施肥对降香黄檀营养生长和生殖生长的影响
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摘要
研究施肥对降香黄檀(Dalbergia odorifera T.Chen.)营养生长和生殖生长的影响,为不同经营目标的降香黄檀人工林培育提供技术支撑。本研究以8年生降香黄檀为对象,设置N(185.6 g N/株)、P(120 g P_2O_5/株)、K(120 g K_2O/株)、PK(120 g P_2O_5+120 g K_2O/株)、NPK(185.6 g N+120 g P_2O_5+120 g K_2O/株)以及不施肥(对照)等六个处理,调查施肥后盛花期内一年生新梢、叶、花的生长情况。结果表明:6个施肥处理间降香黄檀营养生长和生殖生长均差异显著(P<0.05)。N处理的营养枝率、营养枝复叶数和小叶宽分别比对照提高40.25%、21.75%和9.52%,花序直径和花序生物量则降低12.75%和48.63%,显示N肥能促进降香黄檀营养生长,抑制生殖生长,有利于大径材培育;P、PK处理的营养枝率较对照显著降低47.96%和46.84%,表明P肥和K肥能促进生殖生长,有利于良种选育;NPK处理能同时显著促进营养生长和生殖生长,其营养枝率、营养枝长度、营养枝复叶数、营养枝小叶长、宽和枝生物量比对照提高26.04%、68.16%、32.98%、15.20%、11.40%和83.60%,花序数量和花序生物量亦提高54.20%和49.84%。因此,在降香黄檀人工林培育实践中,可通过调整肥料的NPK配比(偏向N或PK)以实现营养生长或生殖生长调控之目的。
The experiment was conducted to study the fertilization on vegetative and reproductive growth of Dalbergia odorifera,and then provide useful suggestions for plantation management. The effects of Nitrogen( N,185. 6 g N per tree),Phosphorus( P,120 g P_2O_5 per tree),Potassium( K,120 g K_2O per tree) as well as their mixtures( PK,120 g P_2O_5 mixed with 120 g K_2O per tree; NPK,185. 6 g N mixed with 120 g P_2O_5 and120 g K_2O per tree) on leaf growth,branch development,inflorescences set and biomass accumulation of a 8-year-old D. odorifera plantation were studied. There were significant differences on vegetative and reproductive growth of D. odorifera among these treatments( P < 0. 05). Nitrogen( N) treatment was helpful for vegetativegrowth of D. odorifera,and suitable for large-timber forest cultivation,because the ratio of vegetative branch,leaf number and leaflet width of vegetative branches were increased by 40. 25%,21. 75% and 9. 52%,and the inflorescence diameter and biomass were decreased by 12. 75% and 48. 63%,respectively. While P and P mixed with K were more appropriated for breeding purpose,because the ratio of vegetative branch was decreased by 47. 96% and 46. 84%,respectively. When N,P and K were mixed together( NPK),the vegetative and reproductive growth were both enhanced significantly( P < 0. 05),because the ratio of vegetative branch,length of vegetative branch,leaf number,leaflet length,leaflet width,branch biomass,inflorescence number and inflorescence biomass were increased by 26. 04%,68. 16%,32. 98%,15. 20%,11. 40%,83. 60%,54. 20% and 49. 84%,respectively. Thus,the vegetative and reproductive growth of D. odorifera can be regulated though formula fertilization( biased to N or P and K).
The experiment was conducted to study the fertilization on vegetative and reproductive growth of Dalbergia odorifera,and then provide useful suggestions for plantation management. The effects of Nitrogen( N,185. 6 g N per tree),Phosphorus( P,120 g P_2O_5 per tree),Potassium( K,120 g K_2O per tree) as well as their mixtures( PK,120 g P_2O_5 mixed with 120 g K_2O per tree; NPK,185. 6 g N mixed with 120 g P_2O_5 and120 g K_2O per tree) on leaf growth,branch development,inflorescences set and biomass accumulation of a 8-year-old D. odorifera plantation were studied. There were significant differences on vegetative and reproductive growth of D. odorifera among these treatments( P < 0. 05). Nitrogen( N) treatment was helpful for vegetativegrowth of D. odorifera,and suitable for large-timber forest cultivation,because the ratio of vegetative branch,leaf number and leaflet width of vegetative branches were increased by 40. 25%,21. 75% and 9. 52%,and the inflorescence diameter and biomass were decreased by 12. 75% and 48. 63%,respectively. While P and P mixed with K were more appropriated for breeding purpose,because the ratio of vegetative branch was decreased by 47. 96% and 46. 84%,respectively. When N,P and K were mixed together( NPK),the vegetative and reproductive growth were both enhanced significantly( P < 0. 05),because the ratio of vegetative branch,length of vegetative branch,leaf number,leaflet length,leaflet width,branch biomass,inflorescence number and inflorescence biomass were increased by 26. 04%,68. 16%,32. 98%,15. 20%,11. 40%,83. 60%,54. 20% and 49. 84%,respectively. Thus,the vegetative and reproductive growth of D. odorifera can be regulated though formula fertilization( biased to N or P and K).
