黄河口及其邻近水域鱼类生态类群组成及其季节变化
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摘要
根据2013—2014年在黄河口及邻近水域进行的7个航次的渔业资源底拖网调查数据,采用聚类分析和非度量多维标度排序等方法,研究了目前该水域生态环境条件下鱼类生态类群组成及其季节变化。研究表明,本次调查共捕获鱼类51种,隶属硬骨鱼纲10目27科43属;其中定居性鱼类30种,洄游性鱼类17种,河口性4种;暖温种30种,暖水种15种,冷温种6种。暖温种和定居种种数和平均网获量在各季节中均占绝对优势。春季鱼类27种,其中暖温种15种,定居性种类19种;夏季鱼类34种,暖温种和定居性种类分别为20和12种;秋季鱼类30种,暖温种和暖水种分别为16和14种,定居性种类18种;冬季鱼类15种,暖温种11种,暖水种2种,定居性种类12种。暖温性鱼类、洄游性鱼类平均网获量均在夏季最高。聚类分析和非度量多维标度排序分析表明,可将16种主要鱼类划分为A～D共4个种类群。A、B类群夏秋季在黄河口水域分布广泛,数量和质量上均占优势,该类群多为洄游性种类;C类群主要由定居种组成,各季节均有分布,春季和夏季分布较广,该类群已适应黄河口多变的环境;D类群主要为河口性鱼类,冬季较多。4个种类群平均网获量较高的站位主要集中在河口区。黄河口水域鱼类生态类群组成及其季节变化可能主要与水域温度变化、营养盐分布和鱼类洄游等有关。
It is helpful for understanding fish community structure and its dynamics to identify the composition of ecological groups.Based on the data collected from the bottom trawl surveys from June 2013 to May 2014 in the Yellow River estuary and its adjacent waters,the species composition of different ecological groups and their seasonal changes were examined using cluster analysis(CLUSTER)and nonmetric multidimensional scaling(NMDS).The results showed that 51 fish species in total were identified,which belonged to 10 orders,27 families,and 43 genera.There were 30 settled fish species with their mean catch weight and number accounting for 36.00%and 29.14%of the total,respectively,four estuarine fish species and 18 migratory fish species.There were 31 warm temperate fish species,and their catch weight and number occupied 85.69%and 95.31%,respectively.There were 6 cold temperate species and 15 warm water species.The mean catch weight and number of warm temperate and migratory fish species were the highest in summer.CLUSTER and NMDS analyses showed that 16 main fish species were classified into four species-groups.The A and B groups widely distributed in the Yellow River estuary in summer and autumn,and most of them were migratory.The C group as mainly composed of settled fish species,and widely distributed in spring and summer.The D group was mainly estuarine fish species and more fish species were caught in winter.The stations with higher mean catch weight and number for the four groups were mainly concentrated in the estuary area.The fish groups adapted to the ecological environments in the Yellow River estuary.In general,the seasonal variation of eco-groups and species compositions in the Yellow River estuary and its adjacent waters may be affected by the changes of water temperature,nutrient distribution and fish migration.
It is helpful for understanding fish community structure and its dynamics to identify the composition of ecological groups.Based on the data collected from the bottom trawl surveys from June 2013 to May 2014 in the Yellow River estuary and its adjacent waters,the species composition of different ecological groups and their seasonal changes were examined using cluster analysis(CLUSTER)and nonmetric multidimensional scaling(NMDS).The results showed that 51 fish species in total were identified,which belonged to 10 orders,27 families,and 43 genera.There were 30 settled fish species with their mean catch weight and number accounting for 36.00%and 29.14%of the total,respectively,four estuarine fish species and 18 migratory fish species.There were 31 warm temperate fish species,and their catch weight and number occupied 85.69%and 95.31%,respectively.There were 6 cold temperate species and 15 warm water species.The mean catch weight and number of warm temperate and migratory fish species were the highest in summer.CLUSTER and NMDS analyses showed that 16 main fish species were classified into four species-groups.The A and B groups widely distributed in the Yellow River estuary in summer and autumn,and most of them were migratory.The C group as mainly composed of settled fish species,and widely distributed in spring and summer.The D group was mainly estuarine fish species and more fish species were caught in winter.The stations with higher mean catch weight and number for the four groups were mainly concentrated in the estuary area.The fish groups adapted to the ecological environments in the Yellow River estuary.In general,the seasonal variation of eco-groups and species compositions in the Yellow River estuary and its adjacent waters may be affected by the changes of water temperature,nutrient distribution and fish migration.
