油基钻屑现场热解析处理技术现状及展望
|
摘要
深部石油勘探和页岩气、致密气等非常规油气开发过程中会产生大量的油基钻屑,热解析技术被认为是最有效的油基钻屑环保处理技术,也是实现油基钻屑废弃物资源化利用的有效途径。本文重点介绍油基钻屑现场热解析处理典型的先进技术、装置与应用情况;针对油基钻屑成分和组分性质复杂多变、热解化学反应过程复杂,热解析设备能耗高、热解温度不确定、进料物性不稳定、不均匀性等问题,建议开展油基钻屑复杂体系在移动床中动态连续热解的动力学及机理分析,建立动力学模型,明确不同组分油基钻屑的最优热解析工艺参数;建立技术经济效益、环境效益及可持续发展等评价体系和准则,为不同体系油基钻屑的高效低耗安全环保热解析现场随钻处理提供科学可靠依据和理论支撑。
A large amount of oil-based drilling cuttings is produced during deep oil exploration and unconventional oil and gas development, such as shale gas and tight gas. Thermal desorption technology is considered as the most effective technology for environmental protection treatment of waste oil-based drilling cuttings, and also an effective way to realize the resource utilization of oil-based drilling cuttings. This paper mainly introduces the typically advanced technology, equipment and application of thermal desorption of oil-based drill cuttings. In view of the complex and variable nature and composition of oil-based drilling cuttings, the complex pyrolysis chemical reaction process, the high energy consumption of thermal desorption equipment, the uncertain pyrolysis temperature, unstable and inhomogeneous feeding material, it is suggested to carry out investigation of continuous desorption dynamics and mechanism of the complex oil-based drilling cuttings system in the moving bed, establish the dynamic model, and define the optimal thermal desorption parameters for different components of oil-based drilling cuttings; meanwhile, establish the evaluation system and criteria of technical and economic benefits, environmental benefits and sustainable development, providing scientific and reliable basis and theoretical support for high efficiency, low consumption, safety and environmental protection thermal desorption of oil-based drilling cuttings in different systems.
A large amount of oil-based drilling cuttings is produced during deep oil exploration and unconventional oil and gas development, such as shale gas and tight gas. Thermal desorption technology is considered as the most effective technology for environmental protection treatment of waste oil-based drilling cuttings, and also an effective way to realize the resource utilization of oil-based drilling cuttings. This paper mainly introduces the typically advanced technology, equipment and application of thermal desorption of oil-based drill cuttings. In view of the complex and variable nature and composition of oil-based drilling cuttings, the complex pyrolysis chemical reaction process, the high energy consumption of thermal desorption equipment, the uncertain pyrolysis temperature, unstable and inhomogeneous feeding material, it is suggested to carry out investigation of continuous desorption dynamics and mechanism of the complex oil-based drilling cuttings system in the moving bed, establish the dynamic model, and define the optimal thermal desorption parameters for different components of oil-based drilling cuttings; meanwhile, establish the evaluation system and criteria of technical and economic benefits, environmental benefits and sustainable development, providing scientific and reliable basis and theoretical support for high efficiency, low consumption, safety and environmental protection thermal desorption of oil-based drilling cuttings in different systems.
引文
[1] 张炜,刘振东,刘宝锋,等.油基钻井液的推广及循环利用[J].石油钻探技术,2008,36(6):34-38. ZHANG Wei, LIU Zhendong, LIU Baofeng, et al. Popularization and recycling of oil-based drilling fluid[J]. Petroleum Drilling Techniques, 2008,36(6):34-38.
[2] 许毓,史永照,邵奎政,等.废油基钻井液处理及油回收技术研究[J].油气田环境保护,2007,17(1):8-12. XU Yu, SHI Yongzhao, SHAO Kuizheng, et al. Study on waste oil-based drilling fluid treatment and oil recovery technology[J]. Environmental Protection of Oil & Gas Fields, 2007,17(1):8-12.
[3] 周浩.含油钻屑的热解特性研究[D].江苏南京:东南大学,2017. ZHOU Hao. Investigation of pyrolysis characteristics of oil-contaminated drill cuttings[D]. Nanjing Jiangsu: Southeast University, 2017.
