温水浸种对蒙古黄芪种子萌发特性的影响
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摘要
研究温水浸种破除蒙古黄芪(Astragalus membranaceus Bge.var.mongholicus(Bge.)Hsiao)种子休眠的适宜条件,采用恒温和变温2种浸种方式,测定蒙古黄芪种子在不同时间、不同温度梯度条件下的发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数。结果表明,温水浸种破除蒙古黄芪种子休眠的效果显著,变温浸种效果略优于恒温浸种。不同温度破除休眠效果排序依次为60℃>70℃>80℃,其中60℃变温浸种2 min和5 min的发芽率分别为对照的2.87倍和2.31倍。浸种时间、浸种温度均可显著影响蒙古黄芪种子萌发,与对照相比,随着浸种时间增加,发芽率总体呈现出先急速升高后逐渐降低的趋势;发芽指数与浸种温度极显著正相关;浸种温度与发芽势和发芽指数均显著正相关。本研究结果表明温水浸种可以提高种子发芽率,保持种子活力。
The seeds of Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus were treated at constant and variable temperatures for different durations. The seed germination rate, germination potential,and germination index were determined,and the optimal warm water method to break seed dormancy was explored. Results showed that(1) seed dormancy was counteracted by soaking seeds with warm water, with variable temperatures better than constant temperatures.(2) The order of treatment was 60℃ > 70℃ > 80℃, and the germination rates were 2. 87 and 2. 31 times that of the control at 60℃ for 2 min and 5 min,respectively(P < 0. 01).(3) Treatment duration and soaking temperatures significantly affected seed germination. Compared with the control,the germination rate increased with soaking time at first,but decreased afterwards. There was a significant positive correlation between germination index and soaking temperature(P < 0. 01),with a correlation coefficientof-0. 226,as well as between soaking temperature and germination potential and germination index,indicating that soaking seeds in warm water improved germination without damaging seed viability.
The seeds of Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus were treated at constant and variable temperatures for different durations. The seed germination rate, germination potential,and germination index were determined,and the optimal warm water method to break seed dormancy was explored. Results showed that(1) seed dormancy was counteracted by soaking seeds with warm water, with variable temperatures better than constant temperatures.(2) The order of treatment was 60℃ > 70℃ > 80℃, and the germination rates were 2. 87 and 2. 31 times that of the control at 60℃ for 2 min and 5 min,respectively(P < 0. 01).(3) Treatment duration and soaking temperatures significantly affected seed germination. Compared with the control,the germination rate increased with soaking time at first,but decreased afterwards. There was a significant positive correlation between germination index and soaking temperature(P < 0. 01),with a correlation coefficientof-0. 226,as well as between soaking temperature and germination potential and germination index,indicating that soaking seeds in warm water improved germination without damaging seed viability.
引文
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[10]王进,罗光宏,颜霞,陈叶,白生文.荒漠植物苦豆子和苦马豆种子硬实特性与活力关系研究[J].中国沙漠,2011,30(4):974-980.Wang J,Luo HG,Yan X,Chen Y,Bai SW.Relationship between seed hardness and seed vigor of desert plant Sophoea alopecuroides and Swainsonia salaula[J].Journal of Desert Research,2011,31(4):974-980.
[11]Ensiye A,Mostafa N,Shahram T.Breaking seed dormancy of Linum album,a medicinal plant of the Iran[J].Intl J Agri Crop Sci,2013,5(14):1495-1499.
[12]Thaysi VS,Caroline HV,Marisa S,Maria TSP.Water absorption and dormancy-breaking requirements of physically dormant seeds of Schizolobium parahyba(Fabaceae-Caesalpinioideae)[J].Seed Sci Res,2012(22):169
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[14]Gama-Arachchige NS,Baskin JM,Geneve RL,Baskin CC.Acquisition of physical dormancy and ontogeny of the micropyle-water-gap complex in developing seeds of Geranium carolinianum(Geraniaceae)[J].Ann Bot,2011,108:51-64.
