模拟不同降雨量对猪毛蒿种子萌发的影响
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摘要
为揭示猪毛蒿对水分变化的响应及适应规律,以猪毛蒿为试验材料,利用光温自动控制的培养箱,通过种子库萌发试验,研究不同降雨量情况下荒漠草原优势物种猪毛嵩种子萌发参数的变化。结果表明:随着降雨量的增加,土壤种子库中猪毛蒿种子的萌发表现出逐渐增加的趋势,当日降雨量为3 mm时,萌发数量显著高于其他降雨条件(P<0.05);日降雨量与萌发指数的关系为y=-0.073 8×(1-3.499~x)(R~2=0.979 3,P<0.01),表明降雨量的增加有利于提高猪毛蒿种子的萌发速度,当日降雨量为1.0 mm时,就能打破种子的休眠,使得猪毛蒿进行萌发;当日降雨量为2.0、2.5、3.0 mm时,猪毛蒿种子的萌发最高峰早于日降雨量为1.0、1.5 mm;萌发后期,每盆中生存的猪毛蒿幼苗维持在2～4株。综上所述,日降雨量为1.0 mm时,是猪毛蒿的种子进行萌发的最小降雨阈值,且降雨量对于土壤种子库中猪毛蒿种子的萌发具有十分重要的影响。
In order to reveal the response and adaptation of Artemisia annua to water change,the germination parameters of Artemisia scoparia were studied by seed germination test in a light and temperature controlled automatic incubator.The results showed that: with the increase of rainfall,the germination of Artemisia scoparia seeds increased gradually in the soil seed bank.When the rainfall was 3 mm,the germination amount was significantly higher than other rainfall conditions(P<0.05),and the relationship between daily rainfall and germination index was y=-0.073 8×(1-3.499~x)(R~2=0.979 3,P<0.01),indicating that the increase of rainfall was conducive to improving the speed of germination of Artemisia scoparia seeds.The germination rate,when the rainfall was 1 mm,it could break the dormancy of seeds and make the germination of Artemisia scoparia.When the rainfall was 2.0,2.5,and 3.0 mm,the highest peak of germination was 1.0 and 1.5 mm,respectively.At the later stage of germination,the survival rate of Artemisia scoparia seedlings in each pot was maintained at 2～4 strain.In summary,when the daily rainfall was 1 mm,it was the minimum rainfall threshold for germination of Artemisia scoparia seeds,and rainfall had a very important impact on the germination of Artemisia scoparia seeds in soil seed banks.
In order to reveal the response and adaptation of Artemisia annua to water change,the germination parameters of Artemisia scoparia were studied by seed germination test in a light and temperature controlled automatic incubator.The results showed that: with the increase of rainfall,the germination of Artemisia scoparia seeds increased gradually in the soil seed bank.When the rainfall was 3 mm,the germination amount was significantly higher than other rainfall conditions(P<0.05),and the relationship between daily rainfall and germination index was y=-0.073 8×(1-3.499~x)(R~2=0.979 3,P<0.01),indicating that the increase of rainfall was conducive to improving the speed of germination of Artemisia scoparia seeds.The germination rate,when the rainfall was 1 mm,it could break the dormancy of seeds and make the germination of Artemisia scoparia.When the rainfall was 2.0,2.5,and 3.0 mm,the highest peak of germination was 1.0 and 1.5 mm,respectively.At the later stage of germination,the survival rate of Artemisia scoparia seedlings in each pot was maintained at 2～4 strain.In summary,when the daily rainfall was 1 mm,it was the minimum rainfall threshold for germination of Artemisia scoparia seeds,and rainfall had a very important impact on the germination of Artemisia scoparia seeds in soil seed banks.
引文
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[13] 王俊,白瑜.土壤种子库研究的几个热点问题[J].生态环境学报,2006,15(6): 1372-1379.
[14] 陈林,杨新国,宋乃平,等.种植年限对荒漠草原区苜蓿地表层土壤特性的影响[J].浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版),2014,40(5): 541-550.
[15] 王勇,梁宗锁,龚春梅,等.干旱胁迫对黄土高原4种蒿属植物叶形态解剖学特征的影响[J].生态学报,2014,34(16):4535-4548.
[16] 徐海量,叶茂,李吉枚,等.不同水分供应对塔里木河下游土壤种子库种子萌发的影响[J].干旱区地理(汉文版),2008,31(5): 650-658.
[17] 单立山,李毅,张正中,等.人工模拟降雨格局变化对红砂种子萌发的影响[J].生态学报,2017,37(16): 5382-5390.
[18] Gillespie I G,Loik M E.Pulse events in Great Basin Desert shrublands:Physiological responses of Artemisia tridentata and Purshia tridentata seedlings to increased summer precipitation[J].Journal of Arid Environments,2004,59(1):41-57.
[19] Zhu Y,Yang X,Baskin C C,et al.Effects of amount and frequency of precipitation and sand burial on seed germination,seedling emergence and survival of the dune grass Leymus secalinus in semiarid China[J].Plant & Soil,2014,374(1-2): 399-409.
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[21] 邵文山.荒漠草原区4种植物群落土壤特性和种子库的研究[D].宁夏: 宁夏大学,2017.
[22] 闫建成,梁存柱,付晓玥,等.草原与荒漠一年生植物性状对降水变化的响应[J].草业学报,2013,22(1): 68-76.
