基于标准化系列化部品的工业化住宅设计思考
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摘要
当前,建筑工业化是我国传统建筑业转型升级的重要方向之一的观点已深入人心。面对量大面广的住宅建筑需求,国内掀起了一股住宅工业化研究与应用热潮,无论是政府、企业还是研究人员都意识到住宅工业化必将迎来大规模的发展。如何走出上世纪失败的大板式装配化住宅陷阱,保证二次住宅工业化顺利进行,探索新型的工业化住宅设计理念方法,已成为解决问题的关键之一。阐述了我国住宅工业化建造的重要性以及新型工业化住宅内涵,简要回顾了国内外住宅工业化的发展现状,分析了目前国内住宅工业化存在的问题,指出了我国现行的工业化住宅设计建造方法的不足,提出基于标准化系列化部品的设计是工业化住宅,特别是低层工业化住宅设计思想的方向之一。最后,探讨了基于标准化系列化部品的工业化住宅设计方法,并提出实施方法建议。
At present,construction industrialization is known as an important way to the transformation and upgrading of traditional construction industry in China.Since residential buildings are demanded in a huge quantity,industrialized construction becomes a very popular topic in China.Both the central and local governments,many enterprises,even many researchers believe there will be a prompt boom in this field.However,it is still a critical issue on how to avoid the failure trap of the rapid development of large-panelized assembly houses in the last century,and ensure the success of the secondary housing industrialization with new concept to design and construct residential buildings.In this paper,the importance of industrialized construction for residential buildings in China and its new connotation are summarized at first.With a brief review on current situation of housing industrialization at home and abroad,the existing problems of housing industrialization in China,as well as the shortage of current design and construction methods for industrialized residential buildings,are discussed.Finally,an industrialized residential building design method based on standardized and serialized components is proposed and discussed,and some suggestions on the implementation are provided.
At present,construction industrialization is known as an important way to the transformation and upgrading of traditional construction industry in China.Since residential buildings are demanded in a huge quantity,industrialized construction becomes a very popular topic in China.Both the central and local governments,many enterprises,even many researchers believe there will be a prompt boom in this field.However,it is still a critical issue on how to avoid the failure trap of the rapid development of large-panelized assembly houses in the last century,and ensure the success of the secondary housing industrialization with new concept to design and construct residential buildings.In this paper,the importance of industrialized construction for residential buildings in China and its new connotation are summarized at first.With a brief review on current situation of housing industrialization at home and abroad,the existing problems of housing industrialization in China,as well as the shortage of current design and construction methods for industrialized residential buildings,are discussed.Finally,an industrialized residential building design method based on standardized and serialized components is proposed and discussed,and some suggestions on the implementation are provided.
引文
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[13]中国建筑标准设计研究院.预应力混凝土管桩:10G409[S].北京:中国计划出版社,2010.China Institute of Building Standard Design&Research.Prestressed Concrete Pipe Pile:10G409[S].Beijing:China Planning Press,2010.(in Chinese)
[14]孟建民,龙玉峰.深圳市保障性住房模块化、工业化、BIM技术应用与成本控制研究[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2014.MENG Jianmin,LONG Yufeng.Research on modularization,industrialization,BIM technology application and cost control of affordable housing in Shenzhen[M].Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press,2014.(in Chinese)
[15]楚先锋.中国住宅产业化路在何方[EB/OL].[2017-10-11].http://precast.host3.hzr1.com/index.php/zhuanjia_newsid-137.html.CHU Xianfeng.Where is the road of housing industrialization in China[EB/OL].[2017-10-11].http://precast.host3.hzr1.com/index.php/zhuanjia_news-id-137.html.(in Chinese)
