极低温制冷技术的发展与应用
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摘要
近年来,空间探测和凝聚态物理等领域对极低温制冷技术(<1K)的潜在需求越来越大。本文总结了绝热去磁制冷、稀释制冷与吸附制冷三种目前主要制冷方法的原理与优缺点,回顾了三类制冷技术的发展历程与应用现状,提出了绝热去磁制冷、稀释制冷与吸附制冷技术未来的发展趋势与研究重点。
In recent years,the potential demand for ultra-low temperature technology(< 1 K) has increased in space detection and condensed matter physics. The principles,advantages and disadvantages of the three main cooling methods of adiabatic demagnetization refrigeration,dilution refrigeration and adsorption refrigeration were summarized. The development history and application status of these three refrigeration technologies were reviewed and the development trend and future research focus were proposed.
In recent years,the potential demand for ultra-low temperature technology(< 1 K) has increased in space detection and condensed matter physics. The principles,advantages and disadvantages of the three main cooling methods of adiabatic demagnetization refrigeration,dilution refrigeration and adsorption refrigeration were summarized. The development history and application status of these three refrigeration technologies were reviewed and the development trend and future research focus were proposed.
引文
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[16]Sawano M,Igarashi T,Karaki Y,et al.Development of a transportable dilution refrigerator with cryogenic3He J-T circulating system[J].Cryogenics,1990,30:447-451.
[17]Triqueneaux S,Sentis L,Camus P,et al.Design and performance of the dilution cooler system for the Planck mission[J].Cryogenics,2006,46(4):288-297.
[18]Uhlig K,Hehn W.3He/4He dilution refrigerator precooled by Gifford-Mcmahon refrigerator[J].Cryogenics,1997,37(5):279-282.
[19]Yamanaka Y,Ito T,Umeno T,et al.Development of G-M cryocooler separate type liquid-helium-free3He-4He dilution refrigerator system[C]//Journal of Physics:Conference Series.IOP Publishing,2009,150(1):012055.
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[28]De Bernardis P,Aquilini E,Boscaleri A,et al.AR-GO:a balloon-borne telescope for measurements of the millimeter diffuse sky emission[J].Astronomy and Astrophysics,1993,271:683
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[30]Freund M M,Duband L,Lange A E,et al.Design and flight performance of a space borne3He refrigerator for the infrared telescope in space[J].Cryogenics,1998,38(4):435-443.
[31]Verveer J,Rando N,Andersson S,et al.Design and performance of a portable3He cryogenic system for ground based instrumentation[J].Review of scientific instruments,1999,70(10):4088-4096.
[32]Pan S H,Hudson E W,Davis J C.3He refrigerator based very low temperature scanning tunneling microscope[J].Review of Scientific Instruments,1999,70(2):1459-1463.
[33]Bhatia R S,Bock J J,Hristov V V,et al.Closed-cycle cooling of infrared detectors to 0.25 K for the polatron[A]//Cryocoolers 11[M].Boston:Springer,2002:577-586.
[34]Duband L,Clerc L,Ravex A.Socool:A 300 K~0.3K pulse tube/sorption cooler[C]//AIP Conference Proceedings.AIP,2002,613(1):1233-1240.
[35]Devlin M J,Dicker S R,Klein J,et al.A high capacity completely closed-cycle 250 m K3He refrigeration system based on a pulse tube cooler[J].Cryogenics,2004,44(9):611-616.
[36]Liubiao C,Xianlin W,Xuming L,et al.Numerical and experimental study on the characteristics of 4 K gas-coupled Stirling-type pulse tube cryocooler[J].International Journal of Refrigeration,2018,88:204-210.
[37]Chen L,Wu X,Wang J,et al.Study on a high frequency pulse tube cryocooler capable of achieving temperatures below 4 K by helium-4[J].Cryogenics,2018,94:103-109.
