沉水植物生长和腐解对富营养化水体氮磷的影响机制研究进展
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摘要
沉水植物作为湖泊、河流等生态系统的主要高等植物,在修复富营养化水体中的作用日益受到重视,合理利用沉水植物是去除富营养化水体氮磷的有效途径。沉水植物对水体氮磷的迁移转化影响包括生长和腐解两个阶段。文章综述了沉水植物生长对富营养化水体氮、磷的净化效果和净化机制,分析了沉水植物腐解对氮、磷迁移转化的持续影响,并提出了今后沉水植物净化氮、磷的研究方向,为沉水植物推广应用于修复富营养化水体提供理论基础。
As the main higher plants of lakes, rivers and other ecosystems, submerged plants have attracted a great deal of attention in restoration of eutrophic water. Rational utilization of submerged plants is an effective approach to remove nitrogen and phosphorus from eutrophic water. Submerged plants affected the migration and transformation of nitrogen and phosphorus during their growth and decomposition processes. In this paper, the purification effects and mechanisms of submerged plants on nitrogen and phosphorus in eutrophic water were reviewed. The influences of submerged plants decomposition on migration and transformation of nitrogen and phosphorus were analyzed. The possible direction for future research was put forward as well. This paper aims to provide theoretical basis for application of submerged plants in remediation of eutrophic water.
As the main higher plants of lakes, rivers and other ecosystems, submerged plants have attracted a great deal of attention in restoration of eutrophic water. Rational utilization of submerged plants is an effective approach to remove nitrogen and phosphorus from eutrophic water. Submerged plants affected the migration and transformation of nitrogen and phosphorus during their growth and decomposition processes. In this paper, the purification effects and mechanisms of submerged plants on nitrogen and phosphorus in eutrophic water were reviewed. The influences of submerged plants decomposition on migration and transformation of nitrogen and phosphorus were analyzed. The possible direction for future research was put forward as well. This paper aims to provide theoretical basis for application of submerged plants in remediation of eutrophic water.
引文
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[2]中华人民共和国环境保护部.中国环境状况公报/历年中国环境状况公报/2016年中国环境状况公报[EB/OL].[2016-8-27].http://www.mep.gov.cn/hjzl/zghjzkgb/lnzghjzkgb/201606/P020160602333160471955.pdf
[3]MELZER A.Aquatic macrophytes as tools for lake management[J].Hydrobiologia,1999,395/396:181–190.
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[5]黄子贤,张钦江,马海峰,等.4种沉水植物对富营养化水体氮磷去除能力的比较研究[J].生态科学,2011,30(2):102–106.
[6]韩阳,李雪梅,朱延姝.环境污染与植物功能[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2005.
[7]王琪,周兴东,罗菊花,等.考虑生活史的太湖沉水植物优势种遥感监测[J].湖泊科学,2015,27(5):953–961.
[8]吴爱平,吴世凯,倪乐意.长江中游浅水湖泊水生植物氮磷含量与水柱营养的关系[J].水生生物学报,2005,29(4):406–412.
[9]田琦,王沛芳,欧阳萍,等.5种沉水植物对富营养化水体的净化能力研究[J].水资源保护,2009,25(1):14–17.
[10]林春风,曹国军,武鹏,等.四种沉水植物对富营养化水体的净化效果研究[J].安徽农业科学,2012,40(10):6083–6085.
[11]潘保原,杨国亭,穆立蔷,等.3种沉水植物去除水体中氮磷能力研究[J].植物研究,2015,35(1):141–145.
[12]金树权,周金波,包薇红,等.5种沉水植物的氮、磷吸收和水质净化能力比较[J].环境科学,2017,38(1):156–161.
[13]王阳阳,吴海龙,霍元子,等.冬季苦草与伊乐藻对贡湖水源地水质净化效果研究[J].上海海洋大学学报,2012,21(1):73–77.
[14]雷泽湘,陈光荣,谭镇,等.富营养水体中3种沉水植物的生长竞争及其净化效果[J].湖北大学学报,2009,31(2):192–196.
[15]常素云,赵静静,刘小川,等.挺水植物与沉水植物组配对北大港水库水质的影响[J].水资源保护,2014,30(5):38–43.
[16]李欢,吴蔚,罗芳丽,等.4种挺水植物、4种沉水植物及其组合群落去除模拟富营养化水体中总氮和总磷的作用比较[J].湿地科学,2016,14(2):163–172.
