风力发电机接闪系统失效风险定量评估方法研究
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摘要
雷害问题严重影响风机的正常运行,但针对风机接闪系统的失效风险,目前鲜有定量的分析和评估方法。基于先导发展物理模型,提出风机接闪系统雷击屏蔽失效率的定义和计算方法,并通过叶片雷击模拟实验验证了方法的有效性。比较分析了不同接闪系统型式叶片的雷击屏蔽失效率,并考虑了风机旋转角度和海洋盐雾附着对雷击屏蔽失效率的影响。分析表明,相比于接闪器–引下线结构型式和叶尖包覆铜网型式,采用主梁包覆铜网型式的叶片雷击屏蔽失效率最小,但综合考虑经济性和易维护性,推荐采用叶尖包覆铜网的接闪系统型式。提出的定量分析方法可为风机叶片接闪系统的优化设计和失效风险评估提供依据。
Lightning-induced damage on the wind turbines will greatly affect their normal operation. However, there are few quantitative methodologies available for risk assessment of the lightning attachment systems on wind turbines. Based on the leader development model, a quantitative method was presented to calculate the lightning shielding failure rate of the lightning attachment system on wind turbines, and the effectiveness of the proposed method was verified by physical simulation experiments. Taken into the influence of the blade orientation and sea salt fog contamination, the lightning shielding failure rates of the blades regarding different lightning attachment systems were comparatively analyzed.The results show that, the lightning shielding failure rate of the main beam-covered copper mesh blade turns to be the lowest compared to the other two types, however, from a comprehensive point of view on economical benefit and convenient maintenance, the blade tip coated with copper mesh is recommended for practical applications. The definition and assessment method proposed in this paper provides a theoretical basis for optimal design and failure risk assessment of the lightning protection system on the wind turbine blades.
Lightning-induced damage on the wind turbines will greatly affect their normal operation. However, there are few quantitative methodologies available for risk assessment of the lightning attachment systems on wind turbines. Based on the leader development model, a quantitative method was presented to calculate the lightning shielding failure rate of the lightning attachment system on wind turbines, and the effectiveness of the proposed method was verified by physical simulation experiments. Taken into the influence of the blade orientation and sea salt fog contamination, the lightning shielding failure rates of the blades regarding different lightning attachment systems were comparatively analyzed.The results show that, the lightning shielding failure rate of the main beam-covered copper mesh blade turns to be the lowest compared to the other two types, however, from a comprehensive point of view on economical benefit and convenient maintenance, the blade tip coated with copper mesh is recommended for practical applications. The definition and assessment method proposed in this paper provides a theoretical basis for optimal design and failure risk assessment of the lightning protection system on the wind turbine blades.
引文
[1]Garolera A C,Madsen S F,Nissim M,et al.Lightning damage to wind turbine blades from wind farms in the U.S.[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2016,31(3):1043-1049.
[2]Arinaga S,Tsutsumi K,Murata N,et al.Experimental study on lightning protection methods for wind turbine blades[C]//International Conference on Lightning Protection.Kanazawa,Japan:ICLP,2006:1493-1496.
[3]Garolera A C,Holboell J,Madsen S F.Lightning attachment to wind turbine surfaces affected by internal blade conditions[C]//Proceedings of 2012 International Conference on Lightning Protection(ICLP).Vienna,Austria:IEEE,2012.
[4]卢敏.MW级风电叶片用环氧树脂基复合材料耐候性研究[D].长沙:湖南工业大学,2012.Lu min.Study on weather resistance properties of epoxy resin matrix composite for MW wind turbine blade[D].Changsha:Hunan University of Technology,2012(in Chinese).
[5]Kumar V S,Vasa N J,Sarathi R,et al.Understanding the discharge activity across GFRP material due to salt deposit under transient voltages by adopting OES and LIBStechnique[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2014,21(5):2283-2292.