引文
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3.葛艺早,刘文飞,吴建平,等.不同施肥处理对杉木种子园种子品质的影响[J].森林与环境学报,2016,36(4):442-448.Ge Y Z,Liu W F,Wu J P,et al.Effects of different fertilization treatments on quality of the seeds in a third generation seed orchard of Cunninghamia lanceolata[J].Journal of Forest and Environment,2016,36(4):442-448.
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5.张建国,盛炜彤,罗红艳,等.N、P、NP营养对杉木苗木生长和光合产物分配的影响[J].林业科学,2003,39(2):21-27.Zhang J G,Sheng W T,Luo H Y,et al.Effects of N,P and NP nutrition on growth and allocation of photosynthetic products of Chinese fir seedlings[J].Scientia Silvae Sinicae,2003,39(2):21-27.
6.刘福妹,李天芳,姜静,等.白桦最佳施肥配方的筛选及其各元素的作用分析[J].北京林业大学学报,2012,34(2):57-60.Liu F M,Li T F,Jiang J,et al.Selection of the optimum fertilizer formula and the effects of nutrient elements on growth and flowering performance of Betula platyphylla[J].Journal of Beijing Forestry University,2012,34(2):57-60.
7.胡磊,李吉跃,尚富华,等.不同施肥处理对毛白杨人工林生长及营养状况的影响[J].中国农学通报,2010,26(9):115-121.Hu L,Li J Y,Shang F H,et al.Effects of different fertilization treatments on growth and nutritional status of Populus tomentosa plantation[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2010,26(9):115-121.
8.潘晓杰,侯红波,廖芳,等.配方施肥对油茶中幼林营养生长的影响[J].中南林学院学报,2003,23(2):82-84.Pan X J,Hou H B,Liao F,et al.Effect of formulate fertilization on the vegetative growth of young oil-tree forest[J].Journal of Central South Forestry University,2003,23(2):82-84.
9.刘朔,余波,何朝均,等.不同施肥处理对膏桐幼林结实的影响[J].西南林学院学报,2009,29(3):11-14.Liu S,Yu B,He C J,et al.Fertilization effect on fruiting of young Jatropha curcas plantations[J].Journal of Southwest Forestry University,2009,29(3):11-14.
10.王希刚,詹亚光,张桂琴,等.施肥对水曲柳生长及开花结实的影响[J].植物研究,2017,37(2):298-303.Wang X G,Zhan Y G,Zhang G Q,et al.Influences of fertilization on growth and fruiting of Fraxinus mandschurica[J].Bulletin of Botanical Research,2017,37(2):298-303.
11.徐大平,丘佐旺.南方主要珍贵树种栽培技术[M].广州:广东科技出版社,2013:106-120.Xu D P,Qiu Z W.Cultivation techniques of valuable tree species in South China[M].Guangzhou:Guangdong Science&Technology Press,2013:106-120.
12.Yu X L,Wang W,Yang M.Antioxidant activities of compounds isolated from Dalbergia odorifera T.Chen and their inhibition effects on the decrease of glutathione level of rat lens induced by UV irradiation[J].Food Chemistry,2007,104(2):715-720.
13.Choi C W,Choi Y H,Cha M R,et al.Antitumor components isolated from the heartwood extract of Dalbergia odorifera[J].Journal of the Korean Society for Applied Biological Chemistry,2009,52(4):375-379.
14.Wang W,Weng X C,Cheng D L.Antioxidant activities of natural phenolic components from Dalbergia odorifera T.Chen[J].Food Chemistry,2000,71(1):45-49.
15.国家药典委员会.中华人民共和国药典:2000年版一部[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2000.Chinese Pharmacopoeia Commission.People’s Republic of China pharmacopoeia[M].Beijing:Chemical Industry Press,2000.