引文
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[6]李少文,张莹,李凡,等.调水调沙对黄河口海域大型底栖动物群落的影响[J].环境科学研究,2015,28(2):259-266.Li S W,Zhang Y,LI F,et al.Effects of water and sediment discharge regulation on macrobenthic community in the Yellow River Estuary[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2015,28(2):259-266.
[7]陈大刚.黄渤海渔业生态学[M].北京:海洋出版社,1991.Chen D G.Fishery Ecology in the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea[M].Beijing:China Ocean Press,1991.
[8] Jin X.Long-term changes in fish community structure in the Bohai Sea,China[J].Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science,2004,59(1):163-171.
[9]翟璐,徐宾铎,纪毓鹏,等.黄河口及其邻近水域夏季鱼类群落空间格局及其与环境因子的关系[J].应用生态学报,2015,26(9):2852-2858.Zhai L,Xu B D,Ji Y P,et al.Spatial pattern of fish assemblage and the relationship with environmental factors in Yellow River Estuary and its adjacent waters in summer[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2015,26(9):2852-2858.
[10]吕振波,李凡,曲业兵,等.2010年夏季黄河口及邻近海域鱼类群落多样性[J].渔业科学进展,2013,34(2):10-18.Lv Z B,Li F,Qu Y B,et al.Fish community diversity in the Huanghe estuary and its adjacent area in summer,2010[J].Progress in Fishery Sciences,2013,34(2):10-18.
[11]中国国家重量监督检验检疫总局.海洋调查规范第6部分:海洋生物调查(GB/T 12763.6-2007)[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2007.General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine of the People’s Republic of China.Specifications for Oceanographic Survey-Part 6:Marine Biological Survey(GB/T2763.6-2007)[S].Beijing:China Standard Press,2007.
[12]刘静,宁平.黄海鱼类组成、区系特征及历史变迁[J].生物多样性,2011,19(6):764-769.Liu J,Ning P.Species composition and faunal characteristics of fishes in the Yellow Sea[J].Biodiversity Science,2011,19(6):764-769.
[13] Whitfield A K,Elliott M.Fishes as indicators of environmental and ecological changes within estuaries:A review of progress and some suggestions for the future[J].Journal of Fish Biology,2002,61:229-250.
[14] Clarke K R,Warwick R M.Change in Marine Communities:An Approach to Statistical Analysis and Interpretation[M].Plymouth:PRIMER-E Ltd,2001.
[15] Khalaf M A,Kochzius M.Changes in trophic community structure of shore fishes at an industrial site in the Gulf of Aqaba,Red Sea[J].Marine Ecology Progress Series,2002,239:287-299.
[16] Clarke K R,Gorley R N.PRIMER v5:User Manual/Tutorial[M].Plymouth,UK:PRIMER-E,2001.
[17] Harrison T D,Whitfield A K.A multi-metric fish index to assess the environmental condition of estuaries[J].Journal of Fish Biology,2004,65:683-710.
[18] Singh A K,Hasnain S I,Banerjee D K.Grain size and geochemical partitioning of heavy metals in sediments of the Damodar River–a tributary of the lower Ganga,India[J].Environmental Geology,1999,39(1):90-98.
[19]唐启升,叶懋中.山东近海渔业资源开发与保护[M].北京:农业出版社,1990.Tang Q S,Ye M Z.The Exploitation and Conservation of Nearshore Fisheries Resources of Shandong[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press,1990.
[20]郑亮.黄河口海域鱼类群落结构初步研究[D].上海:上海海洋大学,2014.Zheng L.Preliminary Study of Fish Community Structure in Yellow River Estuary Waters[D].Shanghai:Shanghai Ocean University,2014.
[21]史赟荣,晁敏,沈新强.长江口张网鱼类群落结构特征及月相变化[J].海洋学报,2014,36(2):81-92.Shi Y R,Chao M,Shen X Q.Characteristics and monthly variations of set net fish community structure in the Changjiang River estuary[J].Haiyang Xuebao,2014,36(2):81-92.
[22]高佳,陈学恩,于华明,等.黄河口海域潮汐、潮流、余流、切变锋数值模拟[J].海洋通报,2016,18(1):1-8.Gao J,Chen X E,Yu H M,et al.Numerical simulation of tides,tidal currents and residual currents in the Yellow River estuary[J].Marine Science Bulletin,2016,18(1):1-8.
[23]叶懋中,章隼.黄渤海区鳀鱼的分布、洄游和探察方法[J].水产学报,1965,2(2):27-34.Ye M Z,Zhang Z.The distribution and behavior of Engraulis japonicus temminck and schlegel and its detection in the north China seas(Hwang-hai and Po-hai)[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,1965,2(2):27-34.
