有机肥氮替代部分化肥氮对棉花养分吸收、氮素利用和产量的影响
|
摘要
为探讨有机肥氮替代化肥氮在新疆棉花生产中的增产增效作用,在滴灌条件下,采用连续2年定位试验,研究了不施氮(CK)、牛粪堆肥(OM)、农民常规施肥(CF)和不同有机肥氮替代10%(OF1)、20%(OF2)和30%(OF3)的化肥氮时,对棉花氮磷钾养分吸收、氮素利用率及产量的影响。与单施化肥相比,有机肥氮替代部分化肥氮均有利于棉花氮磷钾养分吸收,可提高棉花氮素表观利用率、偏生产力、肥料氮贡献率和农学效率。在有机肥氮替代10%化肥氮的情况下,氮素利用率最高并能提高氮素表观利用率10.5个百分点,棉花产量增加6.8%(P<0.05),而且棉花经济效益与单施化肥相当。有机肥氮替代20%的化肥氮时,棉花产量增加7.9%(P<0.05)。有机肥氮替代30%化肥氮,获得与单施化肥相当的产量,氮素表观利用率仅提高3.4个百分点。综合养分吸收、氮素利用效率、产量及经济效益等方面考虑,有机肥氮替代10%化肥氮是该地区中等肥力棉田增产稳产、氮肥增效的合理施肥方式。
The goal of this study was to investigate the increasing feasibility and efficiency of Xinjiang cotton production by organic manure N replacing the chemical fertilizer N. Two years site-specific drip irrigation experiment was conducted to study the effects of CK(non-N fertilizer),OM(organic fertilizer),CF(chemical fertilizer)and different organic manure N replacing 10%(OF1),20%(OF2)and 30%(OF3)chemical fertilizer N on cotton nutrient uptake,N utilization efficiency and yield. Replacing chemical N by organic manure N not only increased the nutrient uptake of the crop N,P and K but increased the fertilizer N recovery efficiency,partial productivity,fertilizer contribution and agronomy efficiency as well.Replacing 10% chemical N by organic manure N had the highest N utilization and the fertilizer N recovery efficiency increased by 10.5 point,increased cotton yield by 6.8%(P<0.05)and gained the same economic benefits with chemical fertilizers.Replacing 20% chemical N with organic manure N increased cotton yield by 7.9%(P<0.05). Replacing 30% chemical N by organic manure had the same cotton yield fertilizer effect with that of CF and increased the N recovery efficiency only by 3.4 point. Integrated nutrient uptake,nitrogen utilization efficiency,yield and economic benefit into consideration,replacing 10% chemical N with organic manure is a rational fertilization pattern to increase cotton yield,gain stable cotton yield stability and improve N efficiency in the experimental areas.
The goal of this study was to investigate the increasing feasibility and efficiency of Xinjiang cotton production by organic manure N replacing the chemical fertilizer N. Two years site-specific drip irrigation experiment was conducted to study the effects of CK(non-N fertilizer),OM(organic fertilizer),CF(chemical fertilizer)and different organic manure N replacing 10%(OF1),20%(OF2)and 30%(OF3)chemical fertilizer N on cotton nutrient uptake,N utilization efficiency and yield. Replacing chemical N by organic manure N not only increased the nutrient uptake of the crop N,P and K but increased the fertilizer N recovery efficiency,partial productivity,fertilizer contribution and agronomy efficiency as well.Replacing 10% chemical N by organic manure N had the highest N utilization and the fertilizer N recovery efficiency increased by 10.5 point,increased cotton yield by 6.8%(P<0.05)and gained the same economic benefits with chemical fertilizers.Replacing 20% chemical N with organic manure N increased cotton yield by 7.9%(P<0.05). Replacing 30% chemical N by organic manure had the same cotton yield fertilizer effect with that of CF and increased the N recovery efficiency only by 3.4 point. Integrated nutrient uptake,nitrogen utilization efficiency,yield and economic benefit into consideration,replacing 10% chemical N with organic manure is a rational fertilization pattern to increase cotton yield,gain stable cotton yield stability and improve N efficiency in the experimental areas.