[38]Pan C,Wang J,Luo K,et al.Progress on a novel VM-type pulse tube cryocooler for 4 K[J].Cryogenics,2017,88:66-69.
[39]Wang J,Pan C,Zhang T,et al.A novel method to hit the limit temperature of Stirling-type cryocooler[J].Journal of Applied Physics,2018,123(6):063901.
[40]Luchier N,Duval J M,Duband L,et al.Performances of the 50 m K ADR/sorption cooler[J].Cryogenics,2012,52(4-6):152-157.
[2]Fujimoto R,Takei Y,Mitsuda K,et al.Performance of the helium dewar and cryocoolers of ASTRO-H SXS[C]//Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2016:Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray.International Society for Optics and Photonics,2016:9905.
[3]Fang T.Missing matter found in the cosmic web[J].Nature,2018,558(7710):375-376.
[4]Sajadi E,Palomaki T,Fei Z,et al.Gate-induced superconductivity in a monolayer topological insulator[J].Science,2018,362(6417):922-925.
[5]Pobell F.Matter and methods at low temperatures[M].Berlin:Springer,1996.
[6]Kelley R L,Mitsuda K,Allen C A,et al.The Suzaku high resolution x-ray spectrometer[J].Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan,2007,59(sp1):77-112.
[7]Hoshino A,Yatsu T,Kunihisa T,et al.Development of adiabatic demagnetization refrigerator for X-ray microcalorimeter operation[J].Journal of Low Temperature Physics,2012,167(3-4):554-560.
[8]Shirron P J.Applications of the magnetocaloric effect in single-stage,multi-stage and continuous adiabatic demagnetization refrigerators[J].Cryogenics,2014,62:130-139.
[9]Hagmann C,Richards P L.Two-stage magnetic refrigerator for astronomical applications with reservoir temperatures above 4 K[J].Cryogenics,1994,34(3):221-226.
[10]Bartlett J,Hardy G,Hepburn I D,et al.Improved performance of an engineering model cryogen free double adiabatic demagnetization refrigerator[J].Cryogenics,2010,50(9):582-590.
[11]Shirron P,Kimball M,Wegel D,et al.ADR design for the soft X-ray spectrometer instrument on the Astro-H mission[J].Cryogenics,2010,50(9):494-499.
[12]Shirron P J,Canavan E R,Dipirro M J,et al.A multi-stage continuous-duty adiabatic demagnetization refrigerator[M]Boston:Springer,2000:1629-1638.
[13]Whitehouse P L,Shirron P J,Kelley R L.The X-ray microcalorimeter spectrometer(XMS):a reference cryogenic instrument for Constellation-X[J].Cryogenics,2004,44(6-8):543-549.
[14]Shirron P J,Kimball M O,Fixsen D J,et al.Design of the PIXIE adiabatic demagnetization refrigerators[J].Cryogenics,2012,52(4-6):140-144.
[15]阎守胜.稀释制冷-一种获得极低温度的新方法[J].物理,1975,4(2):111-114.
[16]Sawano M,Igarashi T,Karaki Y,et al.Development of a transportable dilution refrigerator with cryogenic3He J-T circulating system[J].Cryogenics,1990,30:447-451.
[17]Triqueneaux S,Sentis L,Camus P,et al.Design and performance of the dilution cooler system for the Planck mission[J].Cryogenics,2006,46(4):288-297.
[18]Uhlig K,Hehn W.3He/4He dilution refrigerator precooled by Gifford-Mcmahon refrigerator[J].Cryogenics,1997,37(5):279-282.
[19]Yamanaka Y,Ito T,Umeno T,et al.Development of G-M cryocooler separate type liquid-helium-free3He-4He dilution refrigerator system[C]//Journal of Physics:Conference Series.IOP Publishing,2009,150(1):012055.
[20]Uhlig K.3He/4He dilution refrigerator precooled by Gifford-Mcmahon cooler II.Measurements of the vibrational heat leak[J].Cryogenics,2002,42(9):569-575.
