天山雪岭云杉森林化感物质对种子萌发的影响
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摘要
为探索雪岭云杉森林中化感物质对植物种子萌发的影响,以雪岭云杉种子、2种单子叶植物(小麦、苏丹草)种子和2种双子叶植物(白萝卜、辣椒)种子为材料,利用培养皿滤纸法分析雪岭云杉森林的7种化感物质对种子萌发的影响。结果表明,7种化感物质处理均明显抑制苏丹草、辣椒和雪岭云杉种子发芽率,抑制作用随着化感物质浓度的升高而增强,但对自身发芽率较高的小麦和白萝卜种子影响较小。7种化感物质的自毒效应强于化感效应。3类化感物质对单双子叶植物化感作用强度的总趋势为:香豆素类>酮类>酚酸类,不同酚酸类物质对种子萌发的抑制强度存在较大差异。雪岭云杉森林化感物质对5种植物种子具有不同程度的化感作用,且化感作用强度与化感物质种类及浓度密切相关。
The paper aims to explore the effects of allelochemicals of Picea schrenkiana forests on seed germination of plants. The seeds of Picea schrenkiana, two kinds of monocotyledon seeds(Sorghum sudanese,wheat) and two kinds of dicotyledon seeds(mooli, chili) were used as the materials, the authors analyzed the effects of 7 kinds of allelochemicals of Picea schrenkiana on seed germination by using Petri dish and filter paper method. The results showed that: the 7 kinds of allelochemicals significantly inhibited the germination rate of seeds of Sorghum sudanese, chili and Picea schrenkiana and the inhibition was enhanced with the increase of the concentration of allelochemicals, however, they had a little influence on the seeds of wheat and mooli, which originally had high germination rate. The autotoxicity of the 7 kinds of allelochemicals was stronger than their allelopathic effect. The general trend of intensity of allelopathic effect from 3 kinds of allelochemicals on monocotyledon and dicotyledon was: coumarins>ketones>phenolic acids; there was a great difference in the inhibitory intensity of different phenolic acids on seed germination. The allelochemicals of Picea schrenkiana have different intensities of allelopathic effect on seeds of 5 kinds of plants and the intensity of allelopathic effect is closely related to the species and concentration of allelochemicals.
The paper aims to explore the effects of allelochemicals of Picea schrenkiana forests on seed germination of plants. The seeds of Picea schrenkiana, two kinds of monocotyledon seeds(Sorghum sudanese,wheat) and two kinds of dicotyledon seeds(mooli, chili) were used as the materials, the authors analyzed the effects of 7 kinds of allelochemicals of Picea schrenkiana on seed germination by using Petri dish and filter paper method. The results showed that: the 7 kinds of allelochemicals significantly inhibited the germination rate of seeds of Sorghum sudanese, chili and Picea schrenkiana and the inhibition was enhanced with the increase of the concentration of allelochemicals, however, they had a little influence on the seeds of wheat and mooli, which originally had high germination rate. The autotoxicity of the 7 kinds of allelochemicals was stronger than their allelopathic effect. The general trend of intensity of allelopathic effect from 3 kinds of allelochemicals on monocotyledon and dicotyledon was: coumarins>ketones>phenolic acids; there was a great difference in the inhibitory intensity of different phenolic acids on seed germination. The allelochemicals of Picea schrenkiana have different intensities of allelopathic effect on seeds of 5 kinds of plants and the intensity of allelopathic effect is closely related to the species and concentration of allelochemicals.
引文
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[19] Li H Q, Zhang L L, Jiang X W, et al. Allelopathic effectsof phenolic acids on the growth and physiologicalcharacteristics of strawberry plants[J]. Allelopathy Journal,2015,35(1):61-75.
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[22]韩志军,陈静,郑寒,等.花椒叶浸提液对大豆种子萌发和幼苗生长的化感作用[J].应用与环境生物学报,2011,17(4):585-588.
