甜高粱青贮饲料中乳酸菌最佳添加剂量的探讨
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摘要
研究自制复合乳酸菌制剂对甜高粱秸秆青贮品质的影响,以探讨自制复合乳酸菌制剂对甜高粱秸秆青贮的最佳添加剂量。以甜高粱秸秆为材料,分别接种0.5mL/kg、1.0mL/kg、1.5mL/kg、2.0mL/kg、2.5mL/kg的自制菌剂和一定比例的中国台湾、美国商品青贮菌剂,并以不加菌剂为空白对照(CK)进行青贮,青贮后检测分析评价。添加自制菌剂后,乳酸含量明显提高(P<0.05),中性洗涤纤维含量显著降低(P<0.05),氨基酸态氮/总氮含量下降。添加量为1.5mL/kg时,乳酸含量最高,较对照高了177.15%,较美国、中国台湾分别高出29.90%、31.18%;粗蛋白含量最高,比对照高了25.61%,比美国、中国台湾分别高出13.51%、8.91%;同时,1.5mL/kg处理组总糖含量较美国、中国台湾高出14.01%、6.81%。经综合评价,自制乳酸菌剂可提高甜高梁青贮发酵品质,最佳添加量为1.5mL/kg。
The effects of home-made complex lactic acid bacteria inoculants on the silage quality of sweet sorghum straw were studied to explore the optimum addition of home-made complex lactic acid bacteria inoculants. Using sweet sorghum straw as raw material, with inoculum of 0.5 ml/kg,1.0 ml/kg, 1.5 ml/kg, 2.0 ml/kg, 2.5 ml/kg of home-made inoculants and certain ratio of commercial silage bacterial agents from Taiwan of China and America,using the one without microbial inoculants as control(CK), the samples were tested, analyzed and evaluated after silage. Compared with CK, the lactic acid content increased significantly(P<0.05), the content of neutral fiber in sweet sorghum decreased significantly(P<0.05), and the ammonia nitrogen/total nitrogen content decreased after adding home-made complex lactic acid bacteria inoculants. When the inoculants addition was 1.5 ml/kg,the lactic acid content was the highest, which was 177.15% higher than the control group, and 29.90%, 31.18% higher than the American and Taiwan of China inoculants. The crude protein content was the highest, which was 25.61% higher than the control group, and 13.51%, 8.91% higher than the American and Taiwan of China inoculants. Meanwhile, the total sugar content of the 1.5 ml/kg group was 14.01% and 6.81% higher than that of the American and Taiwan of China ones, respectively. After comprehensive evaluation, it showed that the home-made complex lactic acid bacteria inoculants could improve the fermentation quality of sweet sorghum silage, and the optimal addition was 1.5 ml/kg.
The effects of home-made complex lactic acid bacteria inoculants on the silage quality of sweet sorghum straw were studied to explore the optimum addition of home-made complex lactic acid bacteria inoculants. Using sweet sorghum straw as raw material, with inoculum of 0.5 ml/kg,1.0 ml/kg, 1.5 ml/kg, 2.0 ml/kg, 2.5 ml/kg of home-made inoculants and certain ratio of commercial silage bacterial agents from Taiwan of China and America,using the one without microbial inoculants as control(CK), the samples were tested, analyzed and evaluated after silage. Compared with CK, the lactic acid content increased significantly(P<0.05), the content of neutral fiber in sweet sorghum decreased significantly(P<0.05), and the ammonia nitrogen/total nitrogen content decreased after adding home-made complex lactic acid bacteria inoculants. When the inoculants addition was 1.5 ml/kg,the lactic acid content was the highest, which was 177.15% higher than the control group, and 29.90%, 31.18% higher than the American and Taiwan of China inoculants. The crude protein content was the highest, which was 25.61% higher than the control group, and 13.51%, 8.91% higher than the American and Taiwan of China inoculants. Meanwhile, the total sugar content of the 1.5 ml/kg group was 14.01% and 6.81% higher than that of the American and Taiwan of China ones, respectively. After comprehensive evaluation, it showed that the home-made complex lactic acid bacteria inoculants could improve the fermentation quality of sweet sorghum silage, and the optimal addition was 1.5 ml/kg.
