洮河国家级自然保护区生态需水与水资源承载力评价研究
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摘要
针对洮河国家级自然保护区自然环境及其生态系统特点,将自然保护区的生态需水主体划分为河道、旱地植被和城镇生态需水3部分,采用Tontana法、水量平衡方程及标准定额法,计算了自然保护区自产水资源总量为14.4×10~8 m~3,生态功能的最小生态需水量为2.26×10~8 m~3,适宜生态环境需水量为3.528×10~8 m~3。依据洮河自然保护区社会经济和环境数据,结合选取的水资源承载力评价模型,分析得出洮河自然保护区域内水资源可支持的最大人口数为7.1×10~5人。结果表明,本区域内水资源在满足自身人口需求的同时上还能作为洮河乃至黄河流域的战略储备水资源库;在未来30年,流域IWSD分别为0.107、0.052、0.049,水资源可较好地支撑区域社会经济发展。
According to the characteristics of the natural environment and ecological system of Taohe River National Nature Reserve,we divided the main body of the ecological water requirement in the reserve into three parts:the river course,dry land vegetation and urban ecological water demand.The Tontana method,water balance equation and standard quota method were applied to calculate the total water resources.It was found that the minimum ecological water demand based on the ecological function and the suitable ecological environment water demand were 14.4×10~8,2.26×10~8 and 3.528×10~8 m~3,respectively.Based on the social economy and environmental data of the Taohe River National Nature Reserve,combined with the selected water resources carrying capacity evaluation model,we analyzed that the maximum number of population were 7.1×10~5,which showed that the water resources in the region could be used as a strategic reserve from Taohe River to the Yellow River besides the basic demand of their own population.In the next30 years,the values of index of water supply and demand(IWSD)in 2020,2030,and 2040 would be 0.107,0.052 and 0.049,respectively.The results showed that the water resources could support the development of the social and economic in the region.
According to the characteristics of the natural environment and ecological system of Taohe River National Nature Reserve,we divided the main body of the ecological water requirement in the reserve into three parts:the river course,dry land vegetation and urban ecological water demand.The Tontana method,water balance equation and standard quota method were applied to calculate the total water resources.It was found that the minimum ecological water demand based on the ecological function and the suitable ecological environment water demand were 14.4×10~8,2.26×10~8 and 3.528×10~8 m~3,respectively.Based on the social economy and environmental data of the Taohe River National Nature Reserve,combined with the selected water resources carrying capacity evaluation model,we analyzed that the maximum number of population were 7.1×10~5,which showed that the water resources in the region could be used as a strategic reserve from Taohe River to the Yellow River besides the basic demand of their own population.In the next30 years,the values of index of water supply and demand(IWSD)in 2020,2030,and 2040 would be 0.107,0.052 and 0.049,respectively.The results showed that the water resources could support the development of the social and economic in the region.
引文
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[15]袁伟,郭宗楼,吴军林,等.黑河流域水资源承载能力分析[J].生态学报,2006,26(7):2108-2114.YUAN W,GUO Z L,WU J L,et al.Analysis of water resources carrying capacity of Heihe river basin[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2006,26(7):2108-2114.(in Chinese)
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[2]卓尼县统计局.卓尼县统计年鉴[J].卓尼县:卓尼县统计局,2016.
[3]薄乖民,何录德.洮河国家级自然保护区科学报告[M].西安:西安地图出版社,2012
[4]洮河国家级自然保护区管理局,洮河国家级自然保护区总体规划[R].甘肃省:洮河国家级自然保护区管理局,2012.
[5]刘静玲,杨志峰.湖泊生态环境需水量计算方法研究[J].自然资源学报,2002,16(5):604-609.LIU J L,YANG Z F.A study on the calculation methods of the minimum eco-environmental water demand for lakes[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2002,16(5):604-609.(in Chinese)
[6]赵欣胜,崔保山,杨志峰.黄河流域典型湿地生态环境需水量研究[J].环境科学学报,2005,25(5):567-572.ZHAO X S,CUI B S,YANG Z F.Study on the eco-environmental water requirement for wet land in Yellow River basin[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2005,25(5):567-572.(in Chinese)
[7]黄强,李群,张泽中,等.计算黄河干流生态环境需水Tennant法的改进及应用[J].水动力学研究与进展A辑,2007,22(6):774-781.HUANG Q,LI Q,ZHANG Z Z,et al.Improvement Tennant method and application it to compute eco-environmental water requirement in Yellow River[J].Journal of Hydrodynamics,2007,22(6):774-781.(in Chinese)
[8]魏天锋,刘志辉.基于改进的Tennant法的博尔塔拉河生态需水量计算[J].干旱区研究,2016,33(3):643-648.WEI T F,LIU Z H.Calculation of ecological water demand of the Bortala River based on the improved Tennant method[J].Arid Zone Research,2016,33(3):643-648.(in Chinese)
[9]潘华盛,姚俊英,崔守斌,等.七星河国家自然保护区生态需水量计算分析[J].黑龙江大学工程学报,2015,6(3):46-49.PAN H S,YAO J Y,CUI S B,et al.Calculation and analysis of the ecological water demand in Qixinghe national nature reserve[J].Journal of Engineering of Heilongjiang University,2015,6(3):46-49.(in Chinese)
[10]张建兴,马孝义,赵文举,等.黄土高原地区重点流域生态环境需水量研究[J].西北林学院学报,2008,23(6):8-13.ZHANG J X,MA X Y,ZHAO W J,et al.Analysis on water consumption for eco-environmental system of key watersheds in Loess Plateau[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2008,23(6):8-13.(in Chinese)
[11]夏军,朱一中.水资源安全的度量:水资源承载力的研究与挑战[J].自然资源学报,2002,5(3):262-269.XIA J,ZHU Y Z.The measurement of water resources security:a study and challenge on water resources carrying capacity[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2002,5(3):262-269.(in Chinese)
[12]张永勇,夏军,王中根.区域水资源承载力理论与方法探讨[J].地理科学进展,2007,28(2):126-132.ZHANG Y Y,XIA J,WANG Z G.Research on regional water resour ces car rying capacity theory and method[J].Progress in Geography,2007,28(2):126-132.(in Chinese)
[13]田坤,张广军,翟平阳.黑龙江流域黑河江段的水资源承载能力评价研究[J].西北林学院学报,2006,21(1):18-21,46.TIAN K,ZHANG G J,ZHAI P Y.The studies on the appraisal of water resources carrying capacity along Heilong River valley in Heihe[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2006,21(1):18-21,46.(in Chinese)
[14]牛叔文,刘建兰,马莉,等.甘肃省沿黄地区水资源承载力分析[J].中国农村水利水电,2010,35(6):20-25.NIU S W,LIU J L,MA L,et al.Water resources carrying capacity along the Yellow River of Gansu Province[J].China Rural Water and Hydropower,2010,35(6):20-25.(in Chinese)
[15]袁伟,郭宗楼,吴军林,等.黑河流域水资源承载能力分析[J].生态学报,2006,26(7):2108-2114.YUAN W,GUO Z L,WU J L,et al.Analysis of water resources carrying capacity of Heihe river basin[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2006,26(7):2108-2114.(in Chinese)
[16]张兴榆,曹明明,雷敏.陕北地区水资源安全及需求预测分析[J].干旱区资源与环境,2007,20(11):17-21.ZHANG X Y,CAO M M,LEI M.Analysis on water security and prediction of water demand in northern Shaanxi Province[J].Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2007,20(11):17-21.(in Chinese)