碟片激光器激光淬火过程数值模拟与试验研究
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摘要
目的通过模拟计算得出45钢激光淬火温度场的瞬变规律和微观组织相变规律,得出马氏体的形成与转变程度,测出淬火相变硬化的层深与层宽。方法基于COMSOLMultiphysics建立碟片激光器对45钢激光淬火过程的热力耦合模型,利用JMatpro计算45钢激光淬火过程中的物性参数变化,对模型物性参数进行修改,并以4000W碟片激光器对45钢进行激光淬火试验,通过Axioskop2扫描电子显微镜、Zeiss-?IGMA HD场发射电子显微镜、HXS-1000A显微硬度仪分析45钢淬火组织和相变硬化规律。结果相同功率下,碟片激光器与传统激光器相比,激光淬火相变硬化层及热影响区明显增大,相变界限清晰,淬火影响区呈高斯分布,完全相变区组织转变效果较好,热影响过渡区沿高斯弧线近似等距分布。激光淬火层由表及里依次为完全淬火相变区、不完全淬火区和芯部基体,完全淬火区形成致密细小的针状马氏体和少量残余奥氏体,淬硬层呈高斯分布,深达1084.589μm,最大宽度9761.989μm,硬度达到799HV,不完全淬火区厚度为361.533μm。结论试验结果与模拟计算结果吻合,COMSOL可实现对激光淬火过程的有效模拟。
The work aims to obtain the transient law of laser quenching temperature field and microstructure transformation law of 45 steel obtained through simulation calculation, get the formation and transformation degree of martensite, and measure the layer depth and width of quenching phase transformation hardening. Based on COMSOL Multiphysics, the thermodynamic coupling model for laser quenching process of 45 steel plate laser was established and the changes of physical parameters during laser quenching were calculated by JMatpro to modify the physical parameters of the model. At the same time, based on 4000 W disk laser, a quenching experiment of 45 steel was carried out. The quenching microstructure and phase change hardening law of45 steel were observed by Axioskop 2 scanning electron microscope, Zeiss-?IGMA HD field emission electron microscopy and HXS-1000 A microhardness tester. Under the same laser power, the hardened layer and heat-affected zone of disk laser quenching were obviously larger than those of conventional laser quenching, the boundary of phase transformation was clear, the quenching affected zone showed Gaussian distribution, and the microstructure transformation effect in the complete phase transformation zone was better, and the heat-affected transition zone was approximately equidistant along the Gaussian arc. The laser quenching layer was composed of completely quenched phase transformation zone, incomplete quenched zone and core matrix, from the outside to the inside. Fine needle like martensite and a small amount of retained austenite were formed in the complete quenching zone; the hardened layer showed Gauss distribution, the depth was 1084.589 μm, the maximum width was9761.989 μm and the hardness was 799 HV. The thickness of incomplete quenched zone was 361.533 μm. All the experimental results coincide with the simulation results, and COMSOL Multiphysics can achieve an effective simulation of laser quenching process.
The work aims to obtain the transient law of laser quenching temperature field and microstructure transformation law of 45 steel obtained through simulation calculation, get the formation and transformation degree of martensite, and measure the layer depth and width of quenching phase transformation hardening. Based on COMSOL Multiphysics, the thermodynamic coupling model for laser quenching process of 45 steel plate laser was established and the changes of physical parameters during laser quenching were calculated by JMatpro to modify the physical parameters of the model. At the same time, based on 4000 W disk laser, a quenching experiment of 45 steel was carried out. The quenching microstructure and phase change hardening law of45 steel were observed by Axioskop 2 scanning electron microscope, Zeiss-?IGMA HD field emission electron microscopy and HXS-1000 A microhardness tester. Under the same laser power, the hardened layer and heat-affected zone of disk laser quenching were obviously larger than those of conventional laser quenching, the boundary of phase transformation was clear, the quenching affected zone showed Gaussian distribution, and the microstructure transformation effect in the complete phase transformation zone was better, and the heat-affected transition zone was approximately equidistant along the Gaussian arc. The laser quenching layer was composed of completely quenched phase transformation zone, incomplete quenched zone and core matrix, from the outside to the inside. Fine needle like martensite and a small amount of retained austenite were formed in the complete quenching zone; the hardened layer showed Gauss distribution, the depth was 1084.589 μm, the maximum width was9761.989 μm and the hardness was 799 HV. The thickness of incomplete quenched zone was 361.533 μm. All the experimental results coincide with the simulation results, and COMSOL Multiphysics can achieve an effective simulation of laser quenching process.
