基于蚁群算法的土石方调配优化
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摘要
土石方调配是大型工程建设的重要组成部分,对降低工程成本,缩短工期具有重要意义。传统的土石方调配模型大多是线性规划模型,不仅需要将调配过程中的非线性关系简化为线性关系,而且未考虑调配过程中设备的施工次序,建立经济可行的调配方案的能力有限。为了弥补线性规划法的不足,本文建立了一种以总成本最小为目标,综合考虑施工次序、方向和调配量的土石方调配优化模型,并将土石方调配问题与旅行商问题类比,利用改进的蚁群算法对模型进行求解。最后以某实际工程为例对该方法进行了应用,案例分析结果表明,与线性规划法相比,本文方法可行,而且基于ArcGIS绘制的调配矢量指导图表达更直观。
Earthwork allocation is an important part of large-scale construction projects. It is of great significance to reduce construction cost and shorten construction period. The traditional earthwork allocation model is mostly linear programming model. Not only the non-linear relation needs to be simplified into the linear relation,but also the construction sequence is not considered in the allocation process. As a result,the traditional linear programming model is difficult to build an economically feasible allocation scheme. In order to overcome the disadvantages of the linear programming model,an optimization model was proposed which comprehensively considered construction sequence,direction,and transportation volume. The least total cost was the goal of this model. This paper analogized the earthwork allocation problem to the traveling salesman problem and solved this model by an improved ant colony algorithm. Finally,the application to a real project verifies the feasibility of the method,and the allocation vector map drawn based on ArcGIS is more intuitive to express.
Earthwork allocation is an important part of large-scale construction projects. It is of great significance to reduce construction cost and shorten construction period. The traditional earthwork allocation model is mostly linear programming model. Not only the non-linear relation needs to be simplified into the linear relation,but also the construction sequence is not considered in the allocation process. As a result,the traditional linear programming model is difficult to build an economically feasible allocation scheme. In order to overcome the disadvantages of the linear programming model,an optimization model was proposed which comprehensively considered construction sequence,direction,and transportation volume. The least total cost was the goal of this model. This paper analogized the earthwork allocation problem to the traveling salesman problem and solved this model by an improved ant colony algorithm. Finally,the application to a real project verifies the feasibility of the method,and the allocation vector map drawn based on ArcGIS is more intuitive to express.
引文
[1]习近平.决胜全面建成小康社会夺取新时代中国特色社会主义伟大胜利———在中国共产党第十九次全国代表大会上的报告[M].北京:人民出版社,2017.
[2]周厚贵,曹生荣,申明亮.土石方调配研究现状与发展方向[J].土木工程学报,2009,42(2):131-138.
[3] Moreb A A. Linear programming model for finding optimal roadway grades that minimize earthwork cost[J].European Journal of Operational Research,1996,93:148-154.
[4] Mohamad Karimi S,Jamshid Mousavi S,Kaveh A,et al. Fuzzy optimization model for earthwork allocations with imprecise parameters[J]. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management,2007,133(2):181-190.
[5]袁建丰.线性规划在三峡右岸土石方调配中的应用研究[J].水力发电学报,2006,25(1):99-103.
[6]於永和,曹生荣.堤防工程土石方调配优化模型与应用[J].武汉大学学报(工学版),2006,39(5):19-21.
[7]邓朗妮,罗日生,郭亮,等.基于线性规划数学模型算法的土方调配[J].土木工程与管理学报,2018,35(2):25-31.
[8] Henderson D,Vaughan D E,Jacobson S H,et al.Solving the shortest route cut and fill problem using simulated annealing[J]. European Journal of Operational Research,2003,145:72-84.
[9]王仁超,刘金飞,李仕奇,等.基于蚂蚁和粒子群算法的土石方调运优化方法研究[J].水利学报,2006,37(11):1393-1397.
[10]陈秀铜,李璐.基于改进粒子群算法的土石方调配优化研究[J].水力发电学报,2010,29(2):68-72.
[11]周瑞园.基于交通特性的土石坝工程的土石方调配优化[D].杭州:浙江大学,2016.
[12]王剑文,戴光明,谢柏桥,等.求解TSP问题算法综述[J].计算机工程与科学,2008,30(2):72-74.
[13]胡小兵,袁锐,黄席樾,等.蚁群算法原理的仿真研究[J].计算机仿真,2004,21(8):125-128.
[14]柯良军.蚁群智能优化方法及其应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2017.
[15]曲世洁,王子茹. Arc GIS结合Excel-VBA在土地平整土方量计算及调配的应用研究[J].水利与建筑工程学报,2011,9(3):113-118.
[16]林子臣.拟合法计算土方体积及计算参数对精度的影响[J].建筑技术,1997,28(5):349-350.
[2]周厚贵,曹生荣,申明亮.土石方调配研究现状与发展方向[J].土木工程学报,2009,42(2):131-138.
[3] Moreb A A. Linear programming model for finding optimal roadway grades that minimize earthwork cost[J].European Journal of Operational Research,1996,93:148-154.
[4] Mohamad Karimi S,Jamshid Mousavi S,Kaveh A,et al. Fuzzy optimization model for earthwork allocations with imprecise parameters[J]. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management,2007,133(2):181-190.
[5]袁建丰.线性规划在三峡右岸土石方调配中的应用研究[J].水力发电学报,2006,25(1):99-103.
[6]於永和,曹生荣.堤防工程土石方调配优化模型与应用[J].武汉大学学报(工学版),2006,39(5):19-21.
[7]邓朗妮,罗日生,郭亮,等.基于线性规划数学模型算法的土方调配[J].土木工程与管理学报,2018,35(2):25-31.
[8] Henderson D,Vaughan D E,Jacobson S H,et al.Solving the shortest route cut and fill problem using simulated annealing[J]. European Journal of Operational Research,2003,145:72-84.
[9]王仁超,刘金飞,李仕奇,等.基于蚂蚁和粒子群算法的土石方调运优化方法研究[J].水利学报,2006,37(11):1393-1397.
[10]陈秀铜,李璐.基于改进粒子群算法的土石方调配优化研究[J].水力发电学报,2010,29(2):68-72.
[11]周瑞园.基于交通特性的土石坝工程的土石方调配优化[D].杭州:浙江大学,2016.
[12]王剑文,戴光明,谢柏桥,等.求解TSP问题算法综述[J].计算机工程与科学,2008,30(2):72-74.
[13]胡小兵,袁锐,黄席樾,等.蚁群算法原理的仿真研究[J].计算机仿真,2004,21(8):125-128.
[14]柯良军.蚁群智能优化方法及其应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2017.
[15]曲世洁,王子茹. Arc GIS结合Excel-VBA在土地平整土方量计算及调配的应用研究[J].水利与建筑工程学报,2011,9(3):113-118.
[16]林子臣.拟合法计算土方体积及计算参数对精度的影响[J].建筑技术,1997,28(5):349-350.