16.吴国欣,王凌晖,梁惠萍,等.氮磷钾配比施肥对降香黄檀苗木生长及生理的影响[J].浙江农林大学学报,2012,29(2):296-300.Wu G X,Wang L H,Liang H P,et al.Fertilizer treatments for growth and physiology of Dalbergia odorifera seedlings[J].Journal of Zhejiang A&F University,2012,29(2):296-300.
17.王楠,王宏信,李向林,等.施肥对降香黄檀幼苗生长和光合的影响[J].东北林业大学学报,2017,45(1):25-29.Wang N,Wang H X,Li X L,et al.Effect of fertilization on growth and photosynthesis of Dalbergia odorifera seedlings[J].Journal of Northeast Forestry University,2017,45(1):25-29.
18.赵霞,徐大平,杨曾奖,等.养分胁迫对降香黄檀幼苗生长及叶片养分状况的影响[J].生态学杂志,2017,36(6):1503-1508.Zhao X,Xu D P,Yang Z J,et al.Effects of nutrient stress on seedling growth and foliar nutrient status of Dalbergia odorifera[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2017,36(6):1503-1508.
19.陈伟,杨斌,史富强,等.配方施肥对西南桦幼林生长的影响[J].西部林业科学,2015,44(5):81-84,95.Chen W,Yang B,Shi F Q,et al.Effect of formula fertilization on sapling growth of Betula alnoides[J].Journal of West China Forestry Science,2015,44(5):81-84,95.
20.郑宝强,王雁,彭镇华,等.不同生长调节剂处理对卡特兰开花的影响[J].林业科学研究,2010,23(5):744-749.Zheng B Q,Wang Y,Peng Z H,et al.Effects of different growth regulators treatment on Cattleya flowering[J].Forest Research,2010,23(5):744-749.
21.王丽云,刘小金,徐大平,等.生长调节剂对降香黄檀营养生长与生殖生长的影响[J].华南农业大学学报,2017,38(5):86-90.Wang L Y,Liu X J,Xu D P,et al.Effects of plant growth regulators on vegetative and reproductive growth of Dalbergia odorifera[J].Journal of South China Agricultural University,2017,38(5):86-90.
22.Ahrens W H,Cox D J,Budhwar G.Use of the arcsine and square root transformations for subjectively determined percentage data[J].Weed Science,1990,38(4-5):452-458.
23.杨平,孙向阳,王海燕,等.施肥对台湾青枣营养生长的影响[J].北京林业大学学报,2007,29(6):211-214.Yang P,Sun X Y,Wang H Y,et al.Effects of fertilization on Zizyphus mauritiana Lam.growth[J].Journal of Beijing Forestry University,2007,29(6):211-214.
24.王会勤,杜红岩,杜兰英,等.施肥对果园化栽培条件下杜仲生长和结果的影响[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2010,30(6):38-42.Wang H Q,Du H Y,Du L Y,et al.Effects of fertilizing to Eucommia ulmoides Oliv plantation under orchard-like condition on their growth and fructification[J].Journal of Central South University of Forestry&Technology,2010,30(6):38-42.
25.刘福妹,姜静,刘桂丰.施肥对白桦树生长及开花结实的影响[J].西北林学院学报,2015,30(2):116-120,195.Liu F M,Jiang J,Liu G F.Effects of fertilization on the growth and flowering of Betula platyphylla[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2015,30(2):116-120,195.
26.梁李宏,梁林洲,梅新,等.氮磷钾肥配施对腰果无性系FL30增产效果的研究[J].华南热带农业大学学报,2007,13(4):6-10.Liang L H,Liang L Z,Mei X,et al.Effect of Application of NPK upon increasing production of Cashew Clone FL30[J].Journal of South China University of Tropical Agriculture,2007,13(4):6-10.
27.娄成后,张蜀秋.高等植物生长发育中同化物的转移[J].科学通报,2011,56(30):2446-2460.Lou C H,Zhang S Q.Transfer of assimilates in the growth and development of higher plants[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2011,56(30):2446-2460.
28.樊金拴,陈原国,李凯荣,等.土壤水分状况对核桃生长和发育的影响[J].林业科学,2006,42(12):39-46.Fan J S,Chen Y G,Li K R,et al.Effect of soil moisture condition on the growth and yield of Juglans regia[J].Scientia Silvae Sinicae,2006,42(12):39-46.
