灌溉定额与灌溉水矿化度对春玉米水分利用效率影响研究
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摘要
通过在甘肃省石羊河流域开展春玉米咸水灌溉田间试验,研究了灌溉定额和灌溉水矿化度对春玉米耗水量及水分利用效率的影响.研究结果表明:春玉米耗水量随着灌溉定额的增大而增大,随着灌溉水矿化度的增大而减小.而从充分利用土壤贮水的角度考虑,非充分灌溉能够提高土壤播前贮水的利用量,而咸水灌溉则会降低土壤贮水利用量;非充分灌溉有利于提高春玉米的水分利用效率和灌溉水分利用效率,而咸水灌溉会降低春玉米的水分利用效率和灌溉水分利用效率.本次试验得到淡水轻度缺水灌溉处理的水分利用效率和灌溉水分利用效率最大值分别为2.90 kg/m~3和4.23 kg/m~3.与淡水充分灌溉处理相比,在研究区若采用灌溉定额为340 mm和灌溉水矿化度为0.71 g/L的灌溉方式,春玉米的水分利用效率和灌溉水分利用效率可提高25%以上,同时可节水170 mm.
A field experiment was conducted to study on the effects of irrigation norm and water salinity on water use efficiency for spring maize under saline water irrigation in Shiyang River basin of Gansu province. The research results showed that the water consumption of spring maize gradually increased with irrigation norm increased. With the increased of irrigation water salinity,the water consumption of spring maize decreased. The deficit irrigation could improve soil water storage and saline water irrigation could decrease soil water storage from soil water-holding capacity considering. The deficit irrigation could improve water use efficiency and irrigation water use efficiency and saline water irrigation could decrease water use efficiency and irrigation water use efficiency of spring maize. The maximum water use efficiency and irrigation water use efficiency of spring maize was deficit irrigation with fresh water treatment and the maximum value was 2. 90 kg/m~3 and 4. 23kg/m~3,respectively. When irrigation norm was 340 mm and irrigation water salinity was 0. 71 g/L,water use efficiency and irrigation water use efficiency of spring maize increased above 25%,and also 170 mm of water has been saved compared with sufficient irrigation and fresh water treatment in study district.
A field experiment was conducted to study on the effects of irrigation norm and water salinity on water use efficiency for spring maize under saline water irrigation in Shiyang River basin of Gansu province. The research results showed that the water consumption of spring maize gradually increased with irrigation norm increased. With the increased of irrigation water salinity,the water consumption of spring maize decreased. The deficit irrigation could improve soil water storage and saline water irrigation could decrease soil water storage from soil water-holding capacity considering. The deficit irrigation could improve water use efficiency and irrigation water use efficiency and saline water irrigation could decrease water use efficiency and irrigation water use efficiency of spring maize. The maximum water use efficiency and irrigation water use efficiency of spring maize was deficit irrigation with fresh water treatment and the maximum value was 2. 90 kg/m~3 and 4. 23kg/m~3,respectively. When irrigation norm was 340 mm and irrigation water salinity was 0. 71 g/L,water use efficiency and irrigation water use efficiency of spring maize increased above 25%,and also 170 mm of water has been saved compared with sufficient irrigation and fresh water treatment in study district.
引文
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[10]Jiang Jing,Feng Shaoyuan,Ma Juanjuan,et al.Irrigation management for spring mazie grown on saline soil based on SWAP model[J].Field Crop Research,2016,196:85~97.
[2]王利书,悦琳琳,唐泽军等.气候变化和农业发展对石羊河流域地下水位的影响[J].农业机械学报,2014,45(1):121~128.
[3]孙月,毛晓敏,杨秀英,等.西北灌区地下水矿化度变化及其对作物的影响[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(2):103~108.
[4]袁成福,冯绍元,蒋静,等.咸水非充分灌溉条件下土壤水盐运动SWAP模型模拟[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(20):72~82.
[5]王辉.我国微咸水灌溉研究进展[J].节水灌溉,2016(6):59~63.
[6]张俊鹏,冯棣,曹彩云,等.咸水灌溉对棉花耗水特性和水分利用效率的影响[J].农业机械学报,2016,47(6):107~112.
[7]张济斌.咸水灌溉对小麦耗水特性及土壤水盐分布的影响[D].太原:太原理工大学,2016.
[8]Wang Qingming,Huo Zailin,Zhang Liudong,et al.Impact of saline water irrigation on water use efficiency and soil salt accumulation for spring maize in arid region of China[J].Agricultural Water Management,2016;163:125~138.
[9]蒋静,冯绍元,霍再林,等.盐化土壤节水灌溉春玉米产量及耗水规律研究[J].中国农村水利水电,2015(5):19~22.
[10]Jiang Jing,Feng Shaoyuan,Ma Juanjuan,et al.Irrigation management for spring mazie grown on saline soil based on SWAP model[J].Field Crop Research,2016,196:85~97.