[24]张孟海,孙同秋,李永明,等.渤海南部黄鲫季节分布的研究[J].齐鲁渔业,1995,4:10-13.Zhang M H,Sun T Q,Li Y M,et al.On seasonal distribution of Setipinna taty in Southern Bohai Sea[J].Shandong Fisheries,1995,4:10-13.
[25]韩东燕.胶州湾主要虾虎鱼类摄食生态的研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2013.Han D Y.Study on Feeding Ecology of Dominant Gobiid Fishes in Jiaozhou Bay[D].Qingdao:Ocean University of China,2013.
[26]田家怡.黄河三角洲附近海域浮洲植物多样性[J].海洋环境科学,1998,19(2):38-42.Tian J Y.Diversity of phytoplankton in the sea near Yellow River Delta[J].Marine Environmental Science,1998,19(2):38-42.
[27]窦硕增,陈大刚.黄河三角洲安氏新银鱼和居氏银鱼的渔业生物学研究[J].海洋通报,1993,12(4):63-68.Dou S Z,Chen D G.Fisheries biology of Neosalanx anderssoni and Salanx cuvier of Yellow River delta[J].Marine Science Bulletin,1993,12(4):63-68.
[28]管伟,徐兆礼,严太亮.福建中部近海鱼类生态类群的季节变化[J].水产学报,2017,41(4):535-546.Guan W,Xu Z L,Yan T L.Seasonal variation of ecological groups of fish in the coastal waters of central Fujian Province[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2017,41(4):535-546.
[2]金显仕,赵宪勇,孟田湘,等.黄、渤海生物资源与栖息环境[M].北京:科学出版社,2005.Jin X S,Zhao X Y,Meng T X,et al.Living Resources and Habitat Environment of Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea[M].Beijing:Science Press,2005.
[3]邓景耀,金显仕.莱州湾及黄河口水域渔业生物多样性及其保护研究[J].动物学研究,2000,21(1):76-82.Deng J Y,Jin X S.Study on fishery biodiversity and its conservation in Laizhou Bay and Yellow River estuary[J].Zoological Research,2000,21(1):76-82.
[4]朱鑫华,缪锋,刘栋,等.黄河口及邻近海域鱼类群落时空格局与优势种特征研究[J].海洋科学集刊,2001,43(43):141-151.Zhu X H,Miu F,Liu D,et al.Spatiotemporal pattern and dominant component of fish community in the Yellow River estuary and its adjacent waters[J].Studia Marina Sinica,2001,43(43):141-151.
[5]焦玉木,李会新.黄河断流对河口海域鱼类多样性的影响[J].海洋湖沼通报,1998,4:48-53.Jiao Y M,Li H X.Influence on fish diversity in the sea area off the Huanghe River estuary by the cutoff of water supply[J].Transactions of Oceanology and Limnology,1998,4:48-53.
[6]李少文,张莹,李凡,等.调水调沙对黄河口海域大型底栖动物群落的影响[J].环境科学研究,2015,28(2):259-266.Li S W,Zhang Y,LI F,et al.Effects of water and sediment discharge regulation on macrobenthic community in the Yellow River Estuary[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2015,28(2):259-266.
[7]陈大刚.黄渤海渔业生态学[M].北京:海洋出版社,1991.Chen D G.Fishery Ecology in the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea[M].Beijing:China Ocean Press,1991.
[8] Jin X.Long-term changes in fish community structure in the Bohai Sea,China[J].Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science,2004,59(1):163-171.
[9]翟璐,徐宾铎,纪毓鹏,等.黄河口及其邻近水域夏季鱼类群落空间格局及其与环境因子的关系[J].应用生态学报,2015,26(9):2852-2858.Zhai L,Xu B D,Ji Y P,et al.Spatial pattern of fish assemblage and the relationship with environmental factors in Yellow River Estuary and its adjacent waters in summer[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2015,26(9):2852-2858.
[10]吕振波,李凡,曲业兵,等.2010年夏季黄河口及邻近海域鱼类群落多样性[J].渔业科学进展,2013,34(2):10-18.Lv Z B,Li F,Qu Y B,et al.Fish community diversity in the Huanghe estuary and its adjacent area in summer,2010[J].Progress in Fishery Sciences,2013,34(2):10-18.
[11]中国国家重量监督检验检疫总局.海洋调查规范第6部分:海洋生物调查(GB/T 12763.6-2007)[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2007.General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine of the People’s Republic of China.Specifications for Oceanographic Survey-Part 6:Marine Biological Survey(GB/T2763.6-2007)[S].Beijing:China Standard Press,2007.
