黄河甘肃段流域生态环境需水量探究
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摘要
从流域生态环境平衡的角度出发,探讨了符合黄河甘肃段流域生态环境实际的生态环境需水内涵。在此基础上,构建了以面积定额法计算的河道外生态环境需水量模型和以水文法计算的河道内生态环境需水量模型。分别计算了河道外植被生态环境需水量和维持河道流量的河道内河流基础生态环境需水量、河流输沙运泥需水量、水库湖泊系统生态环境需水量。结果表明:黄河甘肃段生态环境总需水量为312.6亿m3,约占流域年径流量的52%,这一结果远超国际上普遍认可的地表水资源合理的开发程度为30%的阀值,说明该地区生态环境需水量与流域总径流量在环境保护和经济发展方面有一些冲突。
From the angle of ecological environment balance of the river basin,the connotation of ecological environment water requirement conforming to the ecological environment of the Gansu section of the Yellow River was discussed. Based on that,a model for calculating the eco-environmental water requirement outside the river and the eco-environmental water demand model based on the water grammar method was built. The riverine basic ecological and environmental water demand,river sediment transport and sludge water demand and the eco-environmental water requirement of reservoir and lake system were calculated respectively. The results showed that the ecological environment of the Yellow River Gansu section of the total water demand was 31 billion 260 million m3,accounting for about 52% of the annual runoff,the results far beyond the internationally recognized surface water resources reasonable development degree for the 30% threshold,indicating that the ecological environment of the regional water demand and total watershed runoff has some conflicts in environmental protection and economic development.
From the angle of ecological environment balance of the river basin,the connotation of ecological environment water requirement conforming to the ecological environment of the Gansu section of the Yellow River was discussed. Based on that,a model for calculating the eco-environmental water requirement outside the river and the eco-environmental water demand model based on the water grammar method was built. The riverine basic ecological and environmental water demand,river sediment transport and sludge water demand and the eco-environmental water requirement of reservoir and lake system were calculated respectively. The results showed that the ecological environment of the Yellow River Gansu section of the total water demand was 31 billion 260 million m3,accounting for about 52% of the annual runoff,the results far beyond the internationally recognized surface water resources reasonable development degree for the 30% threshold,indicating that the ecological environment of the regional water demand and total watershed runoff has some conflicts in environmental protection and economic development.
引文
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[11]魏国,何俊仕.沈阳市生态环境需水研究[J].人民长江,2008,39(11):54-57.
[12]严登华,何岩,邓伟,等.东辽河流域河流系统生态需水研究[J].水土保持学报,2001,15(1):46-49.
[13]姜德娟,王会肖,李丽娟.生态环境需水量分类及计算方法综述[J].地理科学进展,2003,22(4):369-378.
[14]李丽娟,郑红星.海滦河流域河流系统生态环境需水量计算[J].地理学报,2000,55(4):495-500.
[15]中国工程院“21世纪中国可持续发展水资源战略研究”项目组.中国可持续发展水资源战略研究综合报告[J].中国工程科学,2002,2(8):1-17.
[16]何永涛,李文华,李贵才,等.黄土高原地区森林植被生态需水研究[J].环境科学,2005,25(3):35-39.
[17]田静,苏红波,陈少辉,等.近20年来中国内陆地表蒸散的时空变化[J].资源科学,2012,34(7):1277-1286.
[18]罗小勇,邱凉,涂建峰.长江流域生态环境需水量研究[J].人民长江,2011,42(18):77-80.
[19]邱新法,刘昌明,曾燕.黄河流域近40年蒸发皿蒸发量的气候变化特征[J].自然资源学报,2003,18(4):437-442.
[2]孙栋元,赵成义,李菊燕,等.基于层次分析法的干旱内陆河流域生态环境需水评价[J].水土保持通报,2011,31(5):108-114.
[3]丰丽华,王超,李勇.流域生态需水量的研究[J].环境科学动态,2007(1):27-30,37.
[4]石伟,王光谦.黄河下游生态需水量及其估算[J].地理学报,2002,57(5):595-602.
[5]程瑛,李维京,王润元,等.近40 a甘肃省气象灾害对社会经济的影响[J].干旱区地理,2006,29(6):844-849.
[6]姚玉璧,邓振镛,尹东,等.黄河重要水源补给区甘南高原气候变化及其对生态环境的影响[J].地理研究,2007,26(4):844-852.
[7]李磊,惠亚梅,马敏泉,等.黄河兰州段总氮总磷污染特征及控制策略[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2013,23(11):105-108.
[8]刘理臣,靳素芳,付春燕,等.甘肃省水贫困时空分异及驱动因素研究[J].兰州大学学报,2016,52(1):205-210.
[9]吴梦初,延军平,刘栎杉.甘肃省雨涝灾害时间对称性及趋势判断[J].干旱区资源与环境,2014,28(8):125-131.
[10]黄维东,牛最荣,赵治文.甘肃省主要河流水环境质量分析评价[J].水文,2010,30(2):33-35.
[11]魏国,何俊仕.沈阳市生态环境需水研究[J].人民长江,2008,39(11):54-57.
[12]严登华,何岩,邓伟,等.东辽河流域河流系统生态需水研究[J].水土保持学报,2001,15(1):46-49.
[13]姜德娟,王会肖,李丽娟.生态环境需水量分类及计算方法综述[J].地理科学进展,2003,22(4):369-378.
[14]李丽娟,郑红星.海滦河流域河流系统生态环境需水量计算[J].地理学报,2000,55(4):495-500.
[15]中国工程院“21世纪中国可持续发展水资源战略研究”项目组.中国可持续发展水资源战略研究综合报告[J].中国工程科学,2002,2(8):1-17.
[16]何永涛,李文华,李贵才,等.黄土高原地区森林植被生态需水研究[J].环境科学,2005,25(3):35-39.
[17]田静,苏红波,陈少辉,等.近20年来中国内陆地表蒸散的时空变化[J].资源科学,2012,34(7):1277-1286.
[18]罗小勇,邱凉,涂建峰.长江流域生态环境需水量研究[J].人民长江,2011,42(18):77-80.
[19]邱新法,刘昌明,曾燕.黄河流域近40年蒸发皿蒸发量的气候变化特征[J].自然资源学报,2003,18(4):437-442.