-Labiano F,et al.In situ gasification chemical-looping combustion of coal using limestone as oxygen carrier precursor and sulphur sorbent[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2017,310:226-239.
[21]Yan J,Shen L,Jiang S,et al.Combustion performance of sewage sludge in a novel CLC system with a two-stage fuel reactor[J].Energy&Fuels,2017,31(11):12570-12581.
[22]Wei X,Huang J,Liu T,et al.Transformation of alkali metals during pyrolysis and gasification of a lignite[J].Energy&Fuels,2008,22(3):1840-1844.
[23]Gu H,Shen L,Zhong Z,et al.Interaction between biomass ash and iron ore oxygen carrier during chemical looping combustion[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2015,277:70-78.
[24]Zhang S,Shen L,Xiao J,et al.Effects of alkali and transition metals loaded on iron ore on chemical looping combustion with coal[C]//Proceedings of the 9th China-Korea Workshop on Clean Energy Technology.Huangshan,China,2012.
[25]梁秀俊,阎维平.O2/CO2气氛下煤焦燃烧反应动力学特性试验研究[J].华东电力,2009,(12):2104-2018.Liang X J,Yan W P.Experimental study of kinetics of coal char combustion characteristics under mixed O2/CO2atmosphere[J].East China Electric Power,2009,(12):2104-2018.
[26]安国银,米翠丽.几种恒定高温下混煤燃烧反应动力学模型对比[J].热力发电,2016,(5):9-15.An G Y,Mi C L.Comparative study on several combustion dynamic models of coal blends at constant high temperature[J].Thermal Power Generation,2016,(5):9-15.
[27]Smith I W.The combustion rates of coal chars:a review[J].Symposium(International)on Combustion,1982,19(1):1045-1065.
[28]任轶舟,王亦飞,朱龙雏,等.高温煤焦气化反应的LangmuirHinshelwood动力学模型[J].化工学报,2014,65(10):3906-3915.Ren Y Z,Wang Y F,Zhu L C,et al.Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetic model of high temperature coal char gasification reaction[J].CIESC Journal,2014,65(10):3906-3915.