[4] 王铭剑,汤克敏.解析技术在有机污染场地环境修复中的应用初探[J].广东化工,2011,38(8):262-263. WANG Mingjian, TANG Kemin. Preliminary discussion on thermal-desorption technology application in environmental remediation of organic pollution sites[J]. Guangdong Chemical Industry, 2011,38(8):262-263.
[5] 黄志强,徐子扬,权银虎,等.锤磨热解析处理油基钻井液钻屑的效果评价[J].天然气工业,2018,38(8):83-90. HUANG Zhiqiang, XU Ziyang, QUAN Yinhu, et al. Effect evaluation of hammer-milling thermal desorption technology on oil-based drilling fluid cuttings[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2018,38(8):83-90.
[6] 蔡浩,姚晓,华苏东,等.页岩气井油基钻屑固化处理技术[J].环境工程学报,2017,11(5):3120-3127. CAI Hao, YAO Xiao, HUA Sudong, et al. Solidification treatment technology of oil-based drilling cuttings in shale gas well[J]. Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering, 2017,11(5):3120-3127.
[7] 王超,李刚,单军锋,等.海上含油钻屑的热解析除油处理[J].化工环保,2017,37(1):101-105. WANG Chao, LI Gang, SHAN Junfeng, et al. Oil removal from offshore oily drilling cuttings by thermal desorption[J]. Environmental Protection of Chemical Industry, 2017,37(1):101-105.
[8] 孙静文,许毓,刘晓辉,等.油基钻屑处理及资源回收技术进展[J].石油石化节能,2016,6(1):30-33. SUN Jingwen, XU Yu, LIU Xiaohui, et al. Progress of oil-based mud treatment and resource recovery technology[J]. Energy Conservation in Petroleum & Petrochemical Industry, 2016,6(1):30-33.
[9] 张明昭.油基泥浆钻屑处理技术发展现状及展望[J].石化技术,2016,23(6):61-61. ZHANG Mingzhao. Prospect of oil-base drillings cuttings processing technologies[J]. Petrochemical Industry Technology, 2016,23(6):61-61.
[10] 张博廉,操卫平,赵继伟,等.油基钻井岩屑处理技术展望[J].当代化工,2014,(12):2603-2605. ZHANG Bolian, CAO Weiping, ZHAO Jiwei, et al. Prospect of oil-base drilling cuttings processing technologies[J]. Contemporary Chemical Industry, 2014,(12):2603-2605.
[11] 单海霞,何焕杰,刘晓宇,等.油基钻屑的生物处理[J].江南大学学报(自然科学版),2013,12(4):470-474. SHAN Haixia, HE Huanjie, LIU Xiaoyu, et al. Study on biological treatment of oil-based drilling cuttings[J]. Journal of Jiangnan University (Natural Science Edition), 2013,12(4):470-474.
[12] 李世刚,吴明霞,王宝辉,等.废弃油基钻井液处理技术研究进展[J].化学工业与工程技术,2012,33(5):33-37. LI Shigang, WU Mingxia, WANG Baohui, et al. Research progress on treating technology of waste oil-based drilling fluid[J]. Journal of Chemical Industry & Engineering, 2012,33(5):33-37.
[13] 陈永红.废弃油基钻井液处理技术研究[D].湖北武汉:长江大学,2012. CHEN Yonghong. The research on treatment technology of waste oil-based drilling fluid[D]. Wuhan Hubei: Yangtze University, 2012.
[14] 李学庆,杨金荣,尹志亮,等.油基钻井液含油钻屑无害化处理工艺技术[J].钻井液与完井液,2013,30(4):81-83. LI Xueqing, YANG Jinrong, YIN Zhiliang, et al. Novel harmless treating technology of oily cuttings[J]. Drilling Fluid & Completion Fluid, 2013,30(4):81-83.
[15] 王智锋,李作会,董怀荣.页岩油油基钻屑随钻处理装置的研制与应用[J].石油机械,2015,43(1):38-41. WANG Zhifeng, LI Zuohui, DONG Huairong. Apparatus for oil-base cuttings processing while drilling in shale oil wells[J]. China Petroleum Machinery, 2015,43(1):38-41.