[15]Beikmohammadi A,Tehranifar A,Hemati N,Shoor M.Study of dormancy type and effect of different pre-sowing treatments on seed germination of Bladder-Senna(Colutea bohsei Boiss.)in laboratory conditions[J].Not Sci Biol,2012,4(2):112-115.
[16]李康,李丹青,张佳平,夏宜平.鸢尾属植物种子休眠研究进展[J].植物科学学报,2016,34(4):662-668.Li K,Li DQ,Zhang JP,Xia YP.Review on seed dormancy in Iris[J].Plant Science Journal,2016,34(4):662-668.
[17]Amirreza T,Ali S,Majid S.Seed germination of medicinal plant,fennel(Foeniculum vulgare Mill),as affected by different priming techniques[J].Appl Biochem Biotech,2016,180(1):26-40.
[18]胡小文,武艳培,王彦荣,余进德,张宝林.豆科种子休眠破除方法初探[J].西北植物学报,2009,29(3):568-573.Hu XW,Wu YP,Wang YR,Yu JD,Zhang BL.Primary study of release method for Legume seed dormancy[J].Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica,2009,29(3):568-573.
[19]杜小芳,韩路,王海珍.塔里木荒漠豆科植物种子休眠原因与破除方法研究[J].种子,2016,35(5):36-40.Du XF,Han L,Wang HZ.Dormancy mechanism and breaking methods of three desert legume plant seed[J].Seed,2016,35(5):36-40.
[20]马尧,庄云,李永海.不同处理和播种方式对黄芪种子发芽率的影响[J].种子,2007,26(9):58-59.Ma Y,Zhuang Y,Li YH.Influence of different treatments and sowing pattern on germination percentage of Astragalus membranaceus seeds[J].Seed,2007,26(9):58-59.
[21]常彦莉,陈垣,郭凤霞,林玉红,黎天.甘肃贝母种子吸水及发芽特性研究[J].草业学报,2010,19(4):41-46.Chang YL,Chen Y,Guo FX,Lin YH,Li T.A study on soaking and germination characteristics of Fritillaria przewalskii seeds[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2010,19(4):41-46.
[22]Wang YR,Hanson J.An improved method for breaking dormancy in seeds of Sesbania sesban[J].Expl Agric,2008,44:185-195.
[23]Benjamin T,Elias S,Sotirios VA,Akram R.Temperature and water potential effects on Carthamus tinctorius L.seed germination:measurements and modeling using hydrothermal and multiplicative approaches[J].Braz J Bot,2016,39(2):427-436
[24]陈翔,孙云波,陈垣,王涛,白德涛.浸种温度对红芪(Hedysarum polybotrys)种子发芽的影响[J].中国沙漠,2015,35(3):632-638.Cheng X,Sun YB,Chen Y,Wang T,Bai DT.Effects of soaking temperature on seed germination characteristics of Hedysarum polybotrys[J].Journal of Desert Research,2015,35(3):632-638.
[25]陈艺齐,段曰汤,张德,刘海刚,袁理春.不同温度处理对黄芪种子发芽率的影响[J].种子,2010,29(9):77-78.Chen YQ,Duan YT,Zhang D,Liu HG.Effect of different temperature treatment on germination rate of Astragalus mongholicus seeds[J].Seed,2010,29(9):77-78.
[26]刘自刚,沈冰,张雁.桔梗种子萌发对低温、干旱及互作胁迫的响应[J].生态学报,2013,33(8):2615-2622.Liu ZG,Shen B,Zhang Y.Morphological responses to temperature,drought stress and their interaction during seed germination of Platycodon grandiflorum[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2013,33(8):2615-2622.
[27]王彦荣,曾彦军.浸种对提高兰引Ⅲ号结缕草种子发芽的影响[J].草业学报,1997,6(2):41-46.Wang YR,Zeng YJ.Effects of seed soaking on germination of Zoysia japonicacv Lanyin No.Ⅲ[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica,1997,6(2):41-46.
