基于AHP的列车司机非技术技能综合评价模型
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摘要
列车司机的非技术技能对保证驾驶安全、降低人因事故发生概率有至关重要的影响。为了客观、准确地评价列车司机的非技术技能,从决策能力、人际能力、自我管理和情景意识4个维度通过问卷对非技术技能的指标进行筛选,得到11个列车司机非技术技能指标;然后使用层次分析法建立非技术技能综合评价递阶层次模型,为了获得各层指标权重,结合群决策方法建立各层的判断矩阵,获得各层指标的权重,最终构建了列车司机非技术技能综合评价模型。该模型既可以分析导致人因事故的非技术技能因素,也能够用于列车司机的评价、选拔和培训。
This paper is aimed to propose a brand-new structural model of the obligatory factors affecting the non-technical skills( NTS) of the railway driver training based on the relation between the principal components analysis( PCA) and the analytic hierarchical process( AHP) of their decision-making. For the research purpose,we have first of all analyzed the influential factors of the NTS of the railway training drivers in terms of the relationship among the communication,the decision-making,the situational awareness and self-control awareness. In order to assess the non-technical skills of the train drivers objectively and accurately,the paper has chosen the indicators of such skills through questionnaires from the 4 dimensional aspects,that is,the decision-making ability,the interpersonal communication skills,the self-control awareness and the awareness of his/her surrounding situation. Based on the behavior marker system of the previous literature,the questionnaire has been established from the above4 aspects and then for the drivers concerned to fill in. And,then,our investigation has to be done in focus of the 11 factors over the dimensional aspects in accordance with the above mentioned 4 aspects via the PCA method. Based on the interactive relations among all the said factors,we have established a NTS evaluation index model in accordance with the said AHP decision-making principle. In addition,we have also built up an evaluation matrix through comparison between the 2 factors with each layer joined with the experts' commentary and the subjective/objective assessments of the analysts concerned. And,then,in accordance with the principle of "majority dominance over the minority" ,it has been made possible to arrive at the consensus through the cluster analysis. And,afterwards,the weight coefficients of each criterion layer and the index layer have been gained on the basis of the consensus matrix. Thus,eventually,in combination with the specific occupational and duty obligations of the train drivers,the conclusion can be arrived that the problem handling capability,the system awareness,the time awareness,the communication and situational control capability should all be made to serve as the key factors affecting the NTS of the railway train drivers in weighing all the indicative factors of the assessment system. Through the above analysis and study of the NTS of railway train drivers,the paper intends to bring forward its due suggestions for selection and training of the really qualified train drivers,in hoping to promote and guarantee the hoisting human factors environment of the driving system and the train operation safety in the future.
This paper is aimed to propose a brand-new structural model of the obligatory factors affecting the non-technical skills( NTS) of the railway driver training based on the relation between the principal components analysis( PCA) and the analytic hierarchical process( AHP) of their decision-making. For the research purpose,we have first of all analyzed the influential factors of the NTS of the railway training drivers in terms of the relationship among the communication,the decision-making,the situational awareness and self-control awareness. In order to assess the non-technical skills of the train drivers objectively and accurately,the paper has chosen the indicators of such skills through questionnaires from the 4 dimensional aspects,that is,the decision-making ability,the interpersonal communication skills,the self-control awareness and the awareness of his/her surrounding situation. Based on the behavior marker system of the previous literature,the questionnaire has been established from the above4 aspects and then for the drivers concerned to fill in. And,then,our investigation has to be done in focus of the 11 factors over the dimensional aspects in accordance with the above mentioned 4 aspects via the PCA method. Based on the interactive relations among all the said factors,we have established a NTS evaluation index model in accordance with the said AHP decision-making principle. In addition,we have also built up an evaluation matrix through comparison between the 2 factors with each layer joined with the experts' commentary and the subjective/objective assessments of the analysts concerned. And,then,in accordance with the principle of "majority dominance over the minority" ,it has been made possible to arrive at the consensus through the cluster analysis. And,afterwards,the weight coefficients of each criterion layer and the index layer have been gained on the basis of the consensus matrix. Thus,eventually,in combination with the specific occupational and duty obligations of the train drivers,the conclusion can be arrived that the problem handling capability,the system awareness,the time awareness,the communication and situational control capability should all be made to serve as the key factors affecting the NTS of the railway train drivers in weighing all the indicative factors of the assessment system. Through the above analysis and study of the NTS of railway train drivers,the paper intends to bring forward its due suggestions for selection and training of the really qualified train drivers,in hoping to promote and guarantee the hoisting human factors environment of the driving system and the train operation safety in the future.
引文
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[9] FU Yanfen(付艳芬),ZHENG Xianlan(郑显兰),LI Ping(李平),et al. Study on the construction of nursing non-professional technical skills evaluation scale[J].Chinese Journal of Nursing(中华护理杂志),2010,45(9):845-847.
[10] DU Yihang(杜衣杭),FANG Weining(方卫宁),QIU Hanzhao(裘瀚照). Recognition and determination of metro dispatchers’non-technical skills based on PCAAHP[J]. Journal of Beijing Jiaotong University(北京交通大学学报),2016,40(6):64-69.
