安第斯带斑岩型铜(金-钼)矿床时空分布特征
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摘要
南美安第斯带斑岩型铜(金-钼)矿床受板块持续俯冲作用影响,呈线性多条带状分布,以中安第斯段的矿床数量多、分布集中、矿床规模巨大为特征;成矿时代有晚古生代冈瓦纳造山旋回两期和中—新生代安第斯造山旋回4期,以始新世晚期—渐新世和中新世中期—上新世最为重要。
This article relies on the"Global Mineral Resources Information System"and related projects of the China Geological Survey. The spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of the porphyry Cu( Au-Mo) deposit in the Andean orogenic belt of South America is summarized: Influenced by the continuous subduction of the plate,the porphyry Cu( Au-Mo) deposit in the Andean belt is linear and multi-banded. It is characterized by a large number of deposits,concentrated distribution and large scale of deposits in the Central Andes section. At the age of mineralization,there were two periods of the Late Paleozoic Gondwana orogenic cycle and and four periods of the Mesozoic-Cenozoic Andean orogenic revolving cycle. The most important is the late Eocene-Oligocene and Miocene mid-Pliocene. It provides a reference for understanding the ore-forming geological characteristics and metallogenic regularity of porphyry deposits in the Andean belt.
This article relies on the"Global Mineral Resources Information System"and related projects of the China Geological Survey. The spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of the porphyry Cu( Au-Mo) deposit in the Andean orogenic belt of South America is summarized: Influenced by the continuous subduction of the plate,the porphyry Cu( Au-Mo) deposit in the Andean belt is linear and multi-banded. It is characterized by a large number of deposits,concentrated distribution and large scale of deposits in the Central Andes section. At the age of mineralization,there were two periods of the Late Paleozoic Gondwana orogenic cycle and and four periods of the Mesozoic-Cenozoic Andean orogenic revolving cycle. The most important is the late Eocene-Oligocene and Miocene mid-Pliocene. It provides a reference for understanding the ore-forming geological characteristics and metallogenic regularity of porphyry deposits in the Andean belt.
引文
[1]SILLITOE R H.Characteristics and controls of the largest porphyry copper-gold and epithermal gold deposits in the circum-Pacific region[J].Australian Journal of Earth Sciences,1997,44(3):373-388.
[2]COOKE D R,HOLLINGS P,WALSH J L.Giant porphyry deposits:Characteristics,distribution,and tectonic controls[J].Economic Geology,2005,100(5):801-818.
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[11]赵宏军,卢民杰,邱瑞照,等.浅谈安第斯成矿带铜矿时空分布规律[C]//2014年中国地球科学联合学术年会论文集.北京:中国地球物理学会,中国地质学会,2014:2604-2607.ZHAO Hongjun,LU Minjie,QIU Ruizhao,et al.Discussion on the temporal and spatial distribution of copper deposits in the Andean metallogenic belt[C]//China Earth Science Joint Academic Annual Meeting.2014:2604-2607.(in Chinese)
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[13]CHARRIER R,RAMOS V A,TAPIA F,et al.Tectonostratigraphic evolution of the Andean Orogen between 31-37°S(Chile and Western Argentina)[J].Journal of South American Earth Sciences,2015,38:13-30.
[14]RAMOS V A,FOLGUERA A.Andean flat-slab subduction through time[M]//MURPHY J B,KEPPIE J D,HYNES AJ.Ancient Orogens and Modern Analogues.The Geological Society,Special Publication,London,2009,327:31-54.
[15]MAKSAEV V,ZENTILLI M,REYNOLDS P H.40Ar/39Ar geochronology of porphyry copper deposits of the northern Chilean Andes[J].Congreso Geologico Chilena,5th,Santiago Aetas,1998,l:8109-8133.
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[17]REUTTER K J,SCHEUBER E,CHONG G.The Precordilleran fault system of Chuquicamata,northern Chile:Evidence for reversals along arc-parallel strike-slip faults[J].Tectonophysics,1996,259(1-3):213-228.
[18]LINDSAY D O,ZENTILLI M,ROJAS DE LA RIVERA J.Evolution of an active ductile to brittle shear system controlling mineralization at the Chuquicamata porphyry copper deposit,northern Chile[J].International Geology Review,1995,37(11):945-958.
[19]MPODOZIS C,RAMOS V.The Andes of Chile and Argentina[J].Circum-Pacific Council for Energy and Mineral Resources,Earth Science Series,1990,11:59-90.
[20]STERN C R.Role of subduction erosion in the generation of Andean magmas[J].Geology,1991,19(1):78-81.
[21]HASCHKE M,SIEBEL W,G?NTHER A,et al.Repeated crustal thicking and recycling during the Andean orogeny in north Chile(21°-26°S)[M].Journal of Geophysical Research,2002,107(B1):6-1-6-18.
[22]Cunningham,C.G.,Zappettini,E.O.,Vivallo S.,Waldo,Celada,C.M.,Quispe,Jorge,Singer,D.A.,Briskey,J.A,Sutphin,D.M.,Gajardo M.,Mariano,Diaz,Alejandro,Portigliati,Carlos,Berger,V.I.,Carrasco,Rodrigo,and Schulz,K.J.,2008,Quantitative mineral resource assessment of copper,molybdenum,gold,and silver in undiscovered porphyry copper deposits in the Andes Mountains of South America:U.S.Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1253,282 p.Available on CD-ROM and online at https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1253/.
[2]COOKE D R,HOLLINGS P,WALSH J L.Giant porphyry deposits:Characteristics,distribution,and tectonic controls[J].Economic Geology,2005,100(5):801-818.