[21]Umeno T,Kamioka Y,Yoshida S,et al.Performance of compact liquid helium free3He-4He dilution refrigerator directly coupled with G-M cooler in TES microcalorimeter operation[C]//Journal of Physics:Conference Series.IOP Publishing,2009,150(1):012051.
[22]Maehata K,Hara T,Ito T,et al.A dry3He-4He dilution refrigerator for a transition edge sensor microcalorimeter spectrometer system mounted on a transmission electron microscope[J].Cryogenics,2014,61:86-91.
[23]Uhlig K.3He/4He dilution refrigerator with pulse-tube refrigerator precooling[J].Cryogenics,2002,42(2):73-77.
[24]Barucci M,Martelli V,Ventura G.Adry dilution refrigerator for the test of CUORE components[J].Journal of Low Temperature Physics,2009,157(5-6):541.
[25]Duband L,Clerc L,Ercolani E,et al.Herschel flight models sorption coolers[J].Cryogenics,2008,48(3-4):95-105.
[26]Nolt I G,Martin T Z.Anadsorption pumped3He cooled ir detector[J].Review of Scientific Instruments,1971,42(7):1031-1033.
[27]Torre J P,Chanin G.Miniature liquid3He refrigerator[J].Review of Scientific Instruments,1985,56(2):318-320.
[28]De Bernardis P,Aquilini E,Boscaleri A,et al.AR-GO:a balloon-borne telescope for measurements of the millimeter diffuse sky emission[J].Astronomy and Astrophysics,1993,271:683
[29]Cheng E S,Meyer S S,Page L A.A high capacity0.23 K3He refrigerator for balloon‐borne payloads[J].Review of scientific instruments,1996,67(11):4008-4016.
[30]Freund M M,Duband L,Lange A E,et al.Design and flight performance of a space borne3He refrigerator for the infrared telescope in space[J].Cryogenics,1998,38(4):435-443.
[31]Verveer J,Rando N,Andersson S,et al.Design and performance of a portable3He cryogenic system for ground based instrumentation[J].Review of scientific instruments,1999,70(10):4088-4096.
[32]Pan S H,Hudson E W,Davis J C.3He refrigerator based very low temperature scanning tunneling microscope[J].Review of Scientific Instruments,1999,70(2):1459-1463.
[33]Bhatia R S,Bock J J,Hristov V V,et al.Closed-cycle cooling of infrared detectors to 0.25 K for the polatron[A]//Cryocoolers 11[M].Boston:Springer,2002:577-586.
[34]Duband L,Clerc L,Ravex A.Socool:A 300 K~0.3K pulse tube/sorption cooler[C]//AIP Conference Proceedings.AIP,2002,613(1):1233-1240.
[35]Devlin M J,Dicker S R,Klein J,et al.A high capacity completely closed-cycle 250 m K3He refrigeration system based on a pulse tube cooler[J].Cryogenics,2004,44(9):611-616.
[36]Liubiao C,Xianlin W,Xuming L,et al.Numerical and experimental study on the characteristics of 4 K gas-coupled Stirling-type pulse tube cryocooler[J].International Journal of Refrigeration,2018,88:204-210.
[37]Chen L,Wu X,Wang J,et al.Study on a high frequency pulse tube cryocooler capable of achieving temperatures below 4 K by helium-4[J].Cryogenics,2018,94:103-109.
[38]Pan C,Wang J,Luo K,et al.Progress on a novel VM-type pulse tube cryocooler for 4 K[J].Cryogenics,2017,88:66-69.
[39]Wang J,Pan C,Zhang T,et al.A novel method to hit the limit temperature of Stirling-type cryocooler[J].Journal of Applied Physics,2018,123(6):063901.
[40]Luchier N,Duval J M,Duband L,et al.Performances of the 50 m K ADR/sorption cooler[J].Cryogenics,2012,52(4-6):152-157.