三电极结构流注放电试验平台
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摘要
流注的产生和传播是空气间隙击穿过程中最为重要、物理过程最为复杂的一个阶段,为深入研究空气间隙流注放电过程,搭建了三电极结构流注放电试验平台(均匀场和非均匀场)。并基于均匀场下的三电极结构流注发生装置,通过调整电极结构来改变外加电场,提出了一种不均匀场下的三电极结构流注发生装置。通过在针电极上施加方波脉冲触发产生正流注在外加电场中传播,利用光电倍增管和高速摄影仪同步进行流注放电过程的光学检测。在此试验平台上初步开展了三电极结构中流注放电的试验研究,并获得了流注的稳定传播电压、传播速度、传播路径等特征参数。试验结果表明:该套三电极结构流注放电试验平台效果良好,三电极结构中外电场对流注传播特性有明显的影响:流注传播速度随着外加电场强度的提高而提高;在不均匀场下,流注的发展路径较均匀场中更为扩散,分叉数目更多。基于此试验平台展可开展进一步的试验研究。
The generation and propagation of streamer is the most important and most complicated period in the breakdown of the air gap. In order to study the process of streamer discharge deeply, the three-electrode structure test platform(uniform electric field and non-uniform electric field) was built up. Based on the streamer generation device of three-electrode structure in uniform electric field,the external electric field was altered through changing the electrode structure. So, the device of three-electrode structure in non-uniform electric field was proposed creatively. The streamer was triggered by the positive square-wave pulse applied on the needle electrode. And the photomultipliers and an intensified CCD camera were utilized to detect streamer discharge synchronously. The streamer discharge was preliminarily experimentally studied on this test platform. The streamer discharge characteristics, such as stable propagation voltage, propagation velocity, path and so on, were obtained. Test results show that this test platform works well. The external electric field has a great influence on the streamer discharge characteristics. The streamer velocity increases as the electric field improves. Under a non-uniform electric field, the streamer path is more divergent and the branch number is higher than that under the uniform electric field. This platform can be used to conduct further experimental research on the streamer discharge characteristics.
The generation and propagation of streamer is the most important and most complicated period in the breakdown of the air gap. In order to study the process of streamer discharge deeply, the three-electrode structure test platform(uniform electric field and non-uniform electric field) was built up. Based on the streamer generation device of three-electrode structure in uniform electric field,the external electric field was altered through changing the electrode structure. So, the device of three-electrode structure in non-uniform electric field was proposed creatively. The streamer was triggered by the positive square-wave pulse applied on the needle electrode. And the photomultipliers and an intensified CCD camera were utilized to detect streamer discharge synchronously. The streamer discharge was preliminarily experimentally studied on this test platform. The streamer discharge characteristics, such as stable propagation voltage, propagation velocity, path and so on, were obtained. Test results show that this test platform works well. The external electric field has a great influence on the streamer discharge characteristics. The streamer velocity increases as the electric field improves. Under a non-uniform electric field, the streamer path is more divergent and the branch number is higher than that under the uniform electric field. This platform can be used to conduct further experimental research on the streamer discharge characteristics.
引文
[1]梁曦东.高电压工程[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2003:19-32.LIANG Xidong.High voltage engineering[M].Beijing,China:Tsinghua University Press,2003:19-32.
[2]杨津基.气体放电[M].北京:科学出版社,1983:116-124.YANG Jinji.Gas discharge[M].Beijing,China:Science Press,1983:116-124.
[3]王黎明,叶维平,梅红伟,等.低温环境下绝缘介质表面流注放电特性[J].高电压技术,2017,43(5):1460-1466.WANG Liming,YE Weiping,MEI Hongwei,et al.Characteristics of streamer discharge along insulation surface in low-temperature environment[J].High Voltage Engineering,2017,43(5):1460-1466.
[4]王黎明,叶维平,梅红伟,等.冰面流注发展特性试验研究[J].高电压技术,2018,44(9):2849-2855.WANG Liming,YE Weiping,MEI Hongwei,et al.Research on streamer discharge characteristics along ice surface[J].High Voltage Engineering,2018,44(9):2849-2855.
[5]ALLEN N L,GHAFFAR A.The conditions required for the propagation of a cathode-directed positive streamer in air[J].Journal of Physics D:Applied Physics,1998,28(2):331-337.
[6]ALLEN N L,MIKROPOULOS P N.Dynamics of streamer propagation in air[J].Journal of Physics D:Applied Physics,1998,32(8):913-919.
[7]孟晓波,梅红伟,陈昌龙,等.绝缘介质表面流注发展特性的机理研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(22):157-163.MENG Xiaobo,MEI Hongwei,CHEN Changlong,et al.Research on characteristics of streamer propagation along insulation surfaces[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(22):155-163.
[8]孟晓波,梅红伟,陈昌龙,等.气压与湿度对绝缘介质表面流注发展特性影响的试验研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(12):939-1946.MENG Xiaobo,MEI Hongwei,CHEN Changlong,et al.Experimental research on influences of air pressure and humidity on characteristics of streamer propagation along insulation surfaces[J].Proceedings of the CSEE 2014,34(12):1939-1946.
