基于气象要素影响的柑橘定量滴灌模型研究
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摘要
为了准确估算柑橘水肥一体化的滴灌量,实现手机APP远程操控滴灌起止时间。基于广西桂林1994—2015年柑橘物候期与同期气象条件的分析,构建了桂林柑橘不同生育期土壤需水量模型及降水量等气象要素与土壤重量含水率变化的转化算法模式,给出了柑橘滴灌量技术流程。应用模型估算广西农垦国有明阳农场(南宁)柑橘种植示范园区1997年3月干旱时的滴灌量。结果表明:应用模型估算滴灌量比传统模型节水40%以上。此结果对"气象监测预报信息+规模化生产管理设施+生产信息反馈与互动"创新服务模式有积极参考意义。
To accurately estimate the drip amount of irrigation and fertilization of citrus, and to realize the remote control of start and end time for drip irrigation by mobile APP, we constructed the water requirement model at different growing stages of citrus in Guilin and conversion algorithm modes between meteorological factors(such as precipitation) and soil weight moisture capacity on the basis of analyzing the citrus phenological period from 1994 to 2015 in Guilin and the meteorological conditions; in addition, we clarified the drip irrigation technology process of citrus, and estimated the amount of drip irrigation in a citrus planting demonstration base of Nanning by applying the model to the drought occurred in March 1997. The results showed that: the model for estimating the amount of drip irrigation could save more than 40% water compared with the traditional model. It has significant reference for building the innovative service mode of"weather monitoring and forecasting information + large-scale production management facilities + feedback and interaction of production information".
To accurately estimate the drip amount of irrigation and fertilization of citrus, and to realize the remote control of start and end time for drip irrigation by mobile APP, we constructed the water requirement model at different growing stages of citrus in Guilin and conversion algorithm modes between meteorological factors(such as precipitation) and soil weight moisture capacity on the basis of analyzing the citrus phenological period from 1994 to 2015 in Guilin and the meteorological conditions; in addition, we clarified the drip irrigation technology process of citrus, and estimated the amount of drip irrigation in a citrus planting demonstration base of Nanning by applying the model to the drought occurred in March 1997. The results showed that: the model for estimating the amount of drip irrigation could save more than 40% water compared with the traditional model. It has significant reference for building the innovative service mode of"weather monitoring and forecasting information + large-scale production management facilities + feedback and interaction of production information".
引文
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[5]张印平,郭昌东.桂林市气候变暖特征及其对柑桔物候期的影响[J].气象科技,2017,45(1):202-207.
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[10]程福厚,霍朝忠,张纪英,等.调亏灌溉对鸭梨果实的生长、产量及品质的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2002,18(4):72-76.
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[13]周景春,苏玉杰,张怀念,等.0~50 cm土壤含水量与降水和蒸发的关系分析[J].中国土壤与肥料,2007(6):23-27.
[14]马晓刚,李凝,谢媛.降水与墒情关系及抗旱需水量评估技术研究[J].中国农学通报,2014,30(21):193-198.
[15]张恒嘉,李晶.绿洲膜下滴灌调亏马铃薯光合生理特性与水分利用[J].农业机械学报,2013,44(10):143-151.
[16]王凤新,康跃虎,刘士平.滴灌条件下马铃薯耗水规律及需水量的研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2005,23(1):9-15.
[17]任树梅,杨培岭.重力滴灌条件下山区果园土壤水分动态与果树灌溉制度的初步研究[J].中国农村水利水电,2002(1):20-22.
[18]孙继亮,李六林,陶书田,等.灌溉方式对梨园土壤水分及产量品质的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2015,30(1):61-65,70.
[19]高菊玲,俞卫东.丘陵地区果园自动灌溉系统的研发[J].中国农机化学报,2014,35(6):277-281.
[20]武艳娟,吕景华.气象要素对浅层土壤水分影响的灰色关联分析[J].中国农学通报,2015,31(20):160-165.
[21]李杨.土壤墒情人工监测与自动监测的对比分析[J].低碳世界,2016(11):19-20.
[22]李涵茂,方丽,贺京,等.基于前期降水量和蒸发量的土壤湿度预测研究[J].中国农学通报,2012,28(14):252-257.
[23]易佳,杨世琦,田永中.基于温度植被特征空间的夏季重庆土壤干湿状况与土地利用关系研究[J].中国农学通报,2010,26(22):183-189.
[2]彭永宏.灌溉方法与地面覆盖对柑桔果实品质、产量与冠幕光水平的影响[J].果树学报,1998,15(2):128-132.
[3]林子腾.灌溉对柑桔果实生长的影响[J].广东水电科技,1995(2):38-40.
[4]安华明,樊卫国,王启勇,等.不同灌溉方式下柑橘生长·产量和品质表现[J].安徽农业科学,2008,26(5):1798-1799.
[5]张印平,郭昌东.桂林市气候变暖特征及其对柑桔物候期的影响[J].气象科技,2017,45(1):202-207.
[6]邹战强.柑橘节水灌溉技术及应用[J].广东水利水电,1998(2):27-30.
[7]古璇清,罗怀冰,陈洁芳.柑桔需水量与灌溉.广东水利水电科学研究院文档,2011:116-120.
[8]金初豁.柑橘需水指标研究初报[J].四川农业学报,1988,3(2):16-19.
[9]孙宏勇,张喜英,邵立威.调亏灌溉在果树上应用的研究进展[J].中国生态农业学报.2009,17(6):1288-1291.
[10]程福厚,霍朝忠,张纪英,等.调亏灌溉对鸭梨果实的生长、产量及品质的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2002,18(4):72-76.
[11]李光永,王小伟.充分灌溉与调亏灌溉条件下桃树滴灌的耗水量研究[J].水利学报,2001(9):55-63.
[12]Girora J.,Mata M,Fereres E.,et al.Evapotranspiration and soil water dynamics of peach trees under water deficitis[J].Agriculture Water Management.2002,54:107-122.
[13]周景春,苏玉杰,张怀念,等.0~50 cm土壤含水量与降水和蒸发的关系分析[J].中国土壤与肥料,2007(6):23-27.
[14]马晓刚,李凝,谢媛.降水与墒情关系及抗旱需水量评估技术研究[J].中国农学通报,2014,30(21):193-198.
[15]张恒嘉,李晶.绿洲膜下滴灌调亏马铃薯光合生理特性与水分利用[J].农业机械学报,2013,44(10):143-151.
[16]王凤新,康跃虎,刘士平.滴灌条件下马铃薯耗水规律及需水量的研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2005,23(1):9-15.
[17]任树梅,杨培岭.重力滴灌条件下山区果园土壤水分动态与果树灌溉制度的初步研究[J].中国农村水利水电,2002(1):20-22.
[18]孙继亮,李六林,陶书田,等.灌溉方式对梨园土壤水分及产量品质的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2015,30(1):61-65,70.
[19]高菊玲,俞卫东.丘陵地区果园自动灌溉系统的研发[J].中国农机化学报,2014,35(6):277-281.
[20]武艳娟,吕景华.气象要素对浅层土壤水分影响的灰色关联分析[J].中国农学通报,2015,31(20):160-165.
[21]李杨.土壤墒情人工监测与自动监测的对比分析[J].低碳世界,2016(11):19-20.
[22]李涵茂,方丽,贺京,等.基于前期降水量和蒸发量的土壤湿度预测研究[J].中国农学通报,2012,28(14):252-257.
[23]易佳,杨世琦,田永中.基于温度植被特征空间的夏季重庆土壤干湿状况与土地利用关系研究[J].中国农学通报,2010,26(22):183-189.