行驶档位与发动机运行工况对重型柴油货车NO_x、CO_2、CO排放的影响
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摘要
使用便携式排放测试系统(PEMS)在一辆状态良好的重型柴油货车上进行实际道路排放试验,研究发动机转速、负荷、行驶档位、车速与排放的关系。结果表明:NO_x、CO_2排放速率随发动机转速、负荷的上升而增加。NO_x、CO_2、CO排放因子随档位升高呈先急后缓的降低趋势,随传动比减小呈较为线性的降低趋势;同一档位行驶时,NO_x、CO_2排放因子、排放速率均随车速的升高而增加。因此,对于此类重型柴油车辆,为降低排放,应尽量使用高档位在相应的中、低车速下行驶。
The Portable Emissions Test System(PEMS) was used to conduct actual road emissions test on a well-conditioned heavy duty diesel truck, to study the relationship between engine speed, load, driving gear, vehicle speed and emissions. The results showed that: the NO_x and CO_2 emission rates increased with increase of the engine speed and load, the NO_x, CO_2, and CO emission factors showed a trend of rapid firstly and then slowly decrease with the increase of gear, and showed a relatively linear decrease trend with decrease of the transmission ratio; when driving in the same gear, NO_x and CO_2 emission factors and emission rates all increased with increase of the vehicle speed; therefore, to reduce emissions, high gear should be applied in driving at the corresponding medium and low speeds.
The Portable Emissions Test System(PEMS) was used to conduct actual road emissions test on a well-conditioned heavy duty diesel truck, to study the relationship between engine speed, load, driving gear, vehicle speed and emissions. The results showed that: the NO_x and CO_2 emission rates increased with increase of the engine speed and load, the NO_x, CO_2, and CO emission factors showed a trend of rapid firstly and then slowly decrease with the increase of gear, and showed a relatively linear decrease trend with decrease of the transmission ratio; when driving in the same gear, NO_x and CO_2 emission factors and emission rates all increased with increase of the vehicle speed; therefore, to reduce emissions, high gear should be applied in driving at the corresponding medium and low speeds.
引文
[1] 丁焰.2018蓝天保卫战主攻重型货车,30%分布在京津冀及周边[EB/OL]. [2018-03-03].http://www.yicai.com/news/5390918.html.
[2] 丁焰.精准施策、分类解决“2+26”城市重型货车污染[N].中国能源报,2018-02-26(8).
[3] 葛蕴珊,丁焰,尹航.机动车实际行驶排放测试系统研究现状 [J].汽车安全与节能学报,2017,8(2):111-121.
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[8] 姚志良,王岐东,张英志,等.负载对实际道路重型柴油车排放的影响研究[J].环境污染与防治,2012,34(3):63-67.
[9] 王燕军,吉喆,尹航,等.重型柴油车污染物排放因子测量的影响因素[J].环境科学研究,2014,27(3):232-238.
[10] 陈晓明,宁智,宋云超,等.重型柴油车道路循环工况下排放特性的仿真分析[J].环境科学学报,2012,32(1):109-115.
[11] 吴晓伟,彭美春,方荣华,等.基于PEMS的柴油公交车排放测试分析[J].环境科学与技术,2012,35(1):146-149.
[12] Wang A J,Ge Y S,Tan J W,et al.On-road pollutant emission and fuel consumption characteristics of buses in Beijing[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences,2011,23(3):419-426.
[13] 葛蕴珊,王爱娟,王猛,等.PEMS用于城市车辆实际道路气体排放测试[J].汽车安全与节能学报,2010,1(2):141-145.
[14] 樊守彬,李钢,田刚,等.国Ⅳ柴油公交车在实际道路上的排放特征[J].北京工业大学学报,2012,38(10):1565-1569.
[15] 于津涛,熊兴旺,肖广宇.耐久试验中不同测试循环下排放规律研究[J].车用发动机,2017(5):68-71.
[2] 丁焰.精准施策、分类解决“2+26”城市重型货车污染[N].中国能源报,2018-02-26(8).
[3] 葛蕴珊,丁焰,尹航.机动车实际行驶排放测试系统研究现状 [J].汽车安全与节能学报,2017,8(2):111-121.
[4] Krishnamurthy M,Gautam M.Comparison of averaging techniques employed in calculating not-to-exceed emissions for heavy-duty vehicles [R].SAE Tech Paper,2005-01-3787.
[5] Velders G J M, Geilenkirchen G P,Lange R D.Higher than expected NOx, emission from trucks may affect attainability of NO2,limit values in the Netherlands [J].Atmosph Envir, 2011, 45(18): 3025-3033.
[6] Ligterink N E,Tavasszy L A, Lange R D.A velocity and payload dependent emission model for heavy-duty road freight transportation[J].Transp Res Part D Transport Envir, 2012, 17(6): 487-491.
[7] 生态保护部.GB 17691—2018重型柴油车污染物排放限值及测量方法(中国第六阶段)[S].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2018.
[8] 姚志良,王岐东,张英志,等.负载对实际道路重型柴油车排放的影响研究[J].环境污染与防治,2012,34(3):63-67.
[9] 王燕军,吉喆,尹航,等.重型柴油车污染物排放因子测量的影响因素[J].环境科学研究,2014,27(3):232-238.
[10] 陈晓明,宁智,宋云超,等.重型柴油车道路循环工况下排放特性的仿真分析[J].环境科学学报,2012,32(1):109-115.
[11] 吴晓伟,彭美春,方荣华,等.基于PEMS的柴油公交车排放测试分析[J].环境科学与技术,2012,35(1):146-149.
[12] Wang A J,Ge Y S,Tan J W,et al.On-road pollutant emission and fuel consumption characteristics of buses in Beijing[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences,2011,23(3):419-426.
[13] 葛蕴珊,王爱娟,王猛,等.PEMS用于城市车辆实际道路气体排放测试[J].汽车安全与节能学报,2010,1(2):141-145.
[14] 樊守彬,李钢,田刚,等.国Ⅳ柴油公交车在实际道路上的排放特征[J].北京工业大学学报,2012,38(10):1565-1569.
[15] 于津涛,熊兴旺,肖广宇.耐久试验中不同测试循环下排放规律研究[J].车用发动机,2017(5):68-71.