[11] LIU Yu(刘玉),WU Zhenye(武振业),ZHAO Enjiang(赵恩江),et al. Structural analysis on the influencing factors of locomotive drivers'occupational stress[J].China Railway Science(中国铁道科学),2010,31(1):130-133.
[12] CHU Fulei(褚福磊),YE long(叶龙). Competency evaluation of rail transport drivers based on Bayesian networks[J]. China Railway Science(中国铁道科学),2012,33(5):129-133.
[13] DU Y,FANG W,NIU K. A method for evaluation system of railway driver non-technical skills construction[C]//Proceedings of International Conference on Intelligent Rail Transport. New York:Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers,2018.
[14] SAATY T L. The analytic hierarchy process:planning,priority setting, resource allocation[M]. New York:McGraw-Hill,1980.
[15] YANG Ni(杨妮),ZHANG Youpeng(张友鹏),WANG Sihua(王思华). Reliability analysis for the on-board train control system based on the relation between AHP and the comparable degree possibility[J]. Journal of Safety and Environment(安全与环境学报),2017,17(5):1676-1680.
[16] SHI S G,CAO J C,LI F,et al. Construction of a technique plan repository and evaluation system based on AHP group decision-making for emergency treatment and disposal in chemical pollution accidents[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials,2014,276:200-206.
[17] DU Y,FANG W. A CIT-AHP method for identification of communication skill factors in metro traffic dispatching system[C]//Proceedings of International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics. Cham:Springer,2018.
[2] ZHANG Guobao(张国宝),WANG Weizhong(汪伟忠).Empirical analysis of the critical factors of human error resulted accidents in the railway transportation management based on DEMATEL[J]. Journal of Safety and Environment(安全与环境学报),2017,17(5):1858-1862.
[3] HELMREICH R L,FOUSHEE H C. Why crew resource management? Empirical and theoretical bases of human factors training in aviation[M]. San Diego:Academic Press,1993:3-45.
[4] VAN AVERMAETE J A G. The evaluation of non-technical skills of multi-pilot aircrew in relation to the JAR-FCL requirements[M]. Amsterdam:National Aerospace Laboratory,1998.
[5] YOU Xuqun(游旭群),JI Ming(姬鸣),DAI Kun(戴鲲),et al. Developing a multidimensional scale to assess safety behaviors in airline flight[J]. Acta Psychologica Sinica(心理学报),2009,41(12):1237-1251.
[6] FLETCHER G, FLIN R, MCGEORGE P, et al.Anaesthetists'non-technical skills(ANTS):evaluation of a behavioural marker system[J]. British Journal of Anaesthesia,2003,90(5):580-588.
[7] YULE S,FLIN R,MARAN N,et al. Surgeons'nontechnical skills in the operating room:reliability testing of the NOTSS behavior rating system[J]. World Journal of Surgery,2008,32(4):548-556.
[8] PUCHER P H,BATRICK N F,TAYLOR D,et al. Virtual-world hospital simulation for real-world disaster response:design and validation of a virtual reality simulator for mass casualty incident management[J]. Journal of Trauma&Acute Care Surgery,2014,77(2):315-321.
[9] FU Yanfen(付艳芬),ZHENG Xianlan(郑显兰),LI Ping(李平),et al. Study on the construction of nursing non-professional technical skills evaluation scale[J].Chinese Journal of Nursing(中华护理杂志),2010,45(9):845-847.
[10] DU Yihang(杜衣杭),FANG Weining(方卫宁),QIU Hanzhao(裘瀚照). Recognition and determination of metro dispatchers’non-technical skills based on PCAAHP[J]. Journal of Beijing Jiaotong University(北京交通大学学报),2016,40(6):64-69.
[11] LIU Yu(刘玉),WU Zhenye(武振业),ZHAO Enjiang(赵恩江),et al. Structural analysis on the influencing factors of locomotive drivers'occupational stress[J].China Railway Science(中国铁道科学),2010,31(1):130-133.
[12] CHU Fulei(褚福磊),YE long(叶龙). Competency evaluation of rail transport drivers based on Bayesian networks[J]. China Railway Science(中国铁道科学),2012,33(5):129-133.
[13] DU Y,FANG W,NIU K. A method for evaluation system of railway driver non-technical skills construction[C]//Proceedings of International Conference on Intelligent Rail Transport. New York:Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers,2018.
[14] SAATY T L. The analytic hierarchy process:planning,priority setting, resource allocation[M]. New York:McGraw-Hill,1980.
[15] YANG Ni(杨妮),ZHANG Youpeng(张友鹏),WANG Sihua(王思华). Reliability analysis for the on-board train control system based on the relation between AHP and the comparable degree possibility[J]. Journal of Safety and Environment(安全与环境学报),2017,17(5):1676-1680.
[16] SHI S G,CAO J C,LI F,et al. Construction of a technique plan repository and evaluation system based on AHP group decision-making for emergency treatment and disposal in chemical pollution accidents[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials,2014,276:200-206.
[17] DU Y,FANG W. A CIT-AHP method for identification of communication skill factors in metro traffic dispatching system[C]//Proceedings of International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics. Cham:Springer,2018.