温度及添加剂对甜高粱青贮饲料发酵品质及有氧稳定性的影响研究
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摘要
本试验旨在探讨温度及添加剂对甜高粱青贮饲料发酵品质及有氧稳定性的影响,为改善甜高粱青贮饲料的发酵特性及提高其营养品质提供理论依据。试验采用聚乙烯管作为青贮容器,在30℃和40℃条件下,设置对照(CK),二甲酸钾(KDF)和双乙酸钠(SDA) 6个处理,青贮60 d后进行相关指标的测定,结果表明:温度的升高显著(P<0. 05)降低了甜高粱青贮饲料的乳酸、乙酸、丙酸、V-score和有氧稳定性;添加剂的使用显著(P<0. 05)增加了乙酸、丙酸、水溶性碳水化合物、V-score和有氧稳定性;所有处理中,有氧稳定性最高的为KDF-30℃处理,其有氧稳定时间为232 h; 30℃条件下的KDF和SDA处理,其V-score评分均超过了86,达到了优质青贮饲料的评分标准。
The overall aim of the research was provided a theoretical basis for improving the fermentation characteristics and nutritional quality of sweet sorghum silage. To investigate the effects of temperature and additives on fermentation characteristics and aerobic stability,total six treatment was set in 30℃ and 40℃. The control( CK) had no added; the KDF group contained potassium diformate; the SDA group contained sodium diacetate. All of the additives was added to sweet sorghum and sealed in the polyethylene pipe. The following indexes were analyzed after 60 d. The results showed that: Compared to 30℃,the increase of the temperature could significantly( P<0. 05) decrease lactic acid,acetic acid,propionic acid,V-score and aerobic stability. Compared to control,the additives could significantly( P <0. 05) increase the acetic acid,propionic acid,water soluble carbohydrate,V-score and aerobic stability. The highest aerobic stability treatment was KDF-30℃( 232 h); The V-score of KDF and SDA treatments at 30℃ were exceeded 86,which reached the standard for evaluation of quality silage.
The overall aim of the research was provided a theoretical basis for improving the fermentation characteristics and nutritional quality of sweet sorghum silage. To investigate the effects of temperature and additives on fermentation characteristics and aerobic stability,total six treatment was set in 30℃ and 40℃. The control( CK) had no added; the KDF group contained potassium diformate; the SDA group contained sodium diacetate. All of the additives was added to sweet sorghum and sealed in the polyethylene pipe. The following indexes were analyzed after 60 d. The results showed that: Compared to 30℃,the increase of the temperature could significantly( P<0. 05) decrease lactic acid,acetic acid,propionic acid,V-score and aerobic stability. Compared to control,the additives could significantly( P <0. 05) increase the acetic acid,propionic acid,water soluble carbohydrate,V-score and aerobic stability. The highest aerobic stability treatment was KDF-30℃( 232 h); The V-score of KDF and SDA treatments at 30℃ were exceeded 86,which reached the standard for evaluation of quality silage.
引文
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[19]Ma X,Liu J,Zheng Z,et al.Effects of acetic and lactic acid in corn stover silage on aerobic stability and methane yield rate[J].Journal of China Agricultural University,2015,20(1):44-52.
[20]王勇,原现军,郭刚,等.西藏不同饲草全混合日粮发酵品质和有氧稳定性的研究[J].草业学报,2014,23(6):95-102.
[21]Weinberg Z G,Khanal P,Yildiz C,et al.Ensiling fermentation products and aerobic stability of corn and sorghum silages[J].Grassland science,2011,57(1):46-50.
[22]姜伯玲,王曙阳,陈积红,等.发酵温度对复合微生物菌剂青贮饲料品质的影响[J].中国草食动物科学,2016,(2):29-32.
[23]王超,西野直树.贮存温度和贮存期间对TMR青贮的发酵产物、有氧稳定性和微生物群态的影响[A].中国畜牧兽医学会2013年学术年会论文集[C],2013.
