基于AHP-FUZZY法的水下爆破影响区域危险性评价
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摘要
水下爆破工程存在毗邻环境复杂多样、爆炸过程难以观测等问题,常导致水下爆破影响区域危险性难以预先定量评估而造成房屋或道路开裂、滑坡等工程事故。依托长江上游九龙坡—朝天门河段水下炸礁工程,采用层次分析法(AHP)和模糊数学(FUZZY)相结合的综合评价方法对水下爆破影响区域危险等级进行评价。参考已有工程实例及研究成果,以水下爆破施工中爆炸、传播和振动响应3个阶段为基础,将水下爆破影响区域危险性等级评价指标归纳为地质特征、爆破参数、传播特性和安全控制4个指标,构建了完整的评价模型。最后,将实际工程的模型应用结果与现场监测数据进行对比分析,结果显示该方法实际操作性较强,对水下爆破影响区域危险性的评价效果较好。研究成果为工程防护施工提供了重要参考。
Due to complicated and diverse circumstances and the difficulty in observing blasting process, underwater blasting project is prone to cause landslides and cracks in buildings and roads as quantitative assessment of regional risk in advance is thus challenging. With the underwater reef demolishing project in the Jiulongpo-Chaotianmen segment of upstream Changjiang River as a research background, we assessed the risk levels of blasting-affected regions using a comprehensive method integrating analytic hierarchy process(AHP) and fuzzy mathematics. In line with the three stages of blasting, namely, blasting stage, propagation stage, and vibration resonance stage, we established an assessment model with geological features, blasting parameters, propagation features, and safety control as four assessment indicators. Comparison between the results of model application and on-site monitoring verified that the assessment method is strongly practical with good effect in the assessment of risk level of underwater blasting.
Due to complicated and diverse circumstances and the difficulty in observing blasting process, underwater blasting project is prone to cause landslides and cracks in buildings and roads as quantitative assessment of regional risk in advance is thus challenging. With the underwater reef demolishing project in the Jiulongpo-Chaotianmen segment of upstream Changjiang River as a research background, we assessed the risk levels of blasting-affected regions using a comprehensive method integrating analytic hierarchy process(AHP) and fuzzy mathematics. In line with the three stages of blasting, namely, blasting stage, propagation stage, and vibration resonance stage, we established an assessment model with geological features, blasting parameters, propagation features, and safety control as four assessment indicators. Comparison between the results of model application and on-site monitoring verified that the assessment method is strongly practical with good effect in the assessment of risk level of underwater blasting.
引文
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[2] 赵根,吴从清,王文辉.爆破水中冲击波对鱼类损伤研究[J].工程爆破,2011,17(4):103-105.
[3] 李海涛,朱石坚,刁爱民,等.水下爆炸作用下对称结构船体梁整体损伤特性研究[J].船舶力学,2017,21(8):983-992.
[4] 赵根,李世洪.缓倾超深孔水下爆破技术在船坞岩坎爆破中的应用[J].长江科学院院报,1998,15(4):42-45.
[5] 张社荣,孔源,王高辉.水下和空中爆炸冲击波传播特性对比分析[J].振动与冲击,2014,33(13):148-153.
[6] 贾虎,沈兆武.空气隔层对水中冲击波的衰减特性[J].爆炸与冲击,2012,32(1):61-66.
[7] 石崇,毕卫国.爆破地震破坏判据的探讨[J].岩土力学,2004,25(增刊1):115-118.
[8] 阳生权,廖先葵,刘宝琛.爆破地震安全判据的缺陷与改进[J].爆炸与冲击,2001,21(3):223-228.
[9] 梁开水,柴修伟,王玉杰.水下钻孔爆破施工的AHP-FUZZY技术[J].武汉理工大学学报,2009,31(1):95-98.
[10] 李波,吴立,陆中玏,等.基于AHP-FUZZY法与现场试验的隧道岩爆倾向性研究[J].现代隧道技术,2015,52(1):55-61.
[11] 高超,梅亚东,等.基于AHP-FUZZY法的汉江流域水资源承载力评价与预测[J].长江科学院院报,2014,31(9):21-28.
[12] 闫长斌.爆破作用下岩体累积损伤效应及其稳定性研究[D].长沙:中南大学,2006.
[13] 宋光明,曾新吾,陈寿如,等.基于波形预测小波包分析模型的降振微差时间选择[J].爆炸与冲击,2003,23(2):163-168.
[14] 邵鲁中,龙源,孙远征,等.水深因素对水下钻孔爆破冲击波压力峰值的影响[J].爆破器材,2008,37(3):4-6.
[15] 彭亚雄,吴立,苏莹,等.考虑高程效应的水下爆破振动衰减拟合模型研究[J].振动与冲击,2016,35(13):173-178.
[16] 周浩仓.爆破持续时间对爆破振动的影响探讨[J].采矿技术,2013(5):121-122.
[17] 高立兵,苏军德.基于信息熵与AHP模型的小区域泥石流危险性评价方法[J].水土保持研究,2017,24(1):376-380.
[18] 许传华,任青文.地下工程围岩稳定性的模糊综合评判法[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(11):1852-1855.