[6]Holboell J,Madsen S F,Henriksen M,et al.Discharge phenomena in the tip area of wind turbine blades and their dependency on material and environmental parameters[C]//International Conference on Lightning Protection(ICLP).Kanazawa,Japan:IEEE,2006:1503-1508.
[7]MontanyàJ,March V,Hermoso B,et al.High-speed videos of laboratory leaders emerging from wind turbine blade tips[C]//Proceedings of the 30th International Conference on Lightning Protection.Cagliari,Italy:IEEE,2010:1-5.
[8]Yokoyama S.Lightning protection of wind turbine blades[J].Electric Power Systems Research,2013,94:3-9.
[9]Guo Z X,Li Q M,Ma Y F,et al.The performance of lightning protection system of wind turbine blade:a preliminary experimental study[C]//10th Asia-Pacific International Conference on Lightning.Krabi,Thailand:IEEE,2017:547-552.
[10]Abd-Elhady A M,Sabiha N A,Izzularab M A.Experimental evaluation of air-termination systems for wind turbine blades[J].Electric Power Systems Research,2014,107:133-143.
[11]文习山,屈路,王羽,等.叶片转动对风机引雷能力影响的模拟试验研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(7):2151-2158.Wen Xishan,Qu Lu,Wang Yu,et al.Experimental study of the influence of the blade rotation on triggered lightning ability of wind turbine’s blades[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(7):2151-2158(in Chinese).
[12]郭子炘,李庆民,任瀚文,等.基于雷电上行先导起始物理机制的风机叶片雷击概率评估模型[J].中国电机工程学报,2018,38(2):653-662.Guo Zixin,Li Qingmin,Ren Hanwen,et al.Probabilistic risk assessment of lightning strike on wind turbine blades based on the physical mechanism of lightning upward leader inception[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2018,38(2):653-662(in Chinese).
[13]Becerra M,Cooray V.A self-consistent upward leader propagation model[J].Journal of Physics D:Applied Physics,2006,39(16):3708-3715.
[14]Becerra M,Cooray V.A simplified physical model to determine the lightning upward connecting leader inception[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2006,21(2):897-908.
[15]王国政,张黎,郭子炘,等.基于雷电物理的风机叶片动态击距与电气几何模型[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(21):6427-6436.Wang Guozheng,Zhang Li,Guo Zixin,et al.Dynamic striking distance and electrical geometry model of wind turbine blades based on lightning physics[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(21):6427-6436(in Chinese).
[16]Li Qingmin,Ma Yufei,Guo Zixin,et al.The lightning striking probability for offshore wind turbine blade with salt fog contamination[J].Journal of Applied Physics,2017,122:073301.
[17]Cooray V,Rakov V,Theethayi N.The lightning striking distance:revisited[J].Journal of Electrostatics,2007,65(5-6):296-306.
[18]Garolera A C,Holboell J,Madsen S F.Lightning attachment to wind turbine surfaces affected by internal blade conditions[C]//2012 International Conference on Lightning Protection(ICLP).Vienna,Austria:IEEE,2012.
[19]Ma Guoming,Zhou Hongyang,Li Chengrong,et al.Designing epoxy insulators in SF6-filled DC-GIL with simulations of ionic conduction and surface charging[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2015,22(6):3312-3320.
[20]IEC 60507.Artificial pollution tests on high-voltage insulators to be used on AC-Systems[S].International Electrotechnical Commission,1991.
[2]Arinaga S,Tsutsumi K,Murata N,et al.Experimental study on lightning protection methods for wind turbine blades[C]//International Conference on Lightning Protection.Kanazawa,Japan:ICLP,2006:1493-1496.
[3]Garolera A C,Holboell J,Madsen S F.Lightning attachment to wind turbine surfaces affected by internal blade conditions[C]//Proceedings of 2012 International Conference on Lightning Protection(ICLP).Vienna,Austria:IEEE,2012.