[16] Ralph L. Stephenson, Simon Seaton, Halliburton Baroid, et al. Thermal desorption of oil from oil-based drilling fluids cuttings: Processes and technologies[J]. SPE 88486, 2004.
[17] 柳亚芳,严新新.在五大洲处理50万吨油基钻屑的经验[J].国外油田工程,2007,23(7):35-39. LIU Yafang, YAN Xinxin. Lessons learned from treating 500,000 tons of oil-based drill cuttings on five continents[J]. Foreign Oilfield Engineering, 2007,23(7):35-39.
[18] 李彦,胡海杰,屈撑囤,等.含油污泥催化热解影响因素研究及热解产物分析[J].现代化工,2018,(1):67-71. LI Yan, HU Haijie, QU Chengtun, et al. Influencing factors for catalytic pyrolysis of oily sludge and analysis of pyrolysis products[J]. Modern Chemical Industry, 2018,(1):67-71.
[19] 吴小飞.含油污泥固定床热解特性研究[D].北京:中国石油大学(北京),2016. WU Xiaofei. Study on pyrolysis performance of fixed bed for oil sludge[D]. Beijing: China University of Petroleum-Beijing, 2016.
[20] 马蒸钊.含油污泥回转窑热固载体热解特性研究[D].辽宁大连:大连理工大学,2014. MA Zhengzhao. Study on pyrolysis characteristic of oily sludge in the rotary kiln with solid heat carrier[D]. Dalian Liaoning: Dalian University of Technology, 2014.
[21] 何敏,张思兰,王丹,等.油基钻屑热解处理技术[J].环境科学导刊,2017,36(S1):57-60. HE Min, ZHANG Silan, WANG Dan, et al. Pyrolysis technology of oil-based drill cuttings[J]. Environmental Science Survey, 2017,36(S1):57-60.
[22] 孙静文,刘光全,张明栋,等.油基钻屑电磁加热脱附可行性及参数优化[J].天然气工业,2017,37(2):103-111. SUN Jingwen, LIU Guangquan, ZHANG Mingdong, et al. Desorption in the treatment of oil-based drill cuttings by electromagnetic heating:Feasibility and parameters optimization[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2017,37(2):103-111.
[23] 黄维巍,周泽军,何勇,等.页岩气开发油基钻屑真空热解资源化处理[J].环境工程学报,2017,11(8):4783-4788. HUANG Weiwei, ZHOU Zejun, HE Yong, et al. Resourses utilization of oil-based drilling cuttings vacuum pyrolysising in shale gas developing[J]. Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering, 2017,11(8):4783-4788.
[24] 王万福,金浩,石丰,等.含油污泥热解技术[J].石油与天然气化工,2010,39(2):173-177,90. WANG Wanfu, JIN Hao, SHI Feng, et al. Pyrolysis technology overview of oily sludge[J]. Chemical Engineering of Oil & Gas, 2010,39(2):173-177,90.
[25] 宋薇,刘建国,聂永丰.含油污泥热解和燃烧的反应过程[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2008,(9):1453-1457. SONG Wei, LIU Jianguo, NIE Yongfeng. Comparative study of pyrolysis and combustion process of oil sludge by TG-FTIR analysis[J]. Journal of Tsinghua University (Science and Technology), 2008,(9):1453-1457.
[26] 陈超,李水清,岳长涛,等.含油污泥回转式连续热解——质能平衡及产物分析[J].化工学报,2006,(3):650-657. CHEN Chao, LI Shuiqing, YUE Changtao, et al. Lab-scale pyrolysis of oil sludge in continuous rotating reactor: mass/energy balance and product analysis[J]. Journal of Chemical Industry and Engineering (China), 2006,(3):650-657.
[2] 许毓,史永照,邵奎政,等.废油基钻井液处理及油回收技术研究[J].油气田环境保护,2007,17(1):8-12. XU Yu, SHI Yongzhao, SHAO Kuizheng, et al. Study on waste oil-based drilling fluid treatment and oil recovery technology[J]. Environmental Protection of Oil & Gas Fields, 2007,17(1):8-12.