引文
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[2]PELLIZZARI M,FLORA M G D.Influence of laser hardening on the tribological properties of forged steel for hot rolls[J].Wear,2011,271(9):2401-2411.
[3]赵新,金杰.激光表面改性技术的研究与发展[J].光电子激光,2000,11(3):324-328.ZHAO Xin,JIN Jie.Studies and developments of laser surface modification technology[J].Journal of optoelectronics·laser,2000,11(3):324-328.
[4]李刚,相珺,况军.GCr15钢表面激光淬火的组织与性能[J].材料热处理学报,2010(4):129-132.LI Gang,XIANG Jun,KUANG Jun.Microstructure and properties of GCr15 steel treated by laser quenching[J].Transactions of materials and heat treatment,2010(4):129-132.
[5]姚建华.激光表面改性技术及其应用[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2012:68-69.YAO Jian-hua.Laser surface modification technology and application[M].Beijing:National Defense Industry Press,2012:68-69.
[6]刘春阁,邱星武.激光硬化表面处理技术及其应用现状[J].稀有金属与硬质合金,2012,40(1):62-63.LIU Chun-ge,QIU Xing-wu.Laser hardening surface treatment technology and its present application[J].Rare metals and cemented carbides,2012,40(1):62-63.
[7]BABIC M,MILFELNER M.Robot laser hardening and the problem of overlapping laser beam[J].Advances in production engineering&management,2013,8(1):25-32.
[8]符轲,张修庆,续晓宵.45钢激光淬火工艺优化及性能[J].金属热处理,2017,42(1):154-157.FU Ke,ZHANG Xiu-qing,XU Xiao-xiao.Process optimization and property analysis of 45 steel by laser quenching[J].Heat treatment of metals,2017,42(1):154-157.
[9]桑嘉新,沈骏,张贤坤.20CrMnTi齿轮钢激光淬火的研究[J].中国锰业,2017,35(4):117-119.SANG Jia-xin,SHEN Jun,ZHANG Xian-kun.A study on the laser quenching of 20CrMnTi gear steel[J].China's manganese industry,2017,35(4):117-119.
[10]KONG D,GUIZHEONG F U,WANG W,et al.Effects of laser quenching on friction and wear properties of40CrNiMo[J].Journal of Central South University,2014,45(3):714-720.
[11]郜飞飞,王敬忠,包汉生.激光淬火工艺参数对HT210淬硬层深及硬度的影响[J].物理测试,2017,35(5):20-23.GAO Fei-fei,WANG Jing-zhong,BAO Han-sheng.Influence of the laser quenching process parameters on the depth and the hardness of the hardening layer of HT210[J].Physics examination and testing,2017,35(5):20-23.
[12]华希俊,郝静文.泥浆泵高铬铸铁材料激光淬火技术及其摩擦磨损性能研究[J].表面技术,2017,46(6):215-218.HUA Xi-jun,HAO Jing-wen.Laser quenching technology and friction&wear properties of mud pump high chromium iron material[J].Surface technology,2017,46(6):215-218.
[13]EIBATAHGY A M,RAMADAN R A,et al.Laser surface hardening of tool steels-experimental and numerical analysis[J].Surface engineered materials and advanced technology,2013,3(2):146-153.
[14]LI Rui-feng,JIN Ya-juan,LI Zhu-guo.A comparative study of high-power diode laser and CO2 laser surface hardening of AISI 1045 steel[J].Materials engineering and performance,2014,1(3):3085-3091.
[15]XIE Z Q,ZENG Q Q.Laser quenching and ion sulphidizing complex surface treat technology for diesel engine cylinder[J].Journal of Wuhan University of TechnologyMaters science edition,2012,27(6):1115-1119.
[16]COLOMBINI E,SOLA R,PARIGI G.Laser quenching of ionic nitride steel:effect of process parameters on microstructure and optimization[J].Metallurgical and materials transactions A,2014,45(1):5562-5573.