[28]Oakes AJ.Scarification and germination of seeds of Leucaena leucocephala(Lam.)de Wit[J].Trop Agric,1984,61:125-132.
[29]Auld TD,O’Connell MA.Predicting patterns of post-fire germination in 35 eastern Australian Fabaceae[J].Austral Ecol,1991,16(1):53-70.
[30]布海丽且姆·阿卜杜热合曼,刘会良,张道远,管开云.不同温度、水热条件对3种植物种子物理休眠解除的影响[J].干旱区研究,2016,33(3):525-533.Buhailiqiemu Abudureheman,Liu HL,Zhang DY,Guan KY.Effects of different temperature and water-heat conditions on the physical dormancy release of three desert legume species[J].Arid Zone Research,2016,33(3):525-533.
[31]Li CX,Liao MA,Wei ZQ,Shen W,Ren YJ.Effects of different water temperatures on seeds germination of Clematis lasiandra Maxim[J].Medical Plant,2012,3(1):29-34.
[2]赵明,段金廒,黄文哲,周荣汉.中国黄芪属药用植物资源现状及分析[J].中国野生植物资源,2000,19(6):5-9.Zhao M,Duan JA,Huang WZ,Zhou RH.Status and analysis of Astragalus Linn.resource in China[J].Chinese Wild Plant Resources,2000,19(6):5-9.
[3]Mozhgan ST,Alireza K,Mehdi NM.Seed germination and breaking of seed dormancy techniques for endemic Hymenocrater platystegius Rech.f.of Khorasan Razavi province.Iran[J].Int J Agri Crop Sci,2013,6(12):885-889.
[4]Mehar-un-Nisa N,Mohammad IK,Vajanti MP,Aisha N.Effect of different methods of breaking seed dormancy in sunflower(Helianthus annuus L.)[J].Science,2012,24(4):471-474.
[5]胡小文,武艳培,王彦荣.豆科植物种子物理性休眠解除机制的研究进展[J].西北植物学报,2009,29(2):420-427.Hu XW,Wu YP,Wang YR.Progress of physical dormancy release of Legume species[J].Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica,2009,29(2):420-427.
[6]常晖.蒙古黄芪种子生物学特性及幼苗生长发育动态研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2015:3-7.
[7]Gangadhar TA,Shraddha UN,Gireesh MA,Harsha VH,Laxminarayan H.Comparative study on effects of vrikshayurveda and modern techniques on germination of Bakuchi(Psoralea corylifolia L.)seeds[J].Natl Acad Sci Lett,2016,39(4):241-244.
[8]秦雪梅,李震宇,孙海峰,张丽增,周然,冯前进,李安平.我国黄芪药材资源现状与分析[J].中国中药杂志,2013,38(19):3234-3238.Qin XM,Li ZY,Sun HF,Zhang LZ,Zhou R,Feng QJ,Li AP.Status and analysis of Astragali Radix resource in China[J].China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica,2013,38(19):3234-3238.
[9]米永伟,蔡子平,武伟国,王国祥,王宏霞,彭云霞,龚成文,魏莉霞.播种量和方式对甘肃渭源蒙古黄芪育苗质量和产量的影响[J].草业学报,2016,25(7):196-202.Mi YW,Cai ZP,Wu WG,Wang GX,Wang HX,Peng YX,Gong CW,Wei LX.Effect of sowing quantity and method on seedling quality and yield of Astragalus membranaceus var.mongholicus in Weiyuan,Gansu Province,China[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2016,25(7):196-202.
[10]王进,罗光宏,颜霞,陈叶,白生文.荒漠植物苦豆子和苦马豆种子硬实特性与活力关系研究[J].中国沙漠,2011,30(4):974-980.Wang J,Luo HG,Yan X,Chen Y,Bai SW.Relationship between seed hardness and seed vigor of desert plant Sophoea alopecuroides and Swainsonia salaula[J].Journal of Desert Research,2011,31(4):974-980.