引文
[1]赖波,董巨河,单娜娜,等.新疆有机肥资源的区域差异及分布特征[J].新疆农业科学,2012,(4):625-630.
[2]仇焕广,廖绍攀,井月,等.我国畜禽粪便污染的区域差异与发展趋势分析[J].环境科学,2013,(7):2766-2774.
[3]张绪成,于显枫,王红丽,等.半干旱区减氮增钾、有机肥替代对全膜覆盖垄沟种植马铃薯水肥利用和生物量积累的调控[J].中国农业科学,2016,(5):852-864.
[4]张晶,张定一,王丽,等.不同有机肥和氮磷组合对旱地小麦的增产机理研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2017,(1):238-243.
[5]张昊青,于昕阳,翟丙年,等.渭北旱地麦田配施有机肥减量施氮的作用效果[J].农业环境科学学报,2017,(1):124-133.
[6]邢鹏飞,高圣超,马鸣超,等.有机肥替代部分无机肥对华北农田土壤理化特性、酶活性及作物产量的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2016,(3):98-104.
[7]谢军,赵亚南,陈轩敬,等.有机肥氮替代化肥氮提高玉米产量和氮素吸收利用效率[J].中国农业科学,2016,49(20):3934-3943.
[8]邹娟,鲁剑巍,陈防,等.冬油菜施氮的增产和养分吸收效应及氮肥利用率研究[J].中国农业科学,2011,44(4):745-752.
[9]罗佳,陈波浪,向光荣,等.有机肥对盐渍化耕地棉花干物质积累、养分吸收及产量的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2017,(2):107-113.
[10]陶瑞,唐诚,李锐,等.有机肥部分替代化肥对滴灌棉田氮素转化及不同形态氮含量的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2015,(1):50-56.
[11]要文倩,秦江涛,张继光,等.江西进贤水田长期施肥模式对水稻养分吸收利用的影响[J].土壤,2010,42(3):467-472.
[12]孙宁科,索东让.有机肥与化肥长期配施对作物产量和灌漠土养分库的影响[J].水土保持通报,2011,31(4):42-45.
[13]李先,刘强,荣湘民,等.有机肥对水稻产量及产量构成因素的影响[J].湖南农业科学,2010,(5):64-66.
[14]Wang X L,Ren Y Y,Zhang S Q,et al.Applications of organic manure increased maize(Zea mays L.)yield and water productivity in a semi-arid region[J].Agricultural Water Management,2017,187:88-98.
[15]Xu M G,Li D C,Li J M,et al.Effects of organic manure application with chemical fertilizers on nutrient absorption and yield of rice in Hunan of southern China[J].Agricultural Sciences in China,2008,7(10):1245-1252.
[16]郁洁,蒋益,徐春淼,等.不同有机物及其堆肥与化肥配施对小麦生长及氮素吸收的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2012,18(6):1293-1302.
[17]孟琳,张小莉,蒋小芳,等.有机肥料氮替代部分化肥氮对稻谷产量的影响及替代率[J].中国农业科学,2009,42(2):532-542.
[18]欧杨虹.有机肥氮部分替代化肥氮对稻麦产量及土壤供氮特性的影响[D].南京:南京农业大学,2008.
[19]朱宝国,于忠和,王囡囡,等.有机肥和化肥不同比例配施对大豆产量和品质的影响[J].大豆科学,2010,19:97-100.
[20]刘益仁,李想,郁洁,等.有机无机肥配施提高麦稻轮作系统中水稻氮肥利用率机制[J].应用生态学报,2012,23(1):81-86.
[21]李冬初,李菊梅,徐明岗,等.有机无机肥配施对红壤稻田氮素形态及水稻产量的影响[J].湖南农业科学,2004,(3):23-25,31.