[23]魏立本,夏志林,殷洁,等.青蒿素对牧草的化感作用[J].草业学报,2017,26(5):62-69.
[24]刘苗苗,何晓玲,邢潇晨,等.大蒜根系浸提液对连作西瓜生长及光合特性的影响[J].西北农业学报,2014,23(5):113-120.
[25] Aliotta G, Cafiero G, Fiorentino A,Strumia S. Inhibition of radishgermination and root growth by coumarin and phenylpropanoids[J].Journal of Chemical Ecology,1993,19(2):175-183.
[26] Chen F, Xie X, Wang H. Global stability in a competition model ofplankton allelopathy with infinite delay[J].Journal of SystemsScience&Complexity,2015,28(5):1070-1079.
[27] Hierro J L, Callaway R M. Allelopathy and exotic plant invasion[J].Plant&Soil,2003,256(1):29-39.
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[29] Yu J Q, Ye S F, Zhang M F, et al. Effects of root exudates andaqueous root extracts of cucumber(Cucumis sativus)andallelochemicals, on photosynthesis and antioxidant enzymes incucumber[J].Biochemical Systematics&Ecology,2003,31(2):129-139.
[30]王辉,谢永生,程积民.基于生态位理论的典型草原铁杆蒿种群化感作用[J].应用生态学报,2012,23(3):673-678.
[31]蒋万祥,何逢志,蔡庆华.香溪河水生昆虫功能性状及功能多样性空间格局[J].生态学报,2017,37(6):1861-1870.
[32]章建红,陈志颖,阮晓,等.DHAP胁迫对天山云杉幼苗内源激素含量变化的影响[J].林业科学,2014,50(4):121-128.
[33]李朝婵,乙引,全文选,等.野生高山杜鹃群落林内自然挥发的化感成分[J].林业科学,2015,51(12):35-44.
[34]冀晓青,韩笑天,杨佰娟,等.强壮前沟藻化感物质分析[J].生态学报,2012,32(6):1745-1754.
[2] Marian M, Vo?gan Z, Mare Ro?ca O, et al. Allelopathy relationshipbetween plants and their use in organic farming[A]. MaterialsScience and Engineering Conference Series[C]. 2017:12-39.
[3] Rios J F, Leal C R, Leite S C. Phenotypic plasticity and negativeallelopathy in Microcystis strains[J].Annals of Microbiology,2016,66(3):1265-1276.
[4]朱俊英,刘碧云,王静,等.穗花狐尾藻化感作用对铜绿微囊藻光合效率的影响[J].环境科学,2011,32(10):2904-2908.
[5]陆茜,张金池,孟苗婧.长期连栽杨树林根际土壤自毒作用的生物测定[J].生态学报,2017,37(12):4053-4060.
[6]申时才,徐高峰,张付斗,等.红薯叶片浸提液对5种主要农田杂草种子萌发及幼苗生长的化感作用[J].生态学报,2017,37(6):1931-1938.
[7]王强,阮晓,李兆慧,等.植物自毒作用及针叶林自毒研究进展[J].林业科学,2007,43(6):134-142.
[8]谢星光,陈晏,卜元卿,等.酚酸类物质的化感作用研究进展[J].生态学报,2014,34(22):6417-6428.
[9]谢星光,戴传超,苏春沦,等.内生真菌对花生残茬腐解及土壤酚酸含量的影响[J].生态学报,2015,35(11):3836-3845.
[10]焦晓林,毕晓宝,高微微.p-香豆酸对西洋参的化感作用及生理机制[J].生态学报,2015,35(9):3006-3013.
[11] Zhang T T, Zheng C Y, Hu W, et al. The allelopathy and allelopathicmechanism of phenolic acids on toxic Microcystis aeruginosa[J].Journal of Applied Phycology,2010, 22(1):71-77.
[12]周宝利,陈志霞,杜亮,等.不同抗病性茄子根系分泌物对黄萎菌的化感作用[J].生态学报,2011,31(14):3964-3972.