[9]孟晓波,惠建峰,卞星明,等.低气压下流注放电特性的研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2011,31(25):139-148.MENG Xiaobo,MEI Hongwei,BIAN Xingming,et al.Research on the characteristic of streamer discharge at low air pressure[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2011,31(25):139-148.
[10]孟晓波,梅红伟,陈昌龙,等.绝缘子表面流注发展特性受伞裙形状的影响[J].电工技术学报,2013,28(11):339-348.MENG Xiaobo,MEI Hongwei,CHEN Changlong,et al.Influence of curved profiles on characteristics of streamer propagation along the insulator surfaces[J].Transcations of China Electrotechincal Socity,2013,28(11):339-348.
[11]孟晓波,梅红伟,陈昌龙,等.涂抹RTV的绝缘介质表面流注传播特性的研究[J].电工技术学报,2014,29(10):279-286.MENG Xiaobo,MEI Hongwei,CHEN Changlong,et al.Research on streamer propagation along RTV coated insulation surfaces[J].Transcations of China Electrotechincal Society,2014,29(10):279-286.
[12]秦楷,潘成,吴锴,等.针-板电极下针尖曲率和铝箔尺寸对放电机理的影响[J].高电压技术,2012,38(7):1777-1784.QIN Kai,PAN Cheng,WU Kai,et al.Effect of needle curvature and aluminum foil size on discharge mechanism under needle-plate configuration[J].High Voltage Engineering,2012,38(7):1777-1784.
[13]丁玉剑,张泽,谢庆,等.基于电荷累积的棒-板间隙流注放电过程仿真[J].高电压技术,2015,41(12):4113-4119.DING Yujian,ZHANG Ze,XIE Qing,et al.Fractal dynamic streamer discharge simulation of rod-plane air gap based on charge accumulation[J].High Voltage Engineering,2015,41(12):4113-4119.
[14]刘典,夏胜国.短空气间隙放电流注分叉特性实验研究[J].高电压技术,2015,41(1):282-286.LIU Dian,XIA Shengguo.Experimental studies on characteristics of streamer branching in short air gaps discharge[J].High Voltage Engineering,2015,41(1):282-286.
[15]CLEVIS T T J,NIJDAM S,EBERT U.Inception and propagation of positive streamers in high-purity nitrogen:effects of the voltage rise rate[J].Journal of Physics D:Applied Physics,2013,46(1):1-16.
[16]MATSUMOTO T,OMORI T,SASAMOTO R,et al.Localized residual heat and formation of nonbranched positive streamer with highly repetitive streamer discharge[J].IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science,2015,44(1):1-8.
[17]JANDA M,MACHALA Z,NIKLOVA A,et al.The streamer-to-spark transition in a transient spark:a dc-driven nanosecond-pulsed discharge in atmospheric air[J].Plasma Sources Science and Technology,2012,21(1):1-9.
[18]SHASHURIN A,SHNEIDER M N,KEIDAR M.Measurements of streamer head potential and conductivity of streamer column in cold nonequilibrium atmospheric plasmas[J].Plasma Sources Science and Technology,2012,21(3):1-6.
[19]谭震宇,万基磊,李清泉.基于分形理论的水中流注放电仿真[J].高电压技术,2012,38(7):1556-1561.TAN Zhenyu,WAN Jilei,LI Qingquan.Fractal simulation of streamer discharge in liquid water[J].High Voltage Engineering,2012,38(7):1556-1561.
[20]蔡新景,王新新,邹晓兵,等.大气压下不同气体的流注放电特性[J].高电压技术,2015,41(6):2047-2053.CAI Xinjing,WANG Xinxin,ZOU Xiaobing,et al.Properties of streamer discharges in different gases at atmosphere pressure[J].High Voltage Engineering,2015,41(6):2047-2053.
[21]蔡新景,王凯奇,王新新,等.不同湿度下空气的流注放电特性[J].高电压技术,2015,41(2):638-688.CAI Xinjing,WANG Kaiqi,WANG Xinxin,et al.Properties of streamer discharges in air with variable humidity[J].High Voltage Engineering,2015,41(2):638-688.
[2]杨津基.气体放电[M].北京:科学出版社,1983:116-124.YANG Jinji.Gas discharge[M].Beijing,China:Science Press,1983:116-124.
[3]王黎明,叶维平,梅红伟,等.低温环境下绝缘介质表面流注放电特性[J].高电压技术,2017,43(5):1460-1466.WANG Liming,YE Weiping,MEI Hongwei,et al.Characteristics of streamer discharge along insulation surface in low-temperature environment[J].High Voltage Engineering,2017,43(5):1460-1466.
[4]王黎明,叶维平,梅红伟,等.冰面流注发展特性试验研究[J].高电压技术,2018,44(9):2849-2855.WANG Liming,YE Weiping,MEI Hongwei,et al.Research on streamer discharge characteristics along ice surface[J].High Voltage Engineering,2018,44(9):2849-2855.