[23] 马赟花,张铜会,刘新平,等.春季小降雨事件对科尔沁沙地尖头叶藜萌发的影响[J].生态学报,2015,35(12): 4063-4070.
[24] Brown G.Community composition and population dynamics in response to artificial rainfall in an undisturbed desert annual community in Kuwait[J].Basic & Applied Ecology,2002,3(2): 145-156.
[25] 彭文栋,朱建宁,王川,等.以猪毛蒿为优势种荒漠化草场补播改良技术研究[J].宁夏农林科技,2013,54(1): 16-18.
[26] 杜峰,梁宗锁,山仑,等.黄土丘陵区不同立地条件下猪毛蒿种内、种间竞争[J].植物生态学报,2006,30(4): 601-609.
[2] Ryana S.Precipitation pulses and soil CO2 flux in a Sonoran Desert ecosystem[J].Global Change Biology,2007,13(2):426-436.
[3] 陈林,杨新国,翟德苹,等.柠条秸秆和地膜覆盖对土壤水分和玉米产量的影响[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(2): 108-116.
[4] Vile D,Pervent M,Belluau M,et al.Arabidopsis growth under prolonged high temperature and water deficit: independent or interactive effects?[J].Plant Cell & Environment,2012,35(4): 702.
[5] Walck J L,Hidayati S N,Dixon K W,et al.Climate change and plant regeneration from seed[J].Global Change Biology,2011,17(6): 2145-2161.
[6] 王英,曹明奎,陶波,等.全球气候变化背景下中国降水量空间格局的变化特征[J].地理研究,2006,25(6): 1031-1041.
[7] 杜华栋,焦菊英,寇萌,等.黄土高原先锋种猪毛蒿叶片形态解剖与生理特征对立地的适应性[J].生态学报,2016,36(10):2914-2925.
[8] Jiao F,Yao Jun B U,Jiao J Y.Natural restoration of vegetation and dynamic changes of species diversity in gully regions on loess plateau[J].Research of Soil & Water Conservation,2005,12(1): 1-3.
[9] Thompson K,Grime J P.Seasonal variation in the seed banks of herbaceous species in ten contrasting habitats[J].Journal of Ecology,1979,67(3): 893-921.
[10] 王增如,徐海量,尹林克,等.不同水分处理对激活土壤种子库的影响——以塔里木河下游为例[J].自然科学进展,2008,18(4): 389-396.
[11] 邓斌,任国华,刘志云,等.封育三年对三种高寒草地群落土壤种子库的影响[J].草业学报,2012,21(5): 23-31.
[12] 鱼小军,师尚礼,龙瑞军,等.生态条件对种子萌发影响研究进展[J].草业科学,2006,23(10): 44-49.
[13] 王俊,白瑜.土壤种子库研究的几个热点问题[J].生态环境学报,2006,15(6): 1372-1379.
[14] 陈林,杨新国,宋乃平,等.种植年限对荒漠草原区苜蓿地表层土壤特性的影响[J].浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版),2014,40(5): 541-550.
[15] 王勇,梁宗锁,龚春梅,等.干旱胁迫对黄土高原4种蒿属植物叶形态解剖学特征的影响[J].生态学报,2014,34(16):4535-4548.
[16] 徐海量,叶茂,李吉枚,等.不同水分供应对塔里木河下游土壤种子库种子萌发的影响[J].干旱区地理(汉文版),2008,31(5): 650-658.
[17] 单立山,李毅,张正中,等.人工模拟降雨格局变化对红砂种子萌发的影响[J].生态学报,2017,37(16): 5382-5390.
[18] Gillespie I G,Loik M E.Pulse events in Great Basin Desert shrublands:Physiological responses of Artemisia tridentata and Purshia tridentata seedlings to increased summer precipitation[J].Journal of Arid Environments,2004,59(1):41-57.
[19] Zhu Y,Yang X,Baskin C C,et al.Effects of amount and frequency of precipitation and sand burial on seed germination,seedling emergence and survival of the dune grass Leymus secalinus in semiarid China[J].Plant & Soil,2014,374(1-2): 399-409.
[20] 段桂芳.模拟降水格局变化对红砂种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响[D].甘肃: 甘肃农业大学,2016.
[21] 邵文山.荒漠草原区4种植物群落土壤特性和种子库的研究[D].宁夏: 宁夏大学,2017.
[22] 闫建成,梁存柱,付晓玥,等.草原与荒漠一年生植物性状对降水变化的响应[J].草业学报,2013,22(1): 68-76.
[23] 马赟花,张铜会,刘新平,等.春季小降雨事件对科尔沁沙地尖头叶藜萌发的影响[J].生态学报,2015,35(12): 4063-4070.
[24] Brown G.Community composition and population dynamics in response to artificial rainfall in an undisturbed desert annual community in Kuwait[J].Basic & Applied Ecology,2002,3(2): 145-156.
[25] 彭文栋,朱建宁,王川,等.以猪毛蒿为优势种荒漠化草场补播改良技术研究[J].宁夏农林科技,2013,54(1): 16-18.
[26] 杜峰,梁宗锁,山仑,等.黄土丘陵区不同立地条件下猪毛蒿种内、种间竞争[J].植物生态学报,2006,30(4): 601-609.