禁牧政策对宁夏盐池县农业生态系统服务影响的能值分析
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摘要
农牧交错区农业可持续发展问题一直是我国区域农业研究的重要课题,以典型北方农牧交错区宁夏盐池县为例,利用农业生态系统能值分析框架,评估盐池县1991—2016年农业生态系统正反服务,揭示禁牧政策对农业可持续发展的影响。研究结果表明:(1) 1991—2016年盐池县农业投入能值和农业生态系统正反服务能值一直处于增长的趋势,禁牧政策实施以后增长速度高于禁牧之前,其中农业投入能值的增加主要是由于经济反馈能值投入的增加。(2)根据Pearson相关性分析,盐池县农业生态系统服务和反服务在0.01水平(双侧)呈显著的强正相关,农业生态系统服务和反服务具有相同的变化趋势。(3)生态环境的改善、经济反馈能值和农业灌溉面积的增加,可以增强北方农牧交错区农业抵御气候波动的能力。(4)盐池县农业可持续性高于全国和典型农区的平均水平,禁牧政策实施之前盐池县农业可持续性表现出稳定的下降趋势,而禁牧政策实施以后其可持续性表现为上升的趋势,禁牧政策的实施已初步实现农业生产的生态经济效益。
The sustainable development of agriculture in the agro-pastoral ecotone has always been an important topic of regional agricultural research in China. In this paper,Yanchi County in Ningxia was taken as a typical case area of the agropastoral transitional zone in north China; a ecosystem services and dis-services of the crop ecosystem in Yanchi County from1991 to 2016 were evaluated by using the framework of emergy analysis of an agricultural ecosystem,to try to reveal the effects of a grazing-prohibition policy on sustainable development of crops. The results showed that:( 1) From 1991 to2016,the emergy input,ecosystem services and dis-services of the cropping ecosystem in Yanchi County increased. After the implementation of the grazing-prohibition policy,the growth rate increased. The increase of emergy input in cropping was mainly due to the increase of purchased emergy input.( 2) According to the Pearson correlation analysis,there was a significant positive correlation between the ecosystem services and anti-services at the 0.01 level( bilateral),and changes inagricultural ecosystem services and dis-services had the same trend.( 3) The implementation of the grazing-prohibition policy promoted an improvement in the ecological environment,the increase in the purchased emergy input of the social economic system,and the increase in irrigated area,which can enhance the ability of the semi-arid northern agro-pastoral ecotone to withstand climate fluctuations.( 4) The sustainability of crops in Yanchi County was higher than the national average and that of typical agricultural areas, and its sustainability showed a steady downward trend before the implementation of the grazing-prohibition policy,whereas an upward trend was observed after the implementation of this policy. The implementation of the grazing-prohibition policy has led to preliminary ecological and economic benefits for agricultural production.
The sustainable development of agriculture in the agro-pastoral ecotone has always been an important topic of regional agricultural research in China. In this paper,Yanchi County in Ningxia was taken as a typical case area of the agropastoral transitional zone in north China; a ecosystem services and dis-services of the crop ecosystem in Yanchi County from1991 to 2016 were evaluated by using the framework of emergy analysis of an agricultural ecosystem,to try to reveal the effects of a grazing-prohibition policy on sustainable development of crops. The results showed that:( 1) From 1991 to2016,the emergy input,ecosystem services and dis-services of the cropping ecosystem in Yanchi County increased. After the implementation of the grazing-prohibition policy,the growth rate increased. The increase of emergy input in cropping was mainly due to the increase of purchased emergy input.( 2) According to the Pearson correlation analysis,there was a significant positive correlation between the ecosystem services and anti-services at the 0.01 level( bilateral),and changes inagricultural ecosystem services and dis-services had the same trend.( 3) The implementation of the grazing-prohibition policy promoted an improvement in the ecological environment,the increase in the purchased emergy input of the social economic system,and the increase in irrigated area,which can enhance the ability of the semi-arid northern agro-pastoral ecotone to withstand climate fluctuations.( 4) The sustainability of crops in Yanchi County was higher than the national average and that of typical agricultural areas, and its sustainability showed a steady downward trend before the implementation of the grazing-prohibition policy,whereas an upward trend was observed after the implementation of this policy. The implementation of the grazing-prohibition policy has led to preliminary ecological and economic benefits for agricultural production.