[2]Lima R,Lourenco M,Diaz R,et al.Effect of combined ensiling of sorghum and soybean with or without molasses and lactobacilli on silage quality and in vitro rumen fermentation[J].Animal feed science and technology,2010,155(2-4):122-131.
[3]张黎,王新勇,代兴荣.甜高粱在吐鲁番的发展前景分析[A].提高全民科学素质,建设创新型国家---2006中国科协年会论文集[C],2006.
[4]Woolford MK.Microbiological screening of food preservatives,cold sterilants and specific antimicrobial agents as potential silage additives[J].Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture,1975,26(2):229-237.
[5]Kung L,Sheperd A,Smagala A,et al.The Effect of Preservatives Based on Propionic Acid on the Fermentation and Aerobic Stability of Corn Silage and a Total Mixed Ration1[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1998,81(5):1322-1330.
[6]Kung L,Robinson J,Ranjit N,et al.Microbial Populations,Fermentation End-Products,and Aerobic Stability of Corn Silage Treated with Ammonia or a Propionic Acid-Based Preservative1[J].Journal of dairy science,2000,83(7):1479-1486.
[7]黄小春,吴灵英.二甲酸钾的功能和应用效果[J].粮食与饲料工业,2006,(4):36-37.
[8]林文爽.二甲酸钾的合成工艺及其在饲料防霉上的扩展应用研究[D].厦门:厦门大学,2008.
[9]葛明兰,沈齐英.双乙酸钠对霉菌的抑制作用[J].北京石油化工学院学报,2002,10(3):46-48.
[10]Muck R.Dry matter level effects on alfalfa silage quality I.Nitrogen transformations[J].Transactions of the ASAE,1987,30(1):7-14.
[11]刘平督.不同温度条件下紫花苜蓿青贮发酵品质的研究[D].南京:南京农业大学,2010.
[12]Zhang Q,Li X,Zhao M,et al.Lactic acid bacteria strains for enhancing the fermentation quality and aerobic stability of Leymus chinensis silage[J].Grass and Forage Science,2016,71(3):472-481.
[13]Takahashi T,Horiguchi Ki,Goto M.Effect of crushing unhulled rice and the addition of fermented juice of epiphytic lactic acid bacteria on the fermentation quality of whole crop rice silage,and its digestibility and rumen fermentation status in sheep[J].Animal Science Journal,2005,76(4):353-358.
[14]Zhang Q,Zhao M,Wang X,et al.Ensiling alfalfa with whole crop corn improves the silage quality and in vitro digestibility of the silage mixtures[J].Grassland Science,2017,63(4):211-217.
[15]张丽.不同添加剂对象草和水葫芦青贮品质的影响[D].福州:福建农林大学,2008.
[16]李茂,白昌军,周汉林.温度对王草青贮品质的影响[J].中国草食动物科学,2014,(S1):281-284.
[17]刘放.青贮温度与饲料品质的关系[J].国外畜牧科技,1981,(4):9.
[18]舒思敏,杨春华,唐志松,等.不同温度对扁穗牛鞭草袋装青贮发酵品质的影响[A].草学会饲料生产专业委员会第十六次学术研讨会论文集[C].2011.
[19]Ma X,Liu J,Zheng Z,et al.Effects of acetic and lactic acid in corn stover silage on aerobic stability and methane yield rate[J].Journal of China Agricultural University,2015,20(1):44-52.
[20]王勇,原现军,郭刚,等.西藏不同饲草全混合日粮发酵品质和有氧稳定性的研究[J].草业学报,2014,23(6):95-102.
[21]Weinberg Z G,Khanal P,Yildiz C,et al.Ensiling fermentation products and aerobic stability of corn and sorghum silages[J].Grassland science,2011,57(1):46-50.
[22]姜伯玲,王曙阳,陈积红,等.发酵温度对复合微生物菌剂青贮饲料品质的影响[J].中国草食动物科学,2016,(2):29-32.
[23]王超,西野直树.贮存温度和贮存期间对TMR青贮的发酵产物、有氧稳定性和微生物群态的影响[A].中国畜牧兽医学会2013年学术年会论文集[C],2013.