[16]陈振基.住宅工业化问与答[EB/OL].[2017-10-11].http://precast.com.cn/index.php/zhuanjia_news-id-108-page-5.html.CHEN Zhenji.Residential industrialization questions and answers[EB/OL].[2017-10-11].http://precast.com.cn/index.php/zhuanjia_news-id-108-page-5.html.(in Chinese)
[17]温宇.适应工业化建设的城市住宅建筑体系研究[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学,2005.WEN Yu.Study on the system of urban residential housing which meets industrialized construction[D].Xi’an:Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology,2005.(in Chinese)
[18]水亚佑.工业化住宅标准化与多样化的探讨[J].建筑学报,1983(4):48-51.SHUI Yayou.Discussion on the standardization and diversification of industrialized residence[J].Architecture Journal,1983(4):48-51.(in Chinese)
[19]刘东卫,周静敏,邵磊.新中国成立以来住宅工业化及其技术发展[J].北京规划建设,2009(6):38-46.LIU Dongwei,ZHOU Jingmin,SHAO Lei.Residential industrialization and its technical development since the establishment of the People’s Republic of China[J].Beijing Planning Review,2009(6):38-46.(in Chinese)
[20]孟刚.标准化基础上的非标准化[J].建筑师,2011(2):5-13.MENG Gang.The non-standard based on standard[J].The Architect,2011(2):5-13.(in Chinese)
[21]童亦弟,付灿华.建立标准化部品体系[N].中国建设报,2011-07-20.TONG Yidi,FU Canhua.Establishment of standardized component system[N].China Construction News,2011-07-20.(in Chinese)
[22]中国建筑标准设计研究院.中国建筑标准设计研究院(专题一)---国家建筑标准设计[J].建设科技,2011(18):24-29.China Institute of Building Standard Design&Research.China Institute of Building Standard Design&Research(theme I)-National architecture standard design[J].Construction Science and Technology,2011(18):24-29.(in Chinese)
[23]“绿色建筑与建筑节能科技周”展现工业化建造新成就[EB/OL].[2017-10-11].http://www.risn.org.cn/News/ShowInfo.aspx?Guid=6de4f7cb-1703-44ef-9459-942db3e53a6b.“Green building and building energy efficiency science and technology week”showing the new achievement of industrial construction[EB/OL].[2017-10-11].http://www.risn.org.cn/News/ShowInfo.aspx?Guid=6de4f7cb-1703-44ef-9459-942db3e53a6b.(in Chinese)
[2]沈祖炎,李元齐.建筑工业化建造的本质和内涵[J].建筑钢结构进展,2015,17(5):1-4.DOI:10.13969/j.cnki.cn31-1893.2015.05.001.SHEN Zuyan,LI Yuanqi.Essence and connotation for construction in building industrialization in China[J].Progress in Steel Building Structures,2015,17(5):1-4.DOI:10.13969/j.cnki.cn31-1893.2015.05.001.(in Chinese)
[3]李元齐,沈祖炎.建筑工业化建造产业发展的技术政策思考[J].钢结构,2012,27(增刊):101-106.LI Yuanqi,SHEN Zuyan.Technical policy consideration on the development of industrial construction industry in building industrialization[J].Steel Construction,2012,27(Suppl.):101-106.(in Chinese)
[4]刘东卫,薛磊.建国六十年我国住宅工业化与技术发展(一)[J].住宅产业,2009(10):10-14.LIU Dongwei,XUE Lei.The 60 years of our residential industrialization and the development of technology[J].Housing Industry,2009(10):10-14.(in Chinese)
[5]中国建筑金属结构协会建筑钢结构委员会,住房和城乡建设部科技发展促进中心.钢结构住宅设计规范:CECS 261:2009[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2009.Building Steel Structure Committee of China Construction Metal Structure Association,Science and Technology Development Promotion Center of Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development.Code for Design of Steel Structure Residential Buildings:CECS 261:2009[S].Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press,2009.(in Chinese)
[6]中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部.装配式钢结构建筑技术标准:GB/T 51232-2016[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2016.Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People’s Republic of China.Technical Standards for Assembled Buildings with Steel-Structure[S].Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press,2016.(in Chinese)
[7]中国建筑科学研究院技术情报研究室.法国建筑工业化的发展[J].建筑施工,1979(4):35-37.Technology Information Research Room of China Academy of Building Research.The development of building industrialization in France[J].Building Construction,1979(4):35-37.(in Chinese)
