Inclusions in large diamond single crystals at different temperatures of synthesis
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摘要
The inclusions in large diamond single crystals have effects on its ultimate performance, which restricts its industrial applications to a great extent. Therefore, it is necessary to study the inclusions systematically. In this paper, large diamond single crystals with different content values of inclusions are synthesized along the(100) surface by the temperature gradient method(TGM) under 5.6 GPa at different temperatures. With the synthetic temperature changing from 1200?C to 1270?C,the shapes of diamonds change from plate to low tower, to high tower, even to steeple. From the microscopic photographs of the diamond samples, it can be observed that with the shapes of the samples changing at different temperatures, the content values of inclusions in diamonds become zero, a little, much and most, correspondingly. Consequently, with the temperature growing from low to high, the content values of inclusions in crystals increase. The origin of inclusions is explained by the difference in growth rate between diamond crystal and its surface. The content values of inclusions in diamond samples are quantitatively calculated by testing the densities of diamond samples. And the composition and inclusion content are analyzed by energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS) and x-ray diffraction(XRD). From contrasting scanning electron microscopy(SEM) photographs, it can be found that the more the inclusions in diamond, the more imperfect the diamond surface is.
The inclusions in large diamond single crystals have effects on its ultimate performance, which restricts its industrial applications to a great extent. Therefore, it is necessary to study the inclusions systematically. In this paper, large diamond single crystals with different content values of inclusions are synthesized along the(100) surface by the temperature gradient method(TGM) under 5.6 GPa at different temperatures. With the synthetic temperature changing from 1200?C to 1270?C,the shapes of diamonds change from plate to low tower, to high tower, even to steeple. From the microscopic photographs of the diamond samples, it can be observed that with the shapes of the samples changing at different temperatures, the content values of inclusions in diamonds become zero, a little, much and most, correspondingly. Consequently, with the temperature growing from low to high, the content values of inclusions in crystals increase. The origin of inclusions is explained by the difference in growth rate between diamond crystal and its surface. The content values of inclusions in diamond samples are quantitatively calculated by testing the densities of diamond samples. And the composition and inclusion content are analyzed by energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS) and x-ray diffraction(XRD). From contrasting scanning electron microscopy(SEM) photographs, it can be found that the more the inclusions in diamond, the more imperfect the diamond surface is.
The inclusions in large diamond single crystals have effects on its ultimate performance, which restricts its industrial applications to a great extent. Therefore, it is necessary to study the inclusions systematically. In this paper, large diamond single crystals with different content values of inclusions are synthesized along the(100) surface by the temperature gradient method(TGM) under 5.6 GPa at different temperatures. With the synthetic temperature changing from 1200?C to 1270?C,the shapes of diamonds change from plate to low tower, to high tower, even to steeple. From the microscopic photographs of the diamond samples, it can be observed that with the shapes of the samples changing at different temperatures, the content values of inclusions in diamonds become zero, a little, much and most, correspondingly. Consequently, with the temperature growing from low to high, the content values of inclusions in crystals increase. The origin of inclusions is explained by the difference in growth rate between diamond crystal and its surface. The content values of inclusions in diamond samples are quantitatively calculated by testing the densities of diamond samples. And the composition and inclusion content are analyzed by energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS) and x-ray diffraction(XRD). From contrasting scanning electron microscopy(SEM) photographs, it can be found that the more the inclusions in diamond, the more imperfect the diamond surface is.
引文
