有机朗肯循环膨胀机的研究进展和应用现状
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摘要
能源需求的持续增长和环境问题要求越来越多地利用可持续能源,有机朗肯循环(ORC)由于其能够有效利用低温热能、提高能源利用效率、减少二氧化碳排放等优点,逐渐成为关注热点。膨胀机是ORC系统的核心部件,对系统的发电效率、可靠性和经济性等影响较大。本文总结了用于低品位能源利用ORC的各种膨胀机类型,并对其工作原理、技术特点、研究进展和应用现状进行了分析。结果表明:综合考虑其性能效率,透平膨胀机适用于>50 kW的余热利用系统,容积式膨胀机在<200 kW的ORC系统中有明显优势,螺杆膨胀机适宜<500kW的ORC系统,其他机型目前实验研究较多,应用较少;膨胀机的选择不仅需要考虑其效率高低,还需要考虑其适用范围、经济性、复杂程度和后期维修成本等因素。
The continual increase in energy demand and environmental problems calls for more and more utilization of sustainable energy. Since the organic Rankine cycle(ORC) is capable of converting low grade thermal energy into electricity, improving energy utilization efficiency and reducing CO2 emissions, it is gradually becoming a hot spot of concern. Expander is the core component of the organic Rankine cycle which directly affects the power generation efficiency, reliability and economy of the system. This paper summarizes various types of expander for low-grade energy utilization ORC system, and reviews their working principle, technical characteristics, research progress and application status. The results show that, comprehensively considering its performance and efficiency, the turbine expander is suitable for the waste heat utilization system with scale of >50 kW, the volumetric expander has obvious advantages in the ORC system with scale of <200 k W, and the screw expander is suitable for the ORC system with scale of <500 kW. For other types of expander, there are more experimental studies and fewer applications at present. During the selection of the expanders, not only the efficiency, but also the application, economy, complexity and post-maintenance cost need to be considered.
The continual increase in energy demand and environmental problems calls for more and more utilization of sustainable energy. Since the organic Rankine cycle(ORC) is capable of converting low grade thermal energy into electricity, improving energy utilization efficiency and reducing CO2 emissions, it is gradually becoming a hot spot of concern. Expander is the core component of the organic Rankine cycle which directly affects the power generation efficiency, reliability and economy of the system. This paper summarizes various types of expander for low-grade energy utilization ORC system, and reviews their working principle, technical characteristics, research progress and application status. The results show that, comprehensively considering its performance and efficiency, the turbine expander is suitable for the waste heat utilization system with scale of >50 kW, the volumetric expander has obvious advantages in the ORC system with scale of <200 k W, and the screw expander is suitable for the ORC system with scale of <500 kW. For other types of expander, there are more experimental studies and fewer applications at present. During the selection of the expanders, not only the efficiency, but also the application, economy, complexity and post-maintenance cost need to be considered.
引文
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