[5]ALLEN N L,GHAFFAR A.The conditions required for the propagation of a cathode-directed positive streamer in air[J].Journal of Physics D:Applied Physics,1998,28(2):331-337.
[6]ALLEN N L,MIKROPOULOS P N.Dynamics of streamer propagation in air[J].Journal of Physics D:Applied Physics,1998,32(8):913-919.
[7]孟晓波,梅红伟,陈昌龙,等.绝缘介质表面流注发展特性的机理研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(22):157-163.MENG Xiaobo,MEI Hongwei,CHEN Changlong,et al.Research on characteristics of streamer propagation along insulation surfaces[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(22):155-163.
[8]孟晓波,梅红伟,陈昌龙,等.气压与湿度对绝缘介质表面流注发展特性影响的试验研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(12):939-1946.MENG Xiaobo,MEI Hongwei,CHEN Changlong,et al.Experimental research on influences of air pressure and humidity on characteristics of streamer propagation along insulation surfaces[J].Proceedings of the CSEE 2014,34(12):1939-1946.
[9]孟晓波,惠建峰,卞星明,等.低气压下流注放电特性的研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2011,31(25):139-148.MENG Xiaobo,MEI Hongwei,BIAN Xingming,et al.Research on the characteristic of streamer discharge at low air pressure[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2011,31(25):139-148.
[10]孟晓波,梅红伟,陈昌龙,等.绝缘子表面流注发展特性受伞裙形状的影响[J].电工技术学报,2013,28(11):339-348.MENG Xiaobo,MEI Hongwei,CHEN Changlong,et al.Influence of curved profiles on characteristics of streamer propagation along the insulator surfaces[J].Transcations of China Electrotechincal Socity,2013,28(11):339-348.
[11]孟晓波,梅红伟,陈昌龙,等.涂抹RTV的绝缘介质表面流注传播特性的研究[J].电工技术学报,2014,29(10):279-286.MENG Xiaobo,MEI Hongwei,CHEN Changlong,et al.Research on streamer propagation along RTV coated insulation surfaces[J].Transcations of China Electrotechincal Society,2014,29(10):279-286.
[12]秦楷,潘成,吴锴,等.针-板电极下针尖曲率和铝箔尺寸对放电机理的影响[J].高电压技术,2012,38(7):1777-1784.QIN Kai,PAN Cheng,WU Kai,et al.Effect of needle curvature and aluminum foil size on discharge mechanism under needle-plate configuration[J].High Voltage Engineering,2012,38(7):1777-1784.
[13]丁玉剑,张泽,谢庆,等.基于电荷累积的棒-板间隙流注放电过程仿真[J].高电压技术,2015,41(12):4113-4119.DING Yujian,ZHANG Ze,XIE Qing,et al.Fractal dynamic streamer discharge simulation of rod-plane air gap based on charge accumulation[J].High Voltage Engineering,2015,41(12):4113-4119.
[14]刘典,夏胜国.短空气间隙放电流注分叉特性实验研究[J].高电压技术,2015,41(1):282-286.LIU Dian,XIA Shengguo.Experimental studies on characteristics of streamer branching in short air gaps discharge[J].High Voltage Engineering,2015,41(1):282-286.
[15]CLEVIS T T J,NIJDAM S,EBERT U.Inception and propagation of positive streamers in high-purity nitrogen:effects of the voltage rise rate[J].Journal of Physics D:Applied Physics,2013,46(1):1-16.
[16]MATSUMOTO T,OMORI T,SASAMOTO R,et al.Localized residual heat and formation of nonbranched positive streamer with highly repetitive streamer discharge[J].IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science,2015,44(1):1-8.
[17]JANDA M,MACHALA Z,NIKLOVA A,et al.The streamer-to-spark transition in a transient spark:a dc-driven nanosecond-pulsed discharge in atmospheric air[J].Plasma Sources Science and Technology,2012,21(1):1-9.
[18]SHASHURIN A,SHNEIDER M N,KEIDAR M.Measurements of streamer head potential and conductivity of streamer column in cold nonequilibrium atmospheric plasmas[J].Plasma Sources Science and Technology,2012,21(3):1-6.
[19]谭震宇,万基磊,李清泉.基于分形理论的水中流注放电仿真[J].高电压技术,2012,38(7):1556-1561.TAN Zhenyu,WAN Jilei,LI Qingquan.Fractal simulation of streamer discharge in liquid water[J].High Voltage Engineering,2012,38(7):1556-1561.
[20]蔡新景,王新新,邹晓兵,等.大气压下不同气体的流注放电特性[J].高电压技术,2015,41(6):2047-2053.CAI Xinjing,WANG Xinxin,ZOU Xiaobing,et al.Properties of streamer discharges in different gases at atmosphere pressure[J].High Voltage Engineering,2015,41(6):2047-2053.
[21]蔡新景,王凯奇,王新新,等.不同湿度下空气的流注放电特性[J].高电压技术,2015,41(2):638-688.CAI Xinjing,WANG Kaiqi,WANG Xinxin,et al.Properties of streamer discharges in air with variable humidity[J].High Voltage Engineering,2015,41(2):638-688.