[3]MUTSCHLER F E,LUDINGTON S,BOOKSTROM A A.Giant porphyry-related metal camps of the world,a database[R].Open-File Report 99-556,Menlo Park,CA:U.S.Geological Survey,2010.
[4]REICH M,PARADA M A,PALACIOS C,et al.Adakite-like signature of Late Miocene intrusions at the Los Pelambres giant porphyry copper deposit in the Andes of central Chile:Metallogenic implications[J].Mineralium Deposita,2003,38(7):876-885.
[5]OYARZUN R,M?RQUEZ A,LILLO J,et al.Giant versus small porphyry copper deposits of Cenozoic age in northern Chile:Adakitic versus normal calc-alkaline magmatism[J].Mineralium Deposita,2001,36(8):794-798.
[6]COOKE D R,HOLLINGS P,WALSH J L.Giant porphyry deposits:characteristics,distribution,and tectonic controls[J].Economic Geology,2005,100(5):801-818.
[7]孙卫东,凌明星,杨晓勇,等.洋脊俯冲与斑岩铜金矿成矿[J].中国科学:地球科学,2010,40(2):127-137.SUN Weidong,LING Mingxing,YANG Xiaoyong,et al.Ridge subduction and porphyry copper-gold mineralization:An overview[J].Science China Earth Sciences,2010,53(4):475-484.
[8]SINGER D A,BERGER V I,MORING B C.Porphyry copper deposits of the world:Database,map,and grade and tonnage models[M].U.S.Geological Survey Open-File Report2005-1060,Menlo Park,CA:U.S.Geological Survey,2005:1060.
[9]GAMMONS C H,WILLIAMS-JONES A E.Chemical mobility of gold in the porphyry-epithermal environment[J].Economic Geology,1997,92(1):45-59.
[10]卢民杰,朱小三,郭维民.南美安第斯地区成矿区带划分探讨[J].矿床地质,2016,35(5):1073-1083.LU Minjie,ZHU Xiaosan,GUO Weimin.Division of Andean metallogenic domain in South America[J].Mineral Deposits,2016,35(5):1073-1083.(in Chinese with English abstract).
[11]赵宏军,卢民杰,邱瑞照,等.浅谈安第斯成矿带铜矿时空分布规律[C]//2014年中国地球科学联合学术年会论文集.北京:中国地球物理学会,中国地质学会,2014:2604-2607.ZHAO Hongjun,LU Minjie,QIU Ruizhao,et al.Discussion on the temporal and spatial distribution of copper deposits in the Andean metallogenic belt[C]//China Earth Science Joint Academic Annual Meeting.2014:2604-2607.(in Chinese)
[12]SILLITOE R H,PERELLJ.Andean copper provincetectonomagmatic settings,deposit types,metallogeny,exploration,and discovery.In:HEDENQUIST J W,THOMPSON J F H,GOLDFARB R J,et al.Economic Geology One Hundredth Anniversary Volume,1905-2005.Littleton:Society of Economic Geologists,2005:845-890.
[13]CHARRIER R,RAMOS V A,TAPIA F,et al.Tectonostratigraphic evolution of the Andean Orogen between 31-37°S(Chile and Western Argentina)[J].Journal of South American Earth Sciences,2015,38:13-30.
[14]RAMOS V A,FOLGUERA A.Andean flat-slab subduction through time[M]//MURPHY J B,KEPPIE J D,HYNES AJ.Ancient Orogens and Modern Analogues.The Geological Society,Special Publication,London,2009,327:31-54.
[15]MAKSAEV V,ZENTILLI M,REYNOLDS P H.40Ar/39Ar geochronology of porphyry copper deposits of the northern Chilean Andes[J].Congreso Geologico Chilena,5th,Santiago Aetas,1998,l:8109-8133.
[16]REUTTER K J,SCHEUBER E,HELMCKE D.Structural evidence of orogen-parallel strike slip displacements in the Precordillera of northern Chile[J].Geologische Rundschau,1991,80(1):135-153.
[17]REUTTER K J,SCHEUBER E,CHONG G.The Precordilleran fault system of Chuquicamata,northern Chile:Evidence for reversals along arc-parallel strike-slip faults[J].Tectonophysics,1996,259(1-3):213-228.
[18]LINDSAY D O,ZENTILLI M,ROJAS DE LA RIVERA J.Evolution of an active ductile to brittle shear system controlling mineralization at the Chuquicamata porphyry copper deposit,northern Chile[J].International Geology Review,1995,37(11):945-958.
[19]MPODOZIS C,RAMOS V.The Andes of Chile and Argentina[J].Circum-Pacific Council for Energy and Mineral Resources,Earth Science Series,1990,11:59-90.
[20]STERN C R.Role of subduction erosion in the generation of Andean magmas[J].Geology,1991,19(1):78-81.
[21]HASCHKE M,SIEBEL W,G?NTHER A,et al.Repeated crustal thicking and recycling during the Andean orogeny in north Chile(21°-26°S)[M].Journal of Geophysical Research,2002,107(B1):6-1-6-18.
[22]Cunningham,C.G.,Zappettini,E.O.,Vivallo S.,Waldo,Celada,C.M.,Quispe,Jorge,Singer,D.A.,Briskey,J.A,Sutphin,D.M.,Gajardo M.,Mariano,Diaz,Alejandro,Portigliati,Carlos,Berger,V.I.,Carrasco,Rodrigo,and Schulz,K.J.,2008,Quantitative mineral resource assessment of copper,molybdenum,gold,and silver in undiscovered porphyry copper deposits in the Andes Mountains of South America:U.S.Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1253,282 p.Available on CD-ROM and online at https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1253/.