[3] 周浩.含油钻屑的热解特性研究[D].江苏南京:东南大学,2017. ZHOU Hao. Investigation of pyrolysis characteristics of oil-contaminated drill cuttings[D]. Nanjing Jiangsu: Southeast University, 2017.
[4] 王铭剑,汤克敏.解析技术在有机污染场地环境修复中的应用初探[J].广东化工,2011,38(8):262-263. WANG Mingjian, TANG Kemin. Preliminary discussion on thermal-desorption technology application in environmental remediation of organic pollution sites[J]. Guangdong Chemical Industry, 2011,38(8):262-263.
[5] 黄志强,徐子扬,权银虎,等.锤磨热解析处理油基钻井液钻屑的效果评价[J].天然气工业,2018,38(8):83-90. HUANG Zhiqiang, XU Ziyang, QUAN Yinhu, et al. Effect evaluation of hammer-milling thermal desorption technology on oil-based drilling fluid cuttings[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2018,38(8):83-90.
[6] 蔡浩,姚晓,华苏东,等.页岩气井油基钻屑固化处理技术[J].环境工程学报,2017,11(5):3120-3127. CAI Hao, YAO Xiao, HUA Sudong, et al. Solidification treatment technology of oil-based drilling cuttings in shale gas well[J]. Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering, 2017,11(5):3120-3127.
[7] 王超,李刚,单军锋,等.海上含油钻屑的热解析除油处理[J].化工环保,2017,37(1):101-105. WANG Chao, LI Gang, SHAN Junfeng, et al. Oil removal from offshore oily drilling cuttings by thermal desorption[J]. Environmental Protection of Chemical Industry, 2017,37(1):101-105.
[8] 孙静文,许毓,刘晓辉,等.油基钻屑处理及资源回收技术进展[J].石油石化节能,2016,6(1):30-33. SUN Jingwen, XU Yu, LIU Xiaohui, et al. Progress of oil-based mud treatment and resource recovery technology[J]. Energy Conservation in Petroleum & Petrochemical Industry, 2016,6(1):30-33.
[9] 张明昭.油基泥浆钻屑处理技术发展现状及展望[J].石化技术,2016,23(6):61-61. ZHANG Mingzhao. Prospect of oil-base drillings cuttings processing technologies[J]. Petrochemical Industry Technology, 2016,23(6):61-61.
[10] 张博廉,操卫平,赵继伟,等.油基钻井岩屑处理技术展望[J].当代化工,2014,(12):2603-2605. ZHANG Bolian, CAO Weiping, ZHAO Jiwei, et al. Prospect of oil-base drilling cuttings processing technologies[J]. Contemporary Chemical Industry, 2014,(12):2603-2605.
[11] 单海霞,何焕杰,刘晓宇,等.油基钻屑的生物处理[J].江南大学学报(自然科学版),2013,12(4):470-474. SHAN Haixia, HE Huanjie, LIU Xiaoyu, et al. Study on biological treatment of oil-based drilling cuttings[J]. Journal of Jiangnan University (Natural Science Edition), 2013,12(4):470-474.
[12] 李世刚,吴明霞,王宝辉,等.废弃油基钻井液处理技术研究进展[J].化学工业与工程技术,2012,33(5):33-37. LI Shigang, WU Mingxia, WANG Baohui, et al. Research progress on treating technology of waste oil-based drilling fluid[J]. Journal of Chemical Industry & Engineering, 2012,33(5):33-37.
[13] 陈永红.废弃油基钻井液处理技术研究[D].湖北武汉:长江大学,2012. CHEN Yonghong. The research on treatment technology of waste oil-based drilling fluid[D]. Wuhan Hubei: Yangtze University, 2012.
[14] 李学庆,杨金荣,尹志亮,等.油基钻井液含油钻屑无害化处理工艺技术[J].钻井液与完井液,2013,30(4):81-83. LI Xueqing, YANG Jinrong, YIN Zhiliang, et al. Novel harmless treating technology of oily cuttings[J]. Drilling Fluid & Completion Fluid, 2013,30(4):81-83.