[12]刘静,宁平.黄海鱼类组成、区系特征及历史变迁[J].生物多样性,2011,19(6):764-769.Liu J,Ning P.Species composition and faunal characteristics of fishes in the Yellow Sea[J].Biodiversity Science,2011,19(6):764-769.
[13] Whitfield A K,Elliott M.Fishes as indicators of environmental and ecological changes within estuaries:A review of progress and some suggestions for the future[J].Journal of Fish Biology,2002,61:229-250.
[14] Clarke K R,Warwick R M.Change in Marine Communities:An Approach to Statistical Analysis and Interpretation[M].Plymouth:PRIMER-E Ltd,2001.
[15] Khalaf M A,Kochzius M.Changes in trophic community structure of shore fishes at an industrial site in the Gulf of Aqaba,Red Sea[J].Marine Ecology Progress Series,2002,239:287-299.
[16] Clarke K R,Gorley R N.PRIMER v5:User Manual/Tutorial[M].Plymouth,UK:PRIMER-E,2001.
[17] Harrison T D,Whitfield A K.A multi-metric fish index to assess the environmental condition of estuaries[J].Journal of Fish Biology,2004,65:683-710.
[18] Singh A K,Hasnain S I,Banerjee D K.Grain size and geochemical partitioning of heavy metals in sediments of the Damodar River–a tributary of the lower Ganga,India[J].Environmental Geology,1999,39(1):90-98.
[19]唐启升,叶懋中.山东近海渔业资源开发与保护[M].北京:农业出版社,1990.Tang Q S,Ye M Z.The Exploitation and Conservation of Nearshore Fisheries Resources of Shandong[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press,1990.
[20]郑亮.黄河口海域鱼类群落结构初步研究[D].上海:上海海洋大学,2014.Zheng L.Preliminary Study of Fish Community Structure in Yellow River Estuary Waters[D].Shanghai:Shanghai Ocean University,2014.
[21]史赟荣,晁敏,沈新强.长江口张网鱼类群落结构特征及月相变化[J].海洋学报,2014,36(2):81-92.Shi Y R,Chao M,Shen X Q.Characteristics and monthly variations of set net fish community structure in the Changjiang River estuary[J].Haiyang Xuebao,2014,36(2):81-92.
[22]高佳,陈学恩,于华明,等.黄河口海域潮汐、潮流、余流、切变锋数值模拟[J].海洋通报,2016,18(1):1-8.Gao J,Chen X E,Yu H M,et al.Numerical simulation of tides,tidal currents and residual currents in the Yellow River estuary[J].Marine Science Bulletin,2016,18(1):1-8.
[23]叶懋中,章隼.黄渤海区鳀鱼的分布、洄游和探察方法[J].水产学报,1965,2(2):27-34.Ye M Z,Zhang Z.The distribution and behavior of Engraulis japonicus temminck and schlegel and its detection in the north China seas(Hwang-hai and Po-hai)[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,1965,2(2):27-34.
[24]张孟海,孙同秋,李永明,等.渤海南部黄鲫季节分布的研究[J].齐鲁渔业,1995,4:10-13.Zhang M H,Sun T Q,Li Y M,et al.On seasonal distribution of Setipinna taty in Southern Bohai Sea[J].Shandong Fisheries,1995,4:10-13.
[25]韩东燕.胶州湾主要虾虎鱼类摄食生态的研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2013.Han D Y.Study on Feeding Ecology of Dominant Gobiid Fishes in Jiaozhou Bay[D].Qingdao:Ocean University of China,2013.
[26]田家怡.黄河三角洲附近海域浮洲植物多样性[J].海洋环境科学,1998,19(2):38-42.Tian J Y.Diversity of phytoplankton in the sea near Yellow River Delta[J].Marine Environmental Science,1998,19(2):38-42.
[27]窦硕增,陈大刚.黄河三角洲安氏新银鱼和居氏银鱼的渔业生物学研究[J].海洋通报,1993,12(4):63-68.Dou S Z,Chen D G.Fisheries biology of Neosalanx anderssoni and Salanx cuvier of Yellow River delta[J].Marine Science Bulletin,1993,12(4):63-68.
[28]管伟,徐兆礼,严太亮.福建中部近海鱼类生态类群的季节变化[J].水产学报,2017,41(4):535-546.Guan W,Xu Z L,Yan T L.Seasonal variation of ecological groups of fish in the coastal waters of central Fujian Province[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2017,41(4):535-546.