摘要
本文主要对低温调相型Vuilleumier(VM)型脉冲管制冷机进行了数值计算研究。系统采用小孔气库和双向进气为调相方式,低温调相是指将气库置于热压缩机冷端换热器上。基于Sage软件进行了整机模拟,以无负荷制冷温度最低为目标函数,研究了平均压力、频率和热压缩机冷端温度等运行参数对制冷机性能的影响,并与室温调相型制冷机的性能进行对比。为了进一步理解制冷机的工作原理,分析了脉冲管制冷机内声功流和压力波等的沿程分布和相位关系。计算结果表明,在相同的运行工况下,低温调相型制冷机的性能优于室温调相型制冷机,在平均压力2 MPa、排出器位移6 mm、运行频率3 Hz,热压缩机热端温度和冷端温度分别是293 K和77 K时,低温调相型制冷机获得了5.12 K的无负荷制冷温度。
In this paper, the Vuilleumier(VM) pulse tube cryocooler(PTC) with cold phase shifter was studied. The system utilizes orifice and double-inlet as the phase shifter, and cold phase shifter refers to that reservoir is placed in the cold end of the thermal compressor. Based on the Sage software, the simulation was carried out. With the lowest no-load temperature as objective function,the effects of operating parameters such as average pressure, frequency and cold end temperature of thermal compressor on the performance of cryocooler were studied, which were compared with that of cryocooler used warm-temperature phase shifter as well. In order to further understand the working principle of the cryocooler, the distribution of acoustic flow, pressure wave and phase relationship were analyzed. The results show that under the same operating conditions, the performance of cryocooler with cold phase shifter is better than that with warm-temperature phase shifter. A lowest no-load temperature of 5.12 K was obtained at the average pressure of 2 MPa, displacer displacement of 6 mm, operating frequency of 3 Hz, warm end temperature and cold end temperature for thermal compressor of 293 K and 77 K, respectively.
引文
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