引文
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[15]王晓君,周立华,石敏俊.农牧交错带沙漠化逆转区禁牧政策下农村经济可持续发展研究---以宁夏盐池县为例.资源科学,2014,36(10):2166-2173.
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[21]马凤娇,刘金铜.基于能值分析的农田生态系统服务评估---以河北省栾城县为例.资源科学,2014,36(9):1949-1957.
[22]Ma F J,Eneji A E,Liu J T.Assessment of ecosystem services and dis-services of an agro-ecosystem based on extended emergy framework:A case study of Luancheng county,North China.Ecological Engineering,2015,82:241-251.
[23]王娅,周立华.宁夏盐池县沙漠化逆转过程的脆弱性诊断.中国沙漠,2018,38(1):39-47.
[24]樊胜岳,周立华,马永欢.宁夏盐池县生态保护政策对农户的影响.中国人口獉资源与环境,2005,15(3):124-128.
[25]Ulgiati S,Odum H T,Bastianoni S.Emergy use,environmental loading and sustainability an emergy analysis of Italy.Ecological Modelling,1994,73(3/4):215-268.
[26]汤萃文,杨莎莎,刘丽娟,张忠明,肖笃宁,田赐冬.基于能值理论的东祁连山森林生态系统服务功能价值评价.生态学杂志,2012,31(2):433-439.
[27]马程,王晓玥,张雅昕,李双成.北京市生态涵养区生态系统服务供给与流动的能值分析.地理学报,2017,72(6):974-985.
[28]蓝盛芳,钦佩,陆宏芳.生态经济系统能值分析.北京:化学工业出版社,2002.
[29]Millennium Ecosystem Assessment.Ecosystems and Human Well-being:Synthesis.Washington,DC:Island Press,2005.
[30]Chen W,Geng Y,Dong H J,Tian X,Zhong S Z,Wu Q,Xu Y,Zhang Q,Li S.An emergy accounting based regional sustainability evaluation:Acase of Qinghai in China.Ecological Indicators,2018,88:152-160.
[31]Wang X H,Shen J X,Zhang W.Emergy evaluation of agricultural sustainability of Northwest China before and after the grain-for-green policy.Energy Policy,2014,67:508-516.
[32]杨月欣,王光亚,潘兴昌,中国疾病预防控制中心营养与食品安全所.中国食物成分表(第二版).北京:北京大学医学出版社,2009.
[33]何文寿.宁夏不同农业生态区土壤养分时空变化特征.干旱地区农业研究,2004,22(2):25-30,53-53.
[34]吴金凤,王秀红,郭跃升.东西部县域农业化学物质投入产污强度对比分析---以山东平度市和宁夏盐池县为例.中国农学通报,2015,31(14):193-199.
[35]邓健,赵发珠,韩新辉,冯永忠,杨改河.黄土高原典型流域种植业发展模式的能值分析.应用生态学报,2016,27(5):1576-1584.
[36]Zhang X H,Zhang R,Wu J,Zhang Y Z,Lin L L,Deng S H,Li L,Yang G,Yu X Y,Qi H,Peng H.An emergy evaluation of the sustainability of Chinese crop production system during 2000-2010.Ecological Indicators,2016,60:622-633.
[37]王红彦.基于生命周期评价的秸秆沼气集中供气工程能值分析[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2016.
[38]Zhang L X,Yang Z F,Chen G Q.Emergy analysis of cropping-grazing system in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,China.Energy Policy,2007,35(7):3843-3855.
[39]刘满仓.盐池县草原沙漠化的现状、成因与对策.草业科学,2002,19(6):5-6.
[40]樊胜岳.中国荒漠化治理的生态经济模式与制度选择[D].兰州:兰州大学,2003.
