从吸收制冷到逆向电渗析发电——溶液浓差能应用新技术
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摘要
本文借鉴吸收式制冷和热泵工作原理,提出了一种新的利用溶液浓差变化的低品位热能直接发电技术。先通过热分离的方法将低品位热能转换成溶液的浓差(化学势)能,然后利用逆向电渗析电池来替代吸收式制冷系统内的蒸发器和吸收器,将溶液浓差能直接转换成电能。所构成的循环可称之为"热-电"转换循环,用以区别常规的"热-功"转换循环。尽管与常规的低品位热能"热-功"转换循环相比,新的"热-电"转换循环具有许多优点,但对其工作性能的研究刚开始,还有许多的研究工作需要进行。
Referring to absorption refrigeration and heat pump working principles, a new technology of power generated directly from low-grade thermal energy(LGTE) by solution concentration change is proposed in this paper. The LGTE is first converted into the solution chemical potential energy by the heat separation method, and the potential energy can be directly converted into electricity by reverse electrodialysis(RED) cells which replaces evaporator and absorber in the absorption refrigeration system. The cycle can be called the ‘heat-electricity' conversion cycle and is completely different from the conventional ‘heat-work' conversion cycle. Although the new ‘heat-electricity' conversion cycle has many advantages, the research on its operation performance is just started and there is a lot of research work to be done in the future.
Referring to absorption refrigeration and heat pump working principles, a new technology of power generated directly from low-grade thermal energy(LGTE) by solution concentration change is proposed in this paper. The LGTE is first converted into the solution chemical potential energy by the heat separation method, and the potential energy can be directly converted into electricity by reverse electrodialysis(RED) cells which replaces evaporator and absorber in the absorption refrigeration system. The cycle can be called the ‘heat-electricity' conversion cycle and is completely different from the conventional ‘heat-work' conversion cycle. Although the new ‘heat-electricity' conversion cycle has many advantages, the research on its operation performance is just started and there is a lot of research work to be done in the future.
引文
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[2]王寿川,刘亚强,张楷,等.我国地热的开发现状和前景探讨[J].制冷技术,2015,35(2):68-72.
[3]隋军,刘锋,郭培军,等.低品位余热回收的立式降膜吸收式热变换器研究[J].制冷技术,2015,35(2):8-12.
[4]王华,王辉涛.低温余热发电有机朗肯循环技术[M].北京:科学出版社,2010.
[5]HUNG T C,WANG S K,KUO C H.A study of organic working fluids on system efficiency of an ORC using low-grade energy sources[J].Energy,2010,35(3):1403-1411.
[6]CHEN H,GOSWAMI D Y,STEFANAKOS E K.A review of thermodynamic cycles and working fluids for the conversion of low-grade heat[J].Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,2010,14(9):3059-3067.
[7]KALINA A I.Combined cycle system with novel bottoming cycle[J].ASME Journal of Engineer for Gas Turbines and Power,1984,106(4):737-742.
[8]ALLAN J,ORGAN T.Thermodynamics and gas dynamics of the Stirling cycle machine[M].New York:Cambridge University Press Publishing,1992:9-90.
[9]肖学智,周晓芳,徐浩阳,等.低GWP制冷剂研究现状综述[J].制冷技术,2014,34(6):37-42.
[10]朱正良,张华.太阳能有机朗肯循环系统性能测试实验台设计搭建[J].制冷技术,2016,36(2):60-65.
[11]WEI D,LU X,LU Z,et al.Dynamic modeling and simulation of an Organic Rankine Cycle(ORC)system for waste heat recovery[J].Applied Thermal Engineering,2008,28(10):1216-1224.
[12]徐士鸣,吴曦,吴德兵.一种新型低品位热能发电方法及装置:CN201510694726.4[P].2016-01-20.
[13]徐士鸣.蓄能技术新概念——制冷/制热潜能储存技术[J].电力需求侧管理,2003,5(1):43-48.
[14]JIA Z,WANG B,SONG S,et al.Current technologies for sustainable power generation from water salinity gradient[J].Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,2014,31(1):91-100.
[15]吴曦,徐士鸣,吴德兵,等.逆电渗析法热-电转换系统循环工质匹配准则[J].化工学报,2016,67(S2):326-332.
[16]PATTLE R E.Production of electric power by mixing fresh and salt water in the hydroelectric pile[J].Nature,1954,174(4431):660.
[17]VERMAAS D A,VEERMAN J,YIP N Y,et al.High efficiency in energy generation from salinity gradients with reverse electrodialysis[J].ACS Sustainable Chemical Engineering,2013,1(10):1295-1302.
[18]POST J,HAMELERS H M,BUISMAN C N.Energy recovery from controlled mixing salt and fresh water with a reverse electrodialysis system[J].Environmental Science and Technology,2008,42(15):5785-5790.
[19]VERMAAS D A,SAAKES M,NIJMEIJER K.Power generation using profiled membranes in reverse electrodialysis[J].Journal of Membrane Science,2011,(385/386):234-242.
[20]CARATI A,MARINO M,BROGIOLI D.Thermodynamic study of a distiller-electrochemical cell system for energy 407 production from low temperature heat sources[J].Energy,2015,93:984-993.