[4]卢敏.MW级风电叶片用环氧树脂基复合材料耐候性研究[D].长沙:湖南工业大学,2012.Lu min.Study on weather resistance properties of epoxy resin matrix composite for MW wind turbine blade[D].Changsha:Hunan University of Technology,2012(in Chinese).
[5]Kumar V S,Vasa N J,Sarathi R,et al.Understanding the discharge activity across GFRP material due to salt deposit under transient voltages by adopting OES and LIBStechnique[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2014,21(5):2283-2292.
[6]Holboell J,Madsen S F,Henriksen M,et al.Discharge phenomena in the tip area of wind turbine blades and their dependency on material and environmental parameters[C]//International Conference on Lightning Protection(ICLP).Kanazawa,Japan:IEEE,2006:1503-1508.
[7]MontanyàJ,March V,Hermoso B,et al.High-speed videos of laboratory leaders emerging from wind turbine blade tips[C]//Proceedings of the 30th International Conference on Lightning Protection.Cagliari,Italy:IEEE,2010:1-5.
[8]Yokoyama S.Lightning protection of wind turbine blades[J].Electric Power Systems Research,2013,94:3-9.
[9]Guo Z X,Li Q M,Ma Y F,et al.The performance of lightning protection system of wind turbine blade:a preliminary experimental study[C]//10th Asia-Pacific International Conference on Lightning.Krabi,Thailand:IEEE,2017:547-552.
[10]Abd-Elhady A M,Sabiha N A,Izzularab M A.Experimental evaluation of air-termination systems for wind turbine blades[J].Electric Power Systems Research,2014,107:133-143.
[11]文习山,屈路,王羽,等.叶片转动对风机引雷能力影响的模拟试验研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(7):2151-2158.Wen Xishan,Qu Lu,Wang Yu,et al.Experimental study of the influence of the blade rotation on triggered lightning ability of wind turbine’s blades[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(7):2151-2158(in Chinese).
[12]郭子炘,李庆民,任瀚文,等.基于雷电上行先导起始物理机制的风机叶片雷击概率评估模型[J].中国电机工程学报,2018,38(2):653-662.Guo Zixin,Li Qingmin,Ren Hanwen,et al.Probabilistic risk assessment of lightning strike on wind turbine blades based on the physical mechanism of lightning upward leader inception[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2018,38(2):653-662(in Chinese).
[13]Becerra M,Cooray V.A self-consistent upward leader propagation model[J].Journal of Physics D:Applied Physics,2006,39(16):3708-3715.
[14]Becerra M,Cooray V.A simplified physical model to determine the lightning upward connecting leader inception[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2006,21(2):897-908.
[15]王国政,张黎,郭子炘,等.基于雷电物理的风机叶片动态击距与电气几何模型[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(21):6427-6436.Wang Guozheng,Zhang Li,Guo Zixin,et al.Dynamic striking distance and electrical geometry model of wind turbine blades based on lightning physics[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(21):6427-6436(in Chinese).
[16]Li Qingmin,Ma Yufei,Guo Zixin,et al.The lightning striking probability for offshore wind turbine blade with salt fog contamination[J].Journal of Applied Physics,2017,122:073301.
[17]Cooray V,Rakov V,Theethayi N.The lightning striking distance:revisited[J].Journal of Electrostatics,2007,65(5-6):296-306.
[18]Garolera A C,Holboell J,Madsen S F.Lightning attachment to wind turbine surfaces affected by internal blade conditions[C]//2012 International Conference on Lightning Protection(ICLP).Vienna,Austria:IEEE,2012.
[19]Ma Guoming,Zhou Hongyang,Li Chengrong,et al.Designing epoxy insulators in SF6-filled DC-GIL with simulations of ionic conduction and surface charging[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2015,22(6):3312-3320.
[20]IEC 60507.Artificial pollution tests on high-voltage insulators to be used on AC-Systems[S].International Electrotechnical Commission,1991.