[1]Li S S,Ma H A,Li X L,Su T C,Huang G F,Li Y and Jia X P 2011Chin.Phys.B 20 028103
[2]Sumiya H,Toda N and Satoh S 2002 J.Crystal Growth 237-239 1281
[3]Sumiya H,Toda N,Nishibayashi Y and Satoh S 1997 J.Crystal Growth178 485
[4]Li Y,Jia X P,Shi W,Leng S L,Ma H A,Sun S S,Wang F B,Chen Nand Long Y 2014 Int.J.Refract.Met.Hard Mater.43 147
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[7]Hu M H,Li S S,Ma H A,Su T C,Li X L,Hu Q and Jia X P 2012 Chin.Phys.B 21 098101
[8]Zhang H,Li S S,Su T C,Hu M H,Li G H,Ma H A and Jia X P 2016Chin.Phys.B 25 118104
[9]Novikov N V 1999 Diam.Relat.Mater.8 1427
[10]Zhang H,Li S S,Su T C,Hu M H,Ma H A,Jia X P and Li Y 2017Chin.Phys.B 26 058102
[11]Yin L W,Li M S,Sun D S and Cui J J 2001 Mater.Lett.48 21
[12]Zhou L,Jia X P,Ma H A,Zheng Y J and Li Y T 2008 Chin.Phys.B 174665
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[17]Chen L X and Li X Y 2004 J.Gems Gemmol.6 25(in Chinese)
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[19]Khokhryakov A F and Nechaev D V 2015 Russ.Geol.Geophys.56 232
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[21]Bharuth-Ram K and Hansen M F 2002 Physica B 321 29
[22]Eaton-Maga?na S,Ardon T and Zaitsev A M 2017 Diamond Relat.Mater.71 20
[23]Nestola F,Cerantola V,Milani S,Anzolini C,McCammon C,Novella D,Kupenko I,Chumakov A,R¨uffer R and Harris J W 2016 Lithos 265328
[24]Ma H A,Jia X P,Chen L X,Zhu P W,Guo W L,Guo X B,Wang Y D,Li S Q,Zou G T,Zhang G and Bex P 2002 J.Phys.:Condens.Matter14 11269
[25]Zhang H,Li S S,Su T C,Hu M H,Zhou Y M,Fan H T,Gong C S,Jia X P,Ma H A and Xiao H Y 2015 Acta Phys.Sin.64 198103(in Chinese)
[26]Zhang Y,Dong F X,Wan S Q,Xie X J,Gong L J,Wang Y F and Qiu L X 2011 J.Jilin Univ.Sci.Ed.49 935(in Chinese)
[27]Wang J Z,Li S S,Su T C,Hu M H,Hu Q,Wu Y M,Wang J K,Han F,Yu K P,Gao G J,Guo M M,Jia X P,Ma H A and Xiao H Y 2018 Acta Phys.Sin.67 168101(in Chinese)
[28]Sun S S,Jia X P,Yan B M,Wang F B,Li Y D,Chen N and Ma H A2014 Diamond Relat.Mater.42 21
[29]Agros`?G,Nestola F,Tempesta G,Bruno M,Scandale E and Harris J2016 Lithos 248-251 153
[30]Moore M,Nailer S G and Wierzchowski W K 2016 Crystals 6 71
[2]Sumiya H,Toda N and Satoh S 2002 J.Crystal Growth 237-239 1281
[3]Sumiya H,Toda N,Nishibayashi Y and Satoh S 1997 J.Crystal Growth178 485
[4]Li Y,Jia X P,Shi W,Leng S L,Ma H A,Sun S S,Wang F B,Chen Nand Long Y 2014 Int.J.Refract.Met.Hard Mater.43 147
[5]Li Z C,Jia X P,Huang G F,Hu M H,Li Y,Yan B M and Ma H A 2013Chin.Phys.B 22 014701
[6]Xiao H Y,Jia X P,Zang C Y,Li S S,Tian Y,Zhang Y F,huang G F,Ma L Q and Ma H A 2008 Chin.Phys.Lett.25 1469
[7]Hu M H,Li S S,Ma H A,Su T C,Li X L,Hu Q and Jia X P 2012 Chin.Phys.B 21 098101
[8]Zhang H,Li S S,Su T C,Hu M H,Li G H,Ma H A and Jia X P 2016Chin.Phys.B 25 118104
[9]Novikov N V 1999 Diam.Relat.Mater.8 1427
[10]Zhang H,Li S S,Su T C,Hu M H,Ma H A,Jia X P and Li Y 2017Chin.Phys.B 26 058102
[11]Yin L W,Li M S,Sun D S and Cui J J 2001 Mater.Lett.48 21
[12]Zhou L,Jia X P,Ma H A,Zheng Y J and Li Y T 2008 Chin.Phys.B 174665
[13]Gong C S,Li S S,Zhang H R,Su T C,Hu M H,Ma H A,Jia X P and Li Y 2017 Int.J.Refract.Met.Hard Mater.66 116
[14]Langenhorst F,Poirier J P and Forst D J 2004 J.Mater.Sci.39 1865
[15]Yin L W,Wang N W,Zou Z D,Li M S,Sun D S,Zheng P Z and Yao ZY 2000 Appl.Phys.A 71 473
[16]Yin L W,Zou Z D,Li M S,Liu Y X,Cui J J and Hao Z Y 2000 Mater.Sci.Eng.A 293 107
[17]Chen L X and Li X Y 2004 J.Gems Gemmol.6 25(in Chinese)
[18]Neuser R D,Schertl H P,Logvinova A M and Sobolev N V 2015 Russ.Geol.Geophys.56 321
[19]Khokhryakov A F and Nechaev D V 2015 Russ.Geol.Geophys.56 232
[20]Angel R J,Alvaro M,Nestola F and Mazzucchelli M L 2015 Russ.Geol.Geophys.56 211
[21]Bharuth-Ram K and Hansen M F 2002 Physica B 321 29
[22]Eaton-Maga?na S,Ardon T and Zaitsev A M 2017 Diamond Relat.Mater.71 20
[23]Nestola F,Cerantola V,Milani S,Anzolini C,McCammon C,Novella D,Kupenko I,Chumakov A,R¨uffer R and Harris J W 2016 Lithos 265328
[24]Ma H A,Jia X P,Chen L X,Zhu P W,Guo W L,Guo X B,Wang Y D,Li S Q,Zou G T,Zhang G and Bex P 2002 J.Phys.:Condens.Matter14 11269
[25]Zhang H,Li S S,Su T C,Hu M H,Zhou Y M,Fan H T,Gong C S,Jia X P,Ma H A and Xiao H Y 2015 Acta Phys.Sin.64 198103(in Chinese)
[26]Zhang Y,Dong F X,Wan S Q,Xie X J,Gong L J,Wang Y F and Qiu L X 2011 J.Jilin Univ.Sci.Ed.49 935(in Chinese)
[27]Wang J Z,Li S S,Su T C,Hu M H,Hu Q,Wu Y M,Wang J K,Han F,Yu K P,Gao G J,Guo M M,Jia X P,Ma H A and Xiao H Y 2018 Acta Phys.Sin.67 168101(in Chinese)
[28]Sun S S,Jia X P,Yan B M,Wang F B,Li Y D,Chen N and Ma H A2014 Diamond Relat.Mater.42 21
[29]Agros`?G,Nestola F,Tempesta G,Bruno M,Scandale E and Harris J2016 Lithos 248-251 153
[30]Moore M,Nailer S G and Wierzchowski W K 2016 Crystals 6 71