[8]李湘洲.国外住宅建筑工业化的发展与现状(一)---日本的住宅工业化[J].中国住宅设施,2005(1):56-58.LI Xiangzhou.Development and status of foreign country residential industrialization(Ⅰ)-Japan residential industrialization[J].China Housing Facilities,2005(1):56-58.(in Chinese)
[9]川崎直宏.日本公共住宅工业化生产技术发展和展望[J].胡惠琴,译.建筑学报,2012(4):31-32.KAWASAKI Naohiro.Produce technology development and prospect of Japanese public housing industrialization[J].HUHuiqin,trans.Architecture Journal,2012(4):31-32.(in Chinese)
[10]刘康,寿青云.日本工业化住宅发展的研究与分析[J].住宅科技,2012(2):28-31.DOI:10.13626/j.cnki.hs.2012.02.001.LIU Kang,SHOU Qingyun.Research and analysis of development of industrialized housing in Japan[J].Housing Science,2012(2):28-31.DOI:10.13626/j.cnki.hs.2012.02.001.(in Chinese)
[11]李湘洲,刘昊宇.国外住宅建筑工业化的发展与现状(二)---美国的住宅工业化[J].中国住宅设施,2005(2):44-46.LI Xiangzhou,LIU Haoyu.Development and status of foreign country residential industrialization(Ⅱ)-USA residential industrialization[J].China Housing Facilities,2005(2):44-46.(in Chinese)
[12]丁成章.工厂化制造住宅与住宅产业化[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2004.DING Chengzhang.Factory manufactured housing and housing industrialization[M].Beijing:China Mechanical Press,2004.(in Chinese)
[13]中国建筑标准设计研究院.预应力混凝土管桩:10G409[S].北京:中国计划出版社,2010.China Institute of Building Standard Design&Research.Prestressed Concrete Pipe Pile:10G409[S].Beijing:China Planning Press,2010.(in Chinese)
[14]孟建民,龙玉峰.深圳市保障性住房模块化、工业化、BIM技术应用与成本控制研究[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2014.MENG Jianmin,LONG Yufeng.Research on modularization,industrialization,BIM technology application and cost control of affordable housing in Shenzhen[M].Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press,2014.(in Chinese)
[15]楚先锋.中国住宅产业化路在何方[EB/OL].[2017-10-11].http://precast.host3.hzr1.com/index.php/zhuanjia_newsid-137.html.CHU Xianfeng.Where is the road of housing industrialization in China[EB/OL].[2017-10-11].http://precast.host3.hzr1.com/index.php/zhuanjia_news-id-137.html.(in Chinese)
[16]陈振基.住宅工业化问与答[EB/OL].[2017-10-11].http://precast.com.cn/index.php/zhuanjia_news-id-108-page-5.html.CHEN Zhenji.Residential industrialization questions and answers[EB/OL].[2017-10-11].http://precast.com.cn/index.php/zhuanjia_news-id-108-page-5.html.(in Chinese)
[17]温宇.适应工业化建设的城市住宅建筑体系研究[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学,2005.WEN Yu.Study on the system of urban residential housing which meets industrialized construction[D].Xi’an:Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology,2005.(in Chinese)
[18]水亚佑.工业化住宅标准化与多样化的探讨[J].建筑学报,1983(4):48-51.SHUI Yayou.Discussion on the standardization and diversification of industrialized residence[J].Architecture Journal,1983(4):48-51.(in Chinese)
[19]刘东卫,周静敏,邵磊.新中国成立以来住宅工业化及其技术发展[J].北京规划建设,2009(6):38-46.LIU Dongwei,ZHOU Jingmin,SHAO Lei.Residential industrialization and its technical development since the establishment of the People’s Republic of China[J].Beijing Planning Review,2009(6):38-46.(in Chinese)
[20]孟刚.标准化基础上的非标准化[J].建筑师,2011(2):5-13.MENG Gang.The non-standard based on standard[J].The Architect,2011(2):5-13.(in Chinese)
[21]童亦弟,付灿华.建立标准化部品体系[N].中国建设报,2011-07-20.TONG Yidi,FU Canhua.Establishment of standardized component system[N].China Construction News,2011-07-20.(in Chinese)
[22]中国建筑标准设计研究院.中国建筑标准设计研究院(专题一)---国家建筑标准设计[J].建设科技,2011(18):24-29.China Institute of Building Standard Design&Research.China Institute of Building Standard Design&Research(theme I)-National architecture standard design[J].Construction Science and Technology,2011(18):24-29.(in Chinese)
[23]“绿色建筑与建筑节能科技周”展现工业化建造新成就[EB/OL].[2017-10-11].http://www.risn.org.cn/News/ShowInfo.aspx?Guid=6de4f7cb-1703-44ef-9459-942db3e53a6b.“Green building and building energy efficiency science and technology week”showing the new achievement of industrial construction[EB/OL].[2017-10-11].http://www.risn.org.cn/News/ShowInfo.aspx?Guid=6de4f7cb-1703-44ef-9459-942db3e53a6b.(in Chinese)