2.郭文冰,赵奋成,戎洁庆,等.粤西8年生加勒比松施肥效果研究[J].华南农业大学学报,2016,37(4):18-24.Guo W B,Zhao F C,Rong J Q,et al.Effects of fertilization on growth of eight-year-old Caribbean pine in West Guangdong[J].Journal of South China Agricultural University,2016,37(4):18-24.
3.葛艺早,刘文飞,吴建平,等.不同施肥处理对杉木种子园种子品质的影响[J].森林与环境学报,2016,36(4):442-448.Ge Y Z,Liu W F,Wu J P,et al.Effects of different fertilization treatments on quality of the seeds in a third generation seed orchard of Cunninghamia lanceolata[J].Journal of Forest and Environment,2016,36(4):442-448.
4.李花兰.施肥对林木生长效应的理论研究[J].山西林业科技,2012,41(1):50-52.Li H L.Theoretical research of effect of fertilization on forest growth[J].Shanxi Forestry Science and Technology,2012,41(1):50-52.
5.张建国,盛炜彤,罗红艳,等.N、P、NP营养对杉木苗木生长和光合产物分配的影响[J].林业科学,2003,39(2):21-27.Zhang J G,Sheng W T,Luo H Y,et al.Effects of N,P and NP nutrition on growth and allocation of photosynthetic products of Chinese fir seedlings[J].Scientia Silvae Sinicae,2003,39(2):21-27.
6.刘福妹,李天芳,姜静,等.白桦最佳施肥配方的筛选及其各元素的作用分析[J].北京林业大学学报,2012,34(2):57-60.Liu F M,Li T F,Jiang J,et al.Selection of the optimum fertilizer formula and the effects of nutrient elements on growth and flowering performance of Betula platyphylla[J].Journal of Beijing Forestry University,2012,34(2):57-60.
7.胡磊,李吉跃,尚富华,等.不同施肥处理对毛白杨人工林生长及营养状况的影响[J].中国农学通报,2010,26(9):115-121.Hu L,Li J Y,Shang F H,et al.Effects of different fertilization treatments on growth and nutritional status of Populus tomentosa plantation[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2010,26(9):115-121.
8.潘晓杰,侯红波,廖芳,等.配方施肥对油茶中幼林营养生长的影响[J].中南林学院学报,2003,23(2):82-84.Pan X J,Hou H B,Liao F,et al.Effect of formulate fertilization on the vegetative growth of young oil-tree forest[J].Journal of Central South Forestry University,2003,23(2):82-84.
9.刘朔,余波,何朝均,等.不同施肥处理对膏桐幼林结实的影响[J].西南林学院学报,2009,29(3):11-14.Liu S,Yu B,He C J,et al.Fertilization effect on fruiting of young Jatropha curcas plantations[J].Journal of Southwest Forestry University,2009,29(3):11-14.
10.王希刚,詹亚光,张桂琴,等.施肥对水曲柳生长及开花结实的影响[J].植物研究,2017,37(2):298-303.Wang X G,Zhan Y G,Zhang G Q,et al.Influences of fertilization on growth and fruiting of Fraxinus mandschurica[J].Bulletin of Botanical Research,2017,37(2):298-303.
11.徐大平,丘佐旺.南方主要珍贵树种栽培技术[M].广州:广东科技出版社,2013:106-120.Xu D P,Qiu Z W.Cultivation techniques of valuable tree species in South China[M].Guangzhou:Guangdong Science&Technology Press,2013:106-120.
12.Yu X L,Wang W,Yang M.Antioxidant activities of compounds isolated from Dalbergia odorifera T.Chen and their inhibition effects on the decrease of glutathione level of rat lens induced by UV irradiation[J].Food Chemistry,2007,104(2):715-720.
13.Choi C W,Choi Y H,Cha M R,et al.Antitumor components isolated from the heartwood extract of Dalbergia odorifera[J].Journal of the Korean Society for Applied Biological Chemistry,2009,52(4):375-379.
14.Wang W,Weng X C,Cheng D L.Antioxidant activities of natural phenolic components from Dalbergia odorifera T.Chen[J].Food Chemistry,2000,71(1):45-49.
15.国家药典委员会.中华人民共和国药典:2000年版一部[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2000.Chinese Pharmacopoeia Commission.People’s Republic of China pharmacopoeia[M].Beijing:Chemical Industry Press,2000.
