酸性尾矿废弃地生态修复技术进展
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摘要
酸性尾矿废弃地废石含有硫化物,在雨水的淋溶作用下会产出硫酸,加剧废弃地的酸化,增加企业环保成本,而生态修复工作就是从源头上控制废弃地的酸化。根据尾矿废弃地酸化机理,结合国内外最新研究进展,分析了生态修复技术现状;概述了隔离覆盖、改良剂改良、植物修复、微生物法等多种处理方法在实践中的适应性及优缺点,并分别介绍了隔离覆盖-植物修复技术、原位改良-植物修复技术在Reden煤矿、永平铜矿的成功应用案例。针对酸性尾矿废弃地的特点,单一处理方法具有较大的局限性,需要采用联合工艺进行治理,隔离覆盖-植物修复技术、原位改良-植物修复技术因见效快、效果好、操作简单,势必成为将来研究的主要方向。
Sulfide is contained in the waste rock in abandoned acid tailing land,sulfuric acid is produced under the leaching of rainwater,acidification of the abandoned land is intensified,the enterprise environmental protection cost is improved.The acidification can be controlled fundamentally by ecological restoration work.According to the acidification mechanism of abandoned tailing land,combined with the latest study progress at home and abroad,the study status of ecological restoration is analyzed,the adaptability and advantages and disadvantages of the methods such as isolate coverage,improver modification,phytoremediation and microbial technique are discussed.Besides that,the application examples of the isolation coverage and phytoremediation technique and in-situ improvement and phytoremediation technique in Reden Coal Mine and Yongping Copper Mine are discussed.According to the characteristics of the abandoned acid tailing land,it is show that the shortcomings of the single methods is obvious,it is necessary to take integrated method to deal with the abandoned acid tailing land,isolation coverage and phytoremediation technique and in-situ improvement and phytoremediation technique can taken as the main study directions due to characteristics of less time consuming,good effects and simple operation.
Sulfide is contained in the waste rock in abandoned acid tailing land,sulfuric acid is produced under the leaching of rainwater,acidification of the abandoned land is intensified,the enterprise environmental protection cost is improved.The acidification can be controlled fundamentally by ecological restoration work.According to the acidification mechanism of abandoned tailing land,combined with the latest study progress at home and abroad,the study status of ecological restoration is analyzed,the adaptability and advantages and disadvantages of the methods such as isolate coverage,improver modification,phytoremediation and microbial technique are discussed.Besides that,the application examples of the isolation coverage and phytoremediation technique and in-situ improvement and phytoremediation technique in Reden Coal Mine and Yongping Copper Mine are discussed.According to the characteristics of the abandoned acid tailing land,it is show that the shortcomings of the single methods is obvious,it is necessary to take integrated method to deal with the abandoned acid tailing land,isolation coverage and phytoremediation technique and in-situ improvement and phytoremediation technique can taken as the main study directions due to characteristics of less time consuming,good effects and simple operation.
引文
[1] LI YANG,SUN QINGYE,ZHAN JING,et al.Vegetation Successfully Prevents Oxidation of Sulfide Minerals in Mine Tailings[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2016(177):153-160.
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[6] 杨盛香,李朝阳,郗玉松.矿业废弃物酸化及治理技术研究进展[J].地球与环境,2011(3):423-428.
[7] ALVARENGA P,GONCALVES A P,FERNANDES R M,et al.Evaluation of Composts and Liming Materials in The Phytostabilization of A Mine Soil Using Perennial Ryegrass[J].Science of the Total Environment,2008(406):43-56.
[8] GILLOAIZA J,SCOTT A W,ROBERT A R,et al.Phytostabilization of Mine Tailings Using Compost Assisted Direct:Translating Greenhouse Results to The Field[J].Science of the Total Environment,2016(565):451-461.
[9] CHEN FULONG,WANG SHUZHI,MOU SHUYONG,et al.Physiological Responses and Accumulation of Heavy Metals and Arsenic of Medicago Sativa.Growing on Acidic Copper Mine Tailings in Arid Lands[J].Journal of Geochemical Exploration,2015,157:27-35.
[10] PATRICK S M,ROB F,ROB R.The Role of Organic Matter in Ameliorating Acid Sulfate Soils With Sulfuric Horizons[J].Geoderma,2015(255-256):42-49.
[2] PETER N,RAYMOND H J,CLARA N,et al.Alternative Waste Residue Materials for Passive in Situ Prevention of Sulfide-mine Tailings Oxidation:A Field Evaluation[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2014(267):245-254.
[3] 王美仙,贺然,董丽,等.美国矿山废弃地生态修复案例研究[J].建筑与文化,2015(12):99-101.
[4] ZORNOZA R,FAZ A,CARMONA D M,et al.Plant Cover and Soil Biochemical Properties in a Mine Tailing Pond Five Years After Application of Marble Wastes and Organic Amendments[J].Pedosphere,2012(2):22-32.
[5] IBRAHIM M,ZHANG GUOSHI,LI ZHIGUO,etal.Ecological Restoration of An Acidic Cd Contaminated Soil Using Bamboo Biochar Application[J].Ecological Engineering,2015(84):67-76.
[6] 杨盛香,李朝阳,郗玉松.矿业废弃物酸化及治理技术研究进展[J].地球与环境,2011(3):423-428.
[7] ALVARENGA P,GONCALVES A P,FERNANDES R M,et al.Evaluation of Composts and Liming Materials in The Phytostabilization of A Mine Soil Using Perennial Ryegrass[J].Science of the Total Environment,2008(406):43-56.
[8] GILLOAIZA J,SCOTT A W,ROBERT A R,et al.Phytostabilization of Mine Tailings Using Compost Assisted Direct:Translating Greenhouse Results to The Field[J].Science of the Total Environment,2016(565):451-461.
[9] CHEN FULONG,WANG SHUZHI,MOU SHUYONG,et al.Physiological Responses and Accumulation of Heavy Metals and Arsenic of Medicago Sativa.Growing on Acidic Copper Mine Tailings in Arid Lands[J].Journal of Geochemical Exploration,2015,157:27-35.
[10] PATRICK S M,ROB F,ROB R.The Role of Organic Matter in Ameliorating Acid Sulfate Soils With Sulfuric Horizons[J].Geoderma,2015(255-256):42-49.