[22]李菊梅,徐明岗,秦道珠,等.有机肥无机肥配施对稻田氨挥发和水稻产量的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2005,11(1):51-56.
[2]仇焕广,廖绍攀,井月,等.我国畜禽粪便污染的区域差异与发展趋势分析[J].环境科学,2013,(7):2766-2774.
[3]张绪成,于显枫,王红丽,等.半干旱区减氮增钾、有机肥替代对全膜覆盖垄沟种植马铃薯水肥利用和生物量积累的调控[J].中国农业科学,2016,(5):852-864.
[4]张晶,张定一,王丽,等.不同有机肥和氮磷组合对旱地小麦的增产机理研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2017,(1):238-243.
[5]张昊青,于昕阳,翟丙年,等.渭北旱地麦田配施有机肥减量施氮的作用效果[J].农业环境科学学报,2017,(1):124-133.
[6]邢鹏飞,高圣超,马鸣超,等.有机肥替代部分无机肥对华北农田土壤理化特性、酶活性及作物产量的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2016,(3):98-104.
[7]谢军,赵亚南,陈轩敬,等.有机肥氮替代化肥氮提高玉米产量和氮素吸收利用效率[J].中国农业科学,2016,49(20):3934-3943.
[8]邹娟,鲁剑巍,陈防,等.冬油菜施氮的增产和养分吸收效应及氮肥利用率研究[J].中国农业科学,2011,44(4):745-752.
[9]罗佳,陈波浪,向光荣,等.有机肥对盐渍化耕地棉花干物质积累、养分吸收及产量的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2017,(2):107-113.
[10]陶瑞,唐诚,李锐,等.有机肥部分替代化肥对滴灌棉田氮素转化及不同形态氮含量的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2015,(1):50-56.
[11]要文倩,秦江涛,张继光,等.江西进贤水田长期施肥模式对水稻养分吸收利用的影响[J].土壤,2010,42(3):467-472.
[12]孙宁科,索东让.有机肥与化肥长期配施对作物产量和灌漠土养分库的影响[J].水土保持通报,2011,31(4):42-45.
[13]李先,刘强,荣湘民,等.有机肥对水稻产量及产量构成因素的影响[J].湖南农业科学,2010,(5):64-66.
[14]Wang X L,Ren Y Y,Zhang S Q,et al.Applications of organic manure increased maize(Zea mays L.)yield and water productivity in a semi-arid region[J].Agricultural Water Management,2017,187:88-98.
[15]Xu M G,Li D C,Li J M,et al.Effects of organic manure application with chemical fertilizers on nutrient absorption and yield of rice in Hunan of southern China[J].Agricultural Sciences in China,2008,7(10):1245-1252.
[16]郁洁,蒋益,徐春淼,等.不同有机物及其堆肥与化肥配施对小麦生长及氮素吸收的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2012,18(6):1293-1302.
[17]孟琳,张小莉,蒋小芳,等.有机肥料氮替代部分化肥氮对稻谷产量的影响及替代率[J].中国农业科学,2009,42(2):532-542.
[18]欧杨虹.有机肥氮部分替代化肥氮对稻麦产量及土壤供氮特性的影响[D].南京:南京农业大学,2008.
[19]朱宝国,于忠和,王囡囡,等.有机肥和化肥不同比例配施对大豆产量和品质的影响[J].大豆科学,2010,19:97-100.
[20]刘益仁,李想,郁洁,等.有机无机肥配施提高麦稻轮作系统中水稻氮肥利用率机制[J].应用生态学报,2012,23(1):81-86.
[21]李冬初,李菊梅,徐明岗,等.有机无机肥配施对红壤稻田氮素形态及水稻产量的影响[J].湖南农业科学,2004,(3):23-25,31.
[22]李菊梅,徐明岗,秦道珠,等.有机肥无机肥配施对稻田氨挥发和水稻产量的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2005,11(1):51-56.