16.吴国欣,王凌晖,梁惠萍,等.氮磷钾配比施肥对降香黄檀苗木生长及生理的影响[J].浙江农林大学学报,2012,29(2):296-300.Wu G X,Wang L H,Liang H P,et al.Fertilizer treatments for growth and physiology of Dalbergia odorifera seedlings[J].Journal of Zhejiang A&F University,2012,29(2):296-300.
17.王楠,王宏信,李向林,等.施肥对降香黄檀幼苗生长和光合的影响[J].东北林业大学学报,2017,45(1):25-29.Wang N,Wang H X,Li X L,et al.Effect of fertilization on growth and photosynthesis of Dalbergia odorifera seedlings[J].Journal of Northeast Forestry University,2017,45(1):25-29.
18.赵霞,徐大平,杨曾奖,等.养分胁迫对降香黄檀幼苗生长及叶片养分状况的影响[J].生态学杂志,2017,36(6):1503-1508.Zhao X,Xu D P,Yang Z J,et al.Effects of nutrient stress on seedling growth and foliar nutrient status of Dalbergia odorifera[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2017,36(6):1503-1508.
19.陈伟,杨斌,史富强,等.配方施肥对西南桦幼林生长的影响[J].西部林业科学,2015,44(5):81-84,95.Chen W,Yang B,Shi F Q,et al.Effect of formula fertilization on sapling growth of Betula alnoides[J].Journal of West China Forestry Science,2015,44(5):81-84,95.
20.郑宝强,王雁,彭镇华,等.不同生长调节剂处理对卡特兰开花的影响[J].林业科学研究,2010,23(5):744-749.Zheng B Q,Wang Y,Peng Z H,et al.Effects of different growth regulators treatment on Cattleya flowering[J].Forest Research,2010,23(5):744-749.
21.王丽云,刘小金,徐大平,等.生长调节剂对降香黄檀营养生长与生殖生长的影响[J].华南农业大学学报,2017,38(5):86-90.Wang L Y,Liu X J,Xu D P,et al.Effects of plant growth regulators on vegetative and reproductive growth of Dalbergia odorifera[J].Journal of South China Agricultural University,2017,38(5):86-90.
22.Ahrens W H,Cox D J,Budhwar G.Use of the arcsine and square root transformations for subjectively determined percentage data[J].Weed Science,1990,38(4-5):452-458.
23.杨平,孙向阳,王海燕,等.施肥对台湾青枣营养生长的影响[J].北京林业大学学报,2007,29(6):211-214.Yang P,Sun X Y,Wang H Y,et al.Effects of fertilization on Zizyphus mauritiana Lam.growth[J].Journal of Beijing Forestry University,2007,29(6):211-214.
24.王会勤,杜红岩,杜兰英,等.施肥对果园化栽培条件下杜仲生长和结果的影响[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2010,30(6):38-42.Wang H Q,Du H Y,Du L Y,et al.Effects of fertilizing to Eucommia ulmoides Oliv plantation under orchard-like condition on their growth and fructification[J].Journal of Central South University of Forestry&Technology,2010,30(6):38-42.
25.刘福妹,姜静,刘桂丰.施肥对白桦树生长及开花结实的影响[J].西北林学院学报,2015,30(2):116-120,195.Liu F M,Jiang J,Liu G F.Effects of fertilization on the growth and flowering of Betula platyphylla[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2015,30(2):116-120,195.
26.梁李宏,梁林洲,梅新,等.氮磷钾肥配施对腰果无性系FL30增产效果的研究[J].华南热带农业大学学报,2007,13(4):6-10.Liang L H,Liang L Z,Mei X,et al.Effect of Application of NPK upon increasing production of Cashew Clone FL30[J].Journal of South China University of Tropical Agriculture,2007,13(4):6-10.
27.娄成后,张蜀秋.高等植物生长发育中同化物的转移[J].科学通报,2011,56(30):2446-2460.Lou C H,Zhang S Q.Transfer of assimilates in the growth and development of higher plants[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2011,56(30):2446-2460.
28.樊金拴,陈原国,李凯荣,等.土壤水分状况对核桃生长和发育的影响[J].林业科学,2006,42(12):39-46.Fan J S,Chen Y G,Li K R,et al.Effect of soil moisture condition on the growth and yield of Juglans regia[J].Scientia Silvae Sinicae,2006,42(12):39-46.