[15] 王智锋,李作会,董怀荣.页岩油油基钻屑随钻处理装置的研制与应用[J].石油机械,2015,43(1):38-41. WANG Zhifeng, LI Zuohui, DONG Huairong. Apparatus for oil-base cuttings processing while drilling in shale oil wells[J]. China Petroleum Machinery, 2015,43(1):38-41.
[16] Ralph L. Stephenson, Simon Seaton, Halliburton Baroid, et al. Thermal desorption of oil from oil-based drilling fluids cuttings: Processes and technologies[J]. SPE 88486, 2004.
[17] 柳亚芳,严新新.在五大洲处理50万吨油基钻屑的经验[J].国外油田工程,2007,23(7):35-39. LIU Yafang, YAN Xinxin. Lessons learned from treating 500,000 tons of oil-based drill cuttings on five continents[J]. Foreign Oilfield Engineering, 2007,23(7):35-39.
[18] 李彦,胡海杰,屈撑囤,等.含油污泥催化热解影响因素研究及热解产物分析[J].现代化工,2018,(1):67-71. LI Yan, HU Haijie, QU Chengtun, et al. Influencing factors for catalytic pyrolysis of oily sludge and analysis of pyrolysis products[J]. Modern Chemical Industry, 2018,(1):67-71.
[19] 吴小飞.含油污泥固定床热解特性研究[D].北京:中国石油大学(北京),2016. WU Xiaofei. Study on pyrolysis performance of fixed bed for oil sludge[D]. Beijing: China University of Petroleum-Beijing, 2016.
[20] 马蒸钊.含油污泥回转窑热固载体热解特性研究[D].辽宁大连:大连理工大学,2014. MA Zhengzhao. Study on pyrolysis characteristic of oily sludge in the rotary kiln with solid heat carrier[D]. Dalian Liaoning: Dalian University of Technology, 2014.
[21] 何敏,张思兰,王丹,等.油基钻屑热解处理技术[J].环境科学导刊,2017,36(S1):57-60. HE Min, ZHANG Silan, WANG Dan, et al. Pyrolysis technology of oil-based drill cuttings[J]. Environmental Science Survey, 2017,36(S1):57-60.
[22] 孙静文,刘光全,张明栋,等.油基钻屑电磁加热脱附可行性及参数优化[J].天然气工业,2017,37(2):103-111. SUN Jingwen, LIU Guangquan, ZHANG Mingdong, et al. Desorption in the treatment of oil-based drill cuttings by electromagnetic heating:Feasibility and parameters optimization[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2017,37(2):103-111.
[23] 黄维巍,周泽军,何勇,等.页岩气开发油基钻屑真空热解资源化处理[J].环境工程学报,2017,11(8):4783-4788. HUANG Weiwei, ZHOU Zejun, HE Yong, et al. Resourses utilization of oil-based drilling cuttings vacuum pyrolysising in shale gas developing[J]. Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering, 2017,11(8):4783-4788.
[24] 王万福,金浩,石丰,等.含油污泥热解技术[J].石油与天然气化工,2010,39(2):173-177,90. WANG Wanfu, JIN Hao, SHI Feng, et al. Pyrolysis technology overview of oily sludge[J]. Chemical Engineering of Oil & Gas, 2010,39(2):173-177,90.
[25] 宋薇,刘建国,聂永丰.含油污泥热解和燃烧的反应过程[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2008,(9):1453-1457. SONG Wei, LIU Jianguo, NIE Yongfeng. Comparative study of pyrolysis and combustion process of oil sludge by TG-FTIR analysis[J]. Journal of Tsinghua University (Science and Technology), 2008,(9):1453-1457.
[26] 陈超,李水清,岳长涛,等.含油污泥回转式连续热解——质能平衡及产物分析[J].化工学报,2006,(3):650-657. CHEN Chao, LI Shuiqing, YUE Changtao, et al. Lab-scale pyrolysis of oil sludge in continuous rotating reactor: mass/energy balance and product analysis[J]. Journal of Chemical Industry and Engineering (China), 2006,(3):650-657.