[41]Chen G Q,Jiang M M,Chen B,Yang Z F,Lin C.Emergy analysis of Chinese agriculture.Agriculture,Ecosystems&Environment,2006,115(1/4):161-173.
[42]Ulgiati S,Brown M T.Monitoring patterns of sustainability in natural and man-made ecosystems.Ecological Modelling,1998,108(1/3):23-36.
[43]Bommarco R,Vico G,Hallin S.Exploiting ecosystem services in agriculture for increased food security.Global Food Security,2018,17:57-63.
[2]刘海,武靖,陈晓玲.丹江口水源区生态系统服务时空变化及权衡协同关系.生态学报,2018,38(13):4609-4624.
[3]张玲玲,巩杰,张影.基于文献计量分析的生态系统服务研究现状及热点.生态学报,2016,36(18):5967-5977.
[4]吴霜,延晓冬,张丽娟.中国森林生态系统能值与服务功能价值的关系.地理学报,2014,69(3):334-342.
[5]Shackleton C M,Ruwanza S,Sinasson Sanni G K,De Lacy B P,Modipa R,Mtati N,Sachikonye M,Thondhlana G.Unpacking pandora's box:understanding and categorising ecosystem disservices for environmental management and human wellbeing.Ecosystems,2016,19(4):587-600.
[6]王文瑞,田璐,唐琼,邓小永.生态恢复中生态系统反服务与居民生存的博弈---以甘肃“猪进人退”现象为例.地理研究,2018,37(4):772-782.
[7]Zhang W,Ricketts T H,Kremen C,Carney K,Swinton S M.Ecosystem services and dis-services to agriculture.Ecological Economics,2007,64(2):253-260.
[8]谢高地,肖玉.农田生态系统服务及其价值的研究进展.中国生态农业学报,2013,21(6):645-651.
[9]Chen Y J,Yu Z R,Li X D,Li P Y.How agricultural multiple ecosystem services respond to socioeconomic factors in Mengyin County,China.Science of the Total Environment,2018,630:1003-1015.
[10]中国大百科全书总编辑委员会《农业》编辑委员会,中国大百科全书出版社编辑部.中国大百科全书:农业I、II卷.北京:中国大百科全书出版社,1990.
[11]赵哈林,赵学勇,张铜会,周瑞莲.北方农牧交错带的地理界定及其生态问题.地球科学进展,2002,17(5):739-747.
[12]樊胜岳,周立华,赵成章.中国荒漠化治理的生态经济模式与制度选择.北京:科学出版社,2005.
[13]王涛,宋翔,颜长珍,李森,谢家丽.近35a来中国北方土地沙漠化趋势的遥感分析.中国沙漠,2011,31(6):1351-1356.
[14]周立华,朱艳玲,黄玉邦.禁牧政策对北方农牧交错区草地沙漠化逆转过程影响的定量评价.中国沙漠,2012,32(2):308-313.
[15]王晓君,周立华,石敏俊.农牧交错带沙漠化逆转区禁牧政策下农村经济可持续发展研究---以宁夏盐池县为例.资源科学,2014,36(10):2166-2173.
[16]徐中民,张志强,程国栋.生态经济学理论方法与应用.郑州:黄河水利出版社,2003.
[17]Sun C Z,Wang Y Y,Zou W.The marine ecosystem services values for China based on the emergy analysis method.Ocean&Coastal Management,2018,161:66-73.
[18]Zhan J Y,Zhang F,Chu X,Liu W,Zhang Y.Ecosystem services assessment based on emergy accounting in Chongming Island,Eastern China.Ecological Indicators.Amsterdam:Elsevier,2018.
[19]Huang S L,Chen Y H,Kuo F Y,Wang S H.Emergy-based evaluation of peri-urban ecosystem services.Ecological Complexity,2011,8(1):38-50.
[20]喻锋,李晓波,王宏,张丽君,徐卫华,符蓉.基于能值分析和生态用地分类的中国生态系统生产总值核算研究.生态学报,2016,36(6):1663-1675.
