渣金熔分法从钕铁硼超细粉废料中回收稀土和铁的工艺研究
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摘要
本研究采用渣金熔分法回收钕铁硼超细粉废料中的稀土和铁,探究了坩埚材质、造渣剂配比、熔分温度、反应时间对渣金熔分效果的影响。同时,对熔渣和金属相进行了化学成分分析,通过EDS对金属相表面物相组成进行能谱点和面扫描分析。研究结果表明,提高还原温度和延长反应时间,有利于降低渣相中的氧化硼含量,提高渣相中稀土氧化物的含量,在1 550℃反应4 h,渣相中稀土氧化物质量分数可达到82.72wt.%;使用石墨材质坩埚,在物料中添加CaO和SiO_2为造渣剂,控制渣系碱度可以得到稀土氧化物富集的渣相和铁基金属相,渣金分离效果明显。
The rare earth and iron in the NdFeB ultrafine powder waste were recovered by slag gold melting method. The effects of bismuth material, slagging agent ratio, melting temperature and reaction time on the slag gold melting effect were studied. The chemical composition of the slag and metal phase was analyzed, and the energy phase and surface scanning analysis of the phase composition of the metal phase was carried out by EDS. The results show that by increasing the reduction temperature and prolonging the reaction time, it is beneficial to reduce the content of boron oxide in the slag phase and increase the content of rare earth oxide in the slag phase. The mass fraction of rare earth oxide in the slag phase at 1 550℃ can reach 82.72 wt.%; using graphite material, adding CaO and SiO2 as slagging agent in the material,controlling the alkalinity of slag system can obtain the slag phase and iron-based metal phase enriched by rare earth oxide, and the separation effect of slag gold is obvious.
The rare earth and iron in the NdFeB ultrafine powder waste were recovered by slag gold melting method. The effects of bismuth material, slagging agent ratio, melting temperature and reaction time on the slag gold melting effect were studied. The chemical composition of the slag and metal phase was analyzed, and the energy phase and surface scanning analysis of the phase composition of the metal phase was carried out by EDS. The results show that by increasing the reduction temperature and prolonging the reaction time, it is beneficial to reduce the content of boron oxide in the slag phase and increase the content of rare earth oxide in the slag phase. The mass fraction of rare earth oxide in the slag phase at 1 550℃ can reach 82.72 wt.%; using graphite material, adding CaO and SiO2 as slagging agent in the material,controlling the alkalinity of slag system can obtain the slag phase and iron-based metal phase enriched by rare earth oxide, and the separation effect of slag gold is obvious.
引文
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2李亚峰.NdFeB永磁材料的应用领域与发展前景[J].矿冶,2005,6(2):67-69.
3 KANEKO Y.Highest performance of Nd-Fe-B magnet over 55 MGOe[J].IEEE transactions on magnetics,2000,36(5):3275-3278.
4张雪峰,王大鹏,张倩.钕铁硼废料回收利用[J].科技创新导报,2012,(13):149-150.
5 FEERNANDES A,AFONSO J C,DUTRA A JB.Separation of nickel(II),cobalt(II)and lanthanides from spent Ni-MH batteries by hydrochloric acid leaching,solvent extraction and precipitation[J].Hydrometallurgy,2013,133(2):37-43.
6肖荣晖.钕铁硼生产中废料的回收及利用[J].有色冶炼,2001,(1):23-25.
7田红晓,李永治.烧结钕铁硼氧化现象分析与控制[J].科技创新导报,2011,(2):5.
8朱苗勇.现代冶金学[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2005.