高速动车组垂向止挡异常振动特性及成因分析
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摘要
针对高速动车组在运营过程中出现的垂向止挡异常振动,且个别存在明显断裂裂纹的典型振动问题,基于现场车轮粗糙度与振动响应同步测试,分析了镟修前后的车轮非圆特征及其对轴箱及垂向止挡振动特性的影响;采用试验与计算相结合的垂向止挡模态分析,确定了垂向止挡的模态特性,据此分析了高速动车组垂向止挡异常振动的成因。结果表明,测试的高速列车动车组车轮存在较为明显的25～27阶多边形,在192 km/h运营速度下,会对轴箱和垂向止挡形成显著的515Hz频率振动激励。而垂向止挡一阶弯曲模态频率也为510 Hz,且其模态应变最显著区域与断裂裂纹位置一致。由此可判断垂向止挡异常振动是车轮多边形激励引起垂向止挡结构共振所致。车轮镟修可有效减缓或抑制其异常振动,相关研究可为高速动车组减振降噪提供参考。
Aiming to the typical vibration problem of the abnormal vibration of the vertical block and individually obvious fracture cracks in the operation of high-speed EMUs, the wheel roughness characteristics before and after reprofiling and the influence to the vibration characteristics of the axle box and the vertical block are analyzed based on field test of wheel roughness and vibration response. The modal characteristics are obtained by using the vertical block mode analysis with the combination of experiment and calculation. The causes of the abnormal vibration of the vertical block of high-speed EMUs are analyzed. The results show that the 25-27 order polygons are existed on the wheel. At the speed of 192 km/h, a significant 515 Hz vibration excitation is formed to the axle box and vertical block. The first order bending mode frequency of the vertical block is also about 510 Hz and the most significant area of modal strain is the same as the fracture crack position. Therefore, it can be concluded that the abnormal vibration of the vertical block is caused by the structural resonance which is excitated by wheel polygonization. The abnormal vibration is significantly reduced or restrained due to reprofile. This study provides the reference for vibration and noise reduction of high-speed EMUs.
Aiming to the typical vibration problem of the abnormal vibration of the vertical block and individually obvious fracture cracks in the operation of high-speed EMUs, the wheel roughness characteristics before and after reprofiling and the influence to the vibration characteristics of the axle box and the vertical block are analyzed based on field test of wheel roughness and vibration response. The modal characteristics are obtained by using the vertical block mode analysis with the combination of experiment and calculation. The causes of the abnormal vibration of the vertical block of high-speed EMUs are analyzed. The results show that the 25-27 order polygons are existed on the wheel. At the speed of 192 km/h, a significant 515 Hz vibration excitation is formed to the axle box and vertical block. The first order bending mode frequency of the vertical block is also about 510 Hz and the most significant area of modal strain is the same as the fracture crack position. Therefore, it can be concluded that the abnormal vibration of the vertical block is caused by the structural resonance which is excitated by wheel polygonization. The abnormal vibration is significantly reduced or restrained due to reprofile. This study provides the reference for vibration and noise reduction of high-speed EMUs.
引文
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[2]袁雨青,李强,杨光,等高速列车齿轮箱线路测试与异常振动分析[J].铁道机车车辆,2016,36(1):24-29.YUAN Yuqing,LI Qiang,YANG Guang,et al.Line test and abnormal vibration analysis of high-speed train gearbox[J].Railway Locomotive&Car,2016,36(1):24-29.
[3]韩光旭,张捷,肖新标,等.高速动车组车内异常振动噪声特性与车轮非圆化关系研究[J].机械工程学报,2014,50(22):113-121.HAN Guangxu,ZHANG Jie,XIAO Xinbiao,et al.Study on high-speed train abnormal interior vibration and noise related to wheel roughness[J].Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2014,50(22):113-121.
[4]雷晓燕,圣小珍.铁路交通噪声与振动[M].2版.北京:科学出版社,2004.LEI Xiaoyan,SHENG Xiaozhen.Railway traffic noise and vibration[M].2nd ed.Beijing:Science Press,2004.
[5]KALOUSEK J,JOHNSON K L.An investigation of short pitch wheel and rail corrugations on the vancouver mass transit system[J].Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit,1992,206(F):127-135.
[6]NIELSEN J C O,JOHANSSON A.Out-of-round railway wheels-a literature survey[J].Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers,Part F:Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit,2000:214(2):79-91.
[7]BARKE D W,CHIU W K.A review of the effects of out-of-round wheels on track and vehicle components[J].Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers,Part F:Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit,2005,219(3):151-175.
[8]JOHANSSON A.Out-of-round railway wheelsassessment of wheel tread irregularities in train traffic[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,2006,293(3):795-806.
[9]SNYDER T,STONE D H,KRISTAN J.Wheel flat and out-of round formation and growth[C]//Rail Conference,2003.Proceedings of the 2003 IEEE/ASME Joint.2003:143-148.
[10]CASAS J M,MAZZOLA L,BAEZA L,et al.Numerical estimation of stress in railway axles using a train-track interaction model[J].International Journal of Fatigue,2013,47:18-30.
[11]罗仁,曾京,邬平波,等.高速列车车轮不圆顺磨耗仿真及分析[J].铁道学报,2010,32(5):30-35.LUO Ren,ZENG Jing,WU Pingbo,et al.Simulation and analysis of wheel out-of-roundness wear of high-speed train[J].Journal of the China Railway Society,2010,32(5):30-35.
[12]WU Xingwen,CHI Maoru,WU Pingbo.Influence of polygonal wear of railway wheels on the wheel set axle stress[J].Vehicle System Dynamics,2015,53(11):1535-1554.
[13]HAN Jian,ZHONG Shuoqiao,XIAO Xinbiao,et al.High-speed wheel/rail contact determining method with rotating flexible wheelset and validation under wheel polygon excitation[J].Vehicle System Dynamics,2017,1-17.
[14]孙伟.车轮不圆对轴箱转臂疲劳强度的影响[D].成都:西南交通大学,2012.SUN Wei.Effect of no circular-wheel on alxe-box rotating arm fatigue strength[D].Chengdou:Southwest Jiaotong University,2012.
[15]王忆佳,曾京,罗仁,等.高速列车车轮多边形化对车辆动力学性能的影响[J].四川大学学报,2013,45(3):176-182.WANG Yijia,ZENG Jing,LUO Ren,et al.Effect of polygonal wheel on vehicle dynamic performance[J].Journal of Sichuan University,2013,45(3):176-182.
[16]吴磊,钟硕乔,金学松,等.车轮多边形化对车辆运行安全性能的影响[J].交通运输工程学报,2011,11(3):47-54.WU Lei,ZHONG Shuoqiao,JIN Xuesong,et al.Influence of polygonal wheel on running safety of vehicle[J].Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering,2011,11(3):47-54.