土壤碳赋存形态及分析方法研究进展
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摘要
研究土壤碳的赋存形态不仅利于了解碳的迁移转化规律,而且可以为土壤固碳提供科学依据。目前对各形态碳(尤其是有机碳中的慢性及惰性组分)缺乏系统的分析研究。基于此,本文综述了土壤中碳的主要赋存形态,各形态碳的组成、分布及作用,土壤碳的分析、分离方法。土壤无机碳储量约占全球总碳库的38%,赋存形态以碳酸盐为主。土壤有机碳主要分为活性碳库(周转期0.1～4.5年)、慢性碳库(周转期5～50年)和惰性碳库(周转期50～3000年)。其中可溶性有机碳、易氧化有机碳和微生物量碳属于活性有机碳库这一范畴,可以较为灵敏地反映土壤理化性质的微小变化;轻组有机碳和颗粒有机碳属于慢性有机碳库,可作为土壤有机质周转变化的重要指标;重组有机碳和矿物结合态有机碳属于惰性有机碳库,是土壤有机碳固持的重要机制之一。目前土壤中碳酸盐测定方法主要为气量法和滴定法;有机碳分析方法包括容量法、比色法和重量法。本文提出,今后应加强对无机碳及有机碳中的惰性组分研究,同时对土壤有机碳各组分概念及测定方法进行统一,并开展不同地域、不同土壤类型、不同浓度的土壤碳形态标准物质研制工作。
BACKGROUND: Research on fractions of soil carbon can not only be helpful to realize the migration and transformation of carbon, but also provide the scientific basis for reducing global carbon emissions. There is lack of systematic research on organic carbon fractions, especially the chronic and inert fractions. OBJECTIVES: To lay the foundation for future research through the summary of previous research on composition, distribution and roles of different carbon fractions.METHODS: It proposes development directions for future works through a summary of previous research.RESULTS: The main occurrence form of inorganic carbon was carbonate. The soil organic carbon pool covered the activated carbon pool(turnover time: 0.1-4.5 year), chronic carbon pool(turnover time: 5-50 year) and inert carbon pool(turnover time: 50-3000 year). Previous studies showed that the activated carbon pool, which contained dissolved organic carbon, labile organic carbon and microbial biomass carbon, could reflect the small change of physical and chemical properties of soil sensitivity. Chronic carbon, as the important indicator of the conversion of organic matters in soil, contained light fraction organic carbon and particulate organic carbon. Heavy fraction organic carbon and mineral-associated organic carbon belonged to the inert carbon pool, which was one of the important mechanisms of organic carbon sequestration in soil. Carbonate in soil was always analyzed by gasometric method or titrimetry, while the organic carbon tended to be measured by the volumetric method, colorimetric method or gravimetric method. CONCLUSIONS: Study on soil inorganic carbon and inert organic carbon should be strengthened. As far as the analysis methods, ‘ramped combustion method' should be researched further. The in-situ measurement method of soil carbon(including organic carbon and inorganic carbon) also needs to be developed. Reference materials of soil carbon fractions with different soil type and different concentration are also necessary.
BACKGROUND: Research on fractions of soil carbon can not only be helpful to realize the migration and transformation of carbon, but also provide the scientific basis for reducing global carbon emissions. There is lack of systematic research on organic carbon fractions, especially the chronic and inert fractions. OBJECTIVES: To lay the foundation for future research through the summary of previous research on composition, distribution and roles of different carbon fractions.METHODS: It proposes development directions for future works through a summary of previous research.RESULTS: The main occurrence form of inorganic carbon was carbonate. The soil organic carbon pool covered the activated carbon pool(turnover time: 0.1-4.5 year), chronic carbon pool(turnover time: 5-50 year) and inert carbon pool(turnover time: 50-3000 year). Previous studies showed that the activated carbon pool, which contained dissolved organic carbon, labile organic carbon and microbial biomass carbon, could reflect the small change of physical and chemical properties of soil sensitivity. Chronic carbon, as the important indicator of the conversion of organic matters in soil, contained light fraction organic carbon and particulate organic carbon. Heavy fraction organic carbon and mineral-associated organic carbon belonged to the inert carbon pool, which was one of the important mechanisms of organic carbon sequestration in soil. Carbonate in soil was always analyzed by gasometric method or titrimetry, while the organic carbon tended to be measured by the volumetric method, colorimetric method or gravimetric method. CONCLUSIONS: Study on soil inorganic carbon and inert organic carbon should be strengthened. As far as the analysis methods, ‘ramped combustion method' should be researched further. The in-situ measurement method of soil carbon(including organic carbon and inorganic carbon) also needs to be developed. Reference materials of soil carbon fractions with different soil type and different concentration are also necessary.
引文
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