职业体制视角的低收入人士社会帮扶研究——基于浙江省公众2015年电话访谈数据的分析
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摘要
本文从2015年关于浙江省低收入人士社会帮扶的电话访谈中发现,公众充分肯定近年的社会帮扶成效,尤其是老年人和低学历者等弱势群体评价更高。但是不论从基本社会需要保障的内容还是从帮扶成效上来看,体制外公众的评价明显低于体制内公众。政府和非政府组织未能突破低收入群体社会关系同质性的屏障,对体制外低收入人士的帮扶作用低于体制内人员。要想改进低收入人士尤其是体制外低收入人士的帮扶成效,必须扩大制度对体制外公众的包容性,在政府主导的同时统筹发挥不同社会主体的独特功能,强化服务形式的社会救助的发展。
Based on the analysis of telephone interview about the social assistance of low income population in Zhejiang in 2015,it was found that the public fully affirmed the effectiveness of social assistance in recent years,especially for vulnerable groups such as the elderly and the low educational background. However,the evaluation both on the content of the basic social needs and the effectiveness of social assistance of the population outside the institution is lower than that of the population within the institution. Moreover,social relations of low-income populations have obvious homogeneity. The government and non-government organizations have failed to break through the institution's barriers,and their contribution of social assistance to low-income populations outside the institution is lower than that of populations inside the institution. In order to improve the effectiveness of social assistance for low-income population,especially for those outside the institution,it is necessary to expand the institutional inclusion of populations outside of the institution,coordinate the unique functions of various social institutions with the leading role of the government,and promote the social assistance in the form of services.
Based on the analysis of telephone interview about the social assistance of low income population in Zhejiang in 2015,it was found that the public fully affirmed the effectiveness of social assistance in recent years,especially for vulnerable groups such as the elderly and the low educational background. However,the evaluation both on the content of the basic social needs and the effectiveness of social assistance of the population outside the institution is lower than that of the population within the institution. Moreover,social relations of low-income populations have obvious homogeneity. The government and non-government organizations have failed to break through the institution's barriers,and their contribution of social assistance to low-income populations outside the institution is lower than that of populations inside the institution. In order to improve the effectiveness of social assistance for low-income population,especially for those outside the institution,it is necessary to expand the institutional inclusion of populations outside of the institution,coordinate the unique functions of various social institutions with the leading role of the government,and promote the social assistance in the form of services.
引文
[1]陆学艺:《当代中国社会阶层研究报告》,3~60页,北京,社会科学文献出版社,2002。
[2]黄颂:《当代西方社会分层理论的基本特征述评》,载《教学与研究》,2002(8)。
[3]Williams,M."Occupational Stratification in Contemporary Britain:Occupational Class and the Wage Structure in the Wake of the Great Recession",Sociology,51(6),2017.
[4]Lambert,P.&Bihagen,E."Using Occupation-based Social Classifications",Work,Employment and Society,28(3),2014.
[5]路风:《单位:一种特殊的社会组织形式》,载《中国社会科学》,1989(1)。
[6]胡伟、李汉林:《单位作为一种制度——关于单位研究的一种视角》,载《江苏社会科学》,2003(6)。
[7]李汉林、李路路:《资源与交换——中国单位组织中的依赖性结构》,载《社会学研究》,1999(4)。
[8]李路路、李汉林:《单位组织中的资源获得》,载《中国社会科学》,1999(6)。
[9]徐波霞、李启桐:《体制内与体制外——基于中国特色社会主义体制改革的思考》,载《时代金融》,2015(12)中旬刊。
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[14]陆学艺:《当代中国社会流动》,73~97页,北京,社会科学文献出版社,2004。
[15]唐启明:《量化数据分析:通过社会研究检验想法》,235~236页,北京,社会科学文献出版社,2012。
[16]方巍:《浙江公众基本社会保障评价及社会援助选择调查研究》,载《中共浙江省委党校学报》,2016(1)。
[17][19]方巍:《公共服务均等化背景下的基本社会保障与福利治理——基于2014—2016年浙江省公众电话访谈的研究》,载《浙江工商大学学报》,2017(5)。
[18]方巍:《传统养老文化视野下的养老服务选择与评价——基于2015—2016年浙江公众电话访谈的研究》,载《浙江工业大学学报(社会科学版)》,2017(4)。
[20]Gilbert,N.&Terrell,P.Dimensions of Social Welfare Policy,Boston:Pearson Education,2012,pp65-68.
[21][22]方巍:《非政府组织的志愿性与专业性抉择——杭州市儿童自闭症康复机构的个案研究》,载《社会科学》,2018(3)。
[2]黄颂:《当代西方社会分层理论的基本特征述评》,载《教学与研究》,2002(8)。
[3]Williams,M."Occupational Stratification in Contemporary Britain:Occupational Class and the Wage Structure in the Wake of the Great Recession",Sociology,51(6),2017.
[4]Lambert,P.&Bihagen,E."Using Occupation-based Social Classifications",Work,Employment and Society,28(3),2014.
[5]路风:《单位:一种特殊的社会组织形式》,载《中国社会科学》,1989(1)。
[6]胡伟、李汉林:《单位作为一种制度——关于单位研究的一种视角》,载《江苏社会科学》,2003(6)。
[7]李汉林、李路路:《资源与交换——中国单位组织中的依赖性结构》,载《社会学研究》,1999(4)。
[8]李路路、李汉林:《单位组织中的资源获得》,载《中国社会科学》,1999(6)。
[9]徐波霞、李启桐:《体制内与体制外——基于中国特色社会主义体制改革的思考》,载《时代金融》,2015(12)中旬刊。
[10]Selden,M.&You,L."The Reform of Social Welfare in China",World Development,25(10),1997.
[11]Titmuss,R.M."The Role of Redistribution in Social Policy",Social Security Bulletin,1965,39.
[12]朱光磊等:《当代中国社会各阶层分析》,1~48页,天津,天津人民出版社,1998。
[13]方巍:《中国社会福利的新发展主义走向》,载《社会科学》,2011(1)。
[14]陆学艺:《当代中国社会流动》,73~97页,北京,社会科学文献出版社,2004。
[15]唐启明:《量化数据分析:通过社会研究检验想法》,235~236页,北京,社会科学文献出版社,2012。
[16]方巍:《浙江公众基本社会保障评价及社会援助选择调查研究》,载《中共浙江省委党校学报》,2016(1)。
[17][19]方巍:《公共服务均等化背景下的基本社会保障与福利治理——基于2014—2016年浙江省公众电话访谈的研究》,载《浙江工商大学学报》,2017(5)。
[18]方巍:《传统养老文化视野下的养老服务选择与评价——基于2015—2016年浙江公众电话访谈的研究》,载《浙江工业大学学报(社会科学版)》,2017(4)。
[20]Gilbert,N.&Terrell,P.Dimensions of Social Welfare Policy,Boston:Pearson Education,2012,pp65-68.
[21][22]方巍:《非政府组织的志愿性与专业性抉择——杭州市儿童自闭症康复机构的个案研究》,载《社会科学》,2018(3)。