[21]马凤娇,刘金铜.基于能值分析的农田生态系统服务评估---以河北省栾城县为例.资源科学,2014,36(9):1949-1957.
[22]Ma F J,Eneji A E,Liu J T.Assessment of ecosystem services and dis-services of an agro-ecosystem based on extended emergy framework:A case study of Luancheng county,North China.Ecological Engineering,2015,82:241-251.
[23]王娅,周立华.宁夏盐池县沙漠化逆转过程的脆弱性诊断.中国沙漠,2018,38(1):39-47.
[24]樊胜岳,周立华,马永欢.宁夏盐池县生态保护政策对农户的影响.中国人口獉资源与环境,2005,15(3):124-128.
[25]Ulgiati S,Odum H T,Bastianoni S.Emergy use,environmental loading and sustainability an emergy analysis of Italy.Ecological Modelling,1994,73(3/4):215-268.
[26]汤萃文,杨莎莎,刘丽娟,张忠明,肖笃宁,田赐冬.基于能值理论的东祁连山森林生态系统服务功能价值评价.生态学杂志,2012,31(2):433-439.
[27]马程,王晓玥,张雅昕,李双成.北京市生态涵养区生态系统服务供给与流动的能值分析.地理学报,2017,72(6):974-985.
[28]蓝盛芳,钦佩,陆宏芳.生态经济系统能值分析.北京:化学工业出版社,2002.
[29]Millennium Ecosystem Assessment.Ecosystems and Human Well-being:Synthesis.Washington,DC:Island Press,2005.
[30]Chen W,Geng Y,Dong H J,Tian X,Zhong S Z,Wu Q,Xu Y,Zhang Q,Li S.An emergy accounting based regional sustainability evaluation:Acase of Qinghai in China.Ecological Indicators,2018,88:152-160.
[31]Wang X H,Shen J X,Zhang W.Emergy evaluation of agricultural sustainability of Northwest China before and after the grain-for-green policy.Energy Policy,2014,67:508-516.
[32]杨月欣,王光亚,潘兴昌,中国疾病预防控制中心营养与食品安全所.中国食物成分表(第二版).北京:北京大学医学出版社,2009.
[33]何文寿.宁夏不同农业生态区土壤养分时空变化特征.干旱地区农业研究,2004,22(2):25-30,53-53.
[34]吴金凤,王秀红,郭跃升.东西部县域农业化学物质投入产污强度对比分析---以山东平度市和宁夏盐池县为例.中国农学通报,2015,31(14):193-199.
[35]邓健,赵发珠,韩新辉,冯永忠,杨改河.黄土高原典型流域种植业发展模式的能值分析.应用生态学报,2016,27(5):1576-1584.
[36]Zhang X H,Zhang R,Wu J,Zhang Y Z,Lin L L,Deng S H,Li L,Yang G,Yu X Y,Qi H,Peng H.An emergy evaluation of the sustainability of Chinese crop production system during 2000-2010.Ecological Indicators,2016,60:622-633.
[37]王红彦.基于生命周期评价的秸秆沼气集中供气工程能值分析[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2016.
[38]Zhang L X,Yang Z F,Chen G Q.Emergy analysis of cropping-grazing system in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,China.Energy Policy,2007,35(7):3843-3855.
[39]刘满仓.盐池县草原沙漠化的现状、成因与对策.草业科学,2002,19(6):5-6.
[40]樊胜岳.中国荒漠化治理的生态经济模式与制度选择[D].兰州:兰州大学,2003.
[41]Chen G Q,Jiang M M,Chen B,Yang Z F,Lin C.Emergy analysis of Chinese agriculture.Agriculture,Ecosystems&Environment,2006,115(1/4):161-173.
[42]Ulgiati S,Brown M T.Monitoring patterns of sustainability in natural and man-made ecosystems.Ecological Modelling,1998,108(1/3):23-36.
[43]Bommarco R,Vico G,Hallin S.Exploiting ecosystem services in agriculture for increased food security.Global Food Security,2018,17:57-63.