[13]雷锋杰,张爱华,方斯文,等.人参根系分泌物对4种药用植物的化感作用研究[J].中国农学通报,2010,26(19):140-144.
[14]郑丽,冯玉龙.紫茎泽兰叶片化感作用对10种草本植物种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响[J].生态学报,2005,25(10):2782-2787.
[15]罗侠,潘存德,黄闽敏,等.天山云杉凋落物提取液对种子萌发和幼苗生长的自毒作用[J].新疆农业大学学报,2006,43(1):1-5.
[16]李兆慧,王强,廖俊俊,等.天山云杉凋落物自毒物质分析与初步鉴定[J].分析化学,2009,37(6):888-892.
[17]潘存德,王强,阮晓,等.天山云杉针叶水提取物自毒效应及自毒物质的分离鉴定[J].植物生态学报,2009,33(1):186-196.
[18]李兆慧.天山云杉自毒作用与自毒物质的鉴定[D].杭州:浙江大学,2011:42-45.
[19] Li H Q, Zhang L L, Jiang X W, et al. Allelopathic effectsof phenolic acids on the growth and physiologicalcharacteristics of strawberry plants[J]. Allelopathy Journal,2015,35(1):61-75.
[20] Jabran K, Mahajan G, Sardana V, et al. Allelopathy for weedcontrol in agricultural systems[J].Crop Protection,2015,72:57-65.
[21] Bruce W G, Richardson D. Bioassays for allelopathy:Measuringtreatment responses with independent controls[J].Journal ofChemical Ecology,1988,14(1):181-187.
[22]韩志军,陈静,郑寒,等.花椒叶浸提液对大豆种子萌发和幼苗生长的化感作用[J].应用与环境生物学报,2011,17(4):585-588.
[23]魏立本,夏志林,殷洁,等.青蒿素对牧草的化感作用[J].草业学报,2017,26(5):62-69.
[24]刘苗苗,何晓玲,邢潇晨,等.大蒜根系浸提液对连作西瓜生长及光合特性的影响[J].西北农业学报,2014,23(5):113-120.
[25] Aliotta G, Cafiero G, Fiorentino A,Strumia S. Inhibition of radishgermination and root growth by coumarin and phenylpropanoids[J].Journal of Chemical Ecology,1993,19(2):175-183.
[26] Chen F, Xie X, Wang H. Global stability in a competition model ofplankton allelopathy with infinite delay[J].Journal of SystemsScience&Complexity,2015,28(5):1070-1079.
[27] Hierro J L, Callaway R M. Allelopathy and exotic plant invasion[J].Plant&Soil,2003,256(1):29-39.
[28] Leather G R, Einhellig F A, Putnam A R, et al. Bioassays in thestudy of allelopathy[C].Signal&Image Processing,1986:300-304.
[29] Yu J Q, Ye S F, Zhang M F, et al. Effects of root exudates andaqueous root extracts of cucumber(Cucumis sativus)andallelochemicals, on photosynthesis and antioxidant enzymes incucumber[J].Biochemical Systematics&Ecology,2003,31(2):129-139.
[30]王辉,谢永生,程积民.基于生态位理论的典型草原铁杆蒿种群化感作用[J].应用生态学报,2012,23(3):673-678.
[31]蒋万祥,何逢志,蔡庆华.香溪河水生昆虫功能性状及功能多样性空间格局[J].生态学报,2017,37(6):1861-1870.
[32]章建红,陈志颖,阮晓,等.DHAP胁迫对天山云杉幼苗内源激素含量变化的影响[J].林业科学,2014,50(4):121-128.
[33]李朝婵,乙引,全文选,等.野生高山杜鹃群落林内自然挥发的化感成分[J].林业科学,2015,51(12):35-44.
[34]冀晓青,韩笑天,杨佰娟,等.强壮前沟藻化感物质分析[J].生态学报,2012,32(6):1745-1754.