[17]吴娟,吴振斌,成水平.黑藻对水体和沉积物理化性质的改善和营养元素的去除作用[J].水生生物学报,2009,33(4):589–595.
[18]马久远,王国祥,李振国,等.太湖两种水生植物群落对沉积物中氮素的影响[J].环境科学,2013,34(11):4240–4250.
[19]柏祥,陈开宁,任奎晓,等.不同水深条件下狐尾藻生长对沉积物氮磷的影响[J].生态环境学报,2011,20(6–7):1086–1091.
[20]王立志,王国祥,俞振飞,等.沉水植物生长期对沉积物和上覆水之间磷迁移的影响[J].环境科学,2012,33(2):385–392.
[21]包先明,陈开宁,范成新.种植沉水植物对富营养化水体沉积物中磷形态的影响[J].土壤通报,2006,37(4):710–715.
[22]周小宁,王圣瑞,金相灿.沉水植物黑藻对沉积物有机、无机磷形态及潜在可交换性磷的影响[J].环境科学,2006,27(12):2421–2425.
[23]黄亚,傅以钢,赵建夫.富营养化水体水生植物修复机理的研究进展[J].农业环境科学学报,2005,24(13):379–383.
[24]苏倩,刘存歧,杨军,等.小西淀穗花狐尾藻的生长特性与氮磷吸收规律研究[J].水生态学杂志,2012,33(6):50–55.
[25]张松,何绪刚,谢从新,等.苦草对NH4+-N的吸收动力学[J].水生态学杂志,2011,32(6):46–51.
[26]徐昇,李欣,钟萍,等.苦草根系对硝氮和氨氮的吸收[J].生态科学,2012,31(3):312–317.
[27]SCHULZ M,RINKE K,KHLER J.A combined approach of photogrammetrical methods and field studies to determine nutrient retention by submersed macrophytes in running waters[J].Aquatic Botany,2003,76(1):17–29.
[28]崔理华,朱夕珍,骆世明,等.垂直流人工湿地系统对污水磷的净化效果[J].环境污染治理技术与设备,2002,3(7):13–17.
[29]REDDY K R,PATRICK JR W H,Lindau C W.Nitrification-denitrification at the plant root-sediment interface in wetlands[J].Limnology and Oceanography,1989,34(6):1004–1013.
[30]辛明秀,赵颖,周军,等.反硝化细菌在污水脱氮中的作用[J].微生物学通报,2007,34(4):773–776.
[31]ROGERS K H,BREER P F,CHLICK A J.Nitrogen removal in experimental wetland treatment systems:Evidences for the role of aquatic plants[J].Research Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation,1991,63(7):934–941.
[32]常会庆,丁学峰,蔡景波.伊乐藻和固定化细菌对富营养化水体中氮循环菌的影响[J].河南农业科学,2008(2):52–56.
[33]王文林,刘波,韩睿明,等.沉水植物茎叶微界面及其对水体氮循环影响研究进展[J].生态学报,2014,34(22):6409–6416.
[34]KORNER S.Nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria in epiphytic communities of submerged macrophytes in a treated sewage channel[J].Acta Hydrochimica Hydrobiologica,1999,27(1):27–31.
[35]杨文斌,李阳,孙共献.穗花狐尾藻对外源15N在水–沉积物界面迁移转化的影响[J].中国环境科学,2015,35(6):1855–1862.
[36]HERRMANN M,SAUNDERS A M,SCHRAMM A.Effect of lake trophic status and rooted macrophytes on community composition and abundance of ammoniaoxidizing prokaryotes in freshwater sediments[J].Applied&Environmental Microbiology,2009,75(10):3127–3136.
[37]孔祥龙,叶春,李春华,等.苦草对水–底泥–沉水植物系统中氮素迁移转化的影响[J].中国环境科学,2015,35(2):539–549.
[38]赵联芳,朱伟,莫妙兴.沉水植物对水体pH值的影响及其脱氮作用[J].水资源保护,2008,24(6):64–67.
[39]赵安娜,冯慕华,李文朝,等.沉水植物伊乐藻光合放氧度水体氮转化的影响[J].生态环境学报,2010,19(4):757–761.
[40]GABRIELSON J O,PERKINS M A,WELCH E B.The uptake,translocation and release of phosphorus by Elodea densa[J].Hydrobiologia,1984,111(1):43–48.
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