引文
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[18]杜军国,季彬,祁宏山,等.甜高粱茎秆袋装青贮研究[J].中国酿造,2018,37(5):146-149.
[19]和立文.全株玉米青贮品质评价及其对肉牛育肥性能和牛肉品质的影响[D].北京:中国农业大学,2017.
[20]JR L K,MYERS C L,NEYLON J M,et al.The effects of buffered propionic acid-based additives alone or combined with microbial inoculation on the fermentation of high moisture corn and whole-crop barley[J].JDairy Sci,2003,87(5):1310-1316.
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[2]董妙音,王曙阳,姜伯玲,等.添加不同的青贮菌剂对甜高粱青贮品质的影响[J].饲料工业,2016,37(1):28-31.
[3]肖丹.南疆甜高粱青贮品质及其微生物特征的研究[D].阿拉尔:塔里木大学,2016.
[4]李旭业,徐艳霞,董扬,等.青贮添加剂种类及其对青贮饲料品质的影响[J].现代畜牧科技,2016(1):32-33.
[5]徐振上.优良青贮剂菌株选育及对青贮饲料品质影响[D].济南:山东大学,2018.
[6]苗芳.同/异质型乳酸菌对玉米青贮品质及有氧稳定性的影响[D].石河子:石河子大学,2017.
[7]郭旭生,丁武蓉,玉柱.青贮饲料发酵品质评定体系及其新进展[J].中国草地学报,2008(4):100-106.
[8]刘建新,杨振海,叶均安.青贮饲料的合理调制与质量评定标准[J].饲料工业,1999,20(4):3-5.
[9]李俊,董书昌,陈孝军,等.青贮甜高粱与青贮玉米秸秆饲喂奶牛对比试验[J].中国牛业科学,2016,42(3):24-25.
[10]唐庆凤,杨承剑,彭开屏,等.添加植物乳杆菌对桑枝叶与玉米秸秆混合青贮发酵品质的影响[J].饲料工业,2018(19):38-43.
[11]姜伯玲,王曙阳,陈积红,等.发酵温度对复合微生物菌剂青贮饲料品质的影响[J].中国草食动物科学,2016,36(2):29-32.
[12]贾婷婷,吴哲,玉柱.不同类型乳酸菌添加剂对燕麦青贮品质和有氧稳定性的影响[J].草业科学,2018,35(5):1266-1272.
[13]许富强,董妙音,王曙阳,等.甜高粱最佳青贮时期及延期对其营养成分的影响研究[J].饲料研究,2017(4):20-24.
[14]丁婉.布氏乳杆菌对不同含水量玉米青贮品质影响研究[D].太谷:山西农业大学,2016.
[15]中华人民共和国卫生部,中国国家标准化管理委员会.中华人民共和国国家标准饲料中粗蛋白测定方法GB/T 6432-1994[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1995.
[16]中华人民共和国卫生部,中国国家标准化管理委员会.中华人民共和国国家标准食品中淀粉的测定GB/T 5009.9-2008[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2008.
[17]李君临,张新全,玉柱,等.含水量和乳酸菌添加剂对多花黑麦草青贮品质的影响[J].草业学报,2014,23(6):342-348.
[18]杜军国,季彬,祁宏山,等.甜高粱茎秆袋装青贮研究[J].中国酿造,2018,37(5):146-149.
[19]和立文.全株玉米青贮品质评价及其对肉牛育肥性能和牛肉品质的影响[D].北京:中国农业大学,2017.
[20]JR L K,MYERS C L,NEYLON J M,et al.The effects of buffered propionic acid-based additives alone or combined with microbial inoculation on the fermentation of high moisture corn and whole-crop barley[J].JDairy Sci,2003,87(5):1310-1316.
[21]CAO L M,GOTO M,OHSHIMA M.Variations in the fermentation characteristics of alfalfa silage of different harvest times as treated with fermented juice of epiphytic lactic acid bacteria[J].Grassland Sci,2002,47(6):583-587.