[11]Ensiye A,Mostafa N,Shahram T.Breaking seed dormancy of Linum album,a medicinal plant of the Iran[J].Intl J Agri Crop Sci,2013,5(14):1495-1499.
[12]Thaysi VS,Caroline HV,Marisa S,Maria TSP.Water absorption and dormancy-breaking requirements of physically dormant seeds of Schizolobium parahyba(Fabaceae-Caesalpinioideae)[J].Seed Sci Res,2012(22):169
[13]William E.F,Steven F.To germinate or not to germinate a question of dormancy relief not germination stimulation[J].Seed Sci Res,2012(22):243-248.
[14]Gama-Arachchige NS,Baskin JM,Geneve RL,Baskin CC.Acquisition of physical dormancy and ontogeny of the micropyle-water-gap complex in developing seeds of Geranium carolinianum(Geraniaceae)[J].Ann Bot,2011,108:51-64.
[15]Beikmohammadi A,Tehranifar A,Hemati N,Shoor M.Study of dormancy type and effect of different pre-sowing treatments on seed germination of Bladder-Senna(Colutea bohsei Boiss.)in laboratory conditions[J].Not Sci Biol,2012,4(2):112-115.
[16]李康,李丹青,张佳平,夏宜平.鸢尾属植物种子休眠研究进展[J].植物科学学报,2016,34(4):662-668.Li K,Li DQ,Zhang JP,Xia YP.Review on seed dormancy in Iris[J].Plant Science Journal,2016,34(4):662-668.
[17]Amirreza T,Ali S,Majid S.Seed germination of medicinal plant,fennel(Foeniculum vulgare Mill),as affected by different priming techniques[J].Appl Biochem Biotech,2016,180(1):26-40.
[18]胡小文,武艳培,王彦荣,余进德,张宝林.豆科种子休眠破除方法初探[J].西北植物学报,2009,29(3):568-573.Hu XW,Wu YP,Wang YR,Yu JD,Zhang BL.Primary study of release method for Legume seed dormancy[J].Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica,2009,29(3):568-573.
[19]杜小芳,韩路,王海珍.塔里木荒漠豆科植物种子休眠原因与破除方法研究[J].种子,2016,35(5):36-40.Du XF,Han L,Wang HZ.Dormancy mechanism and breaking methods of three desert legume plant seed[J].Seed,2016,35(5):36-40.
[20]马尧,庄云,李永海.不同处理和播种方式对黄芪种子发芽率的影响[J].种子,2007,26(9):58-59.Ma Y,Zhuang Y,Li YH.Influence of different treatments and sowing pattern on germination percentage of Astragalus membranaceus seeds[J].Seed,2007,26(9):58-59.
[21]常彦莉,陈垣,郭凤霞,林玉红,黎天.甘肃贝母种子吸水及发芽特性研究[J].草业学报,2010,19(4):41-46.Chang YL,Chen Y,Guo FX,Lin YH,Li T.A study on soaking and germination characteristics of Fritillaria przewalskii seeds[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2010,19(4):41-46.
[22]Wang YR,Hanson J.An improved method for breaking dormancy in seeds of Sesbania sesban[J].Expl Agric,2008,44:185-195.
[23]Benjamin T,Elias S,Sotirios VA,Akram R.Temperature and water potential effects on Carthamus tinctorius L.seed germination:measurements and modeling using hydrothermal and multiplicative approaches[J].Braz J Bot,2016,39(2):427-436
[24]陈翔,孙云波,陈垣,王涛,白德涛.浸种温度对红芪(Hedysarum polybotrys)种子发芽的影响[J].中国沙漠,2015,35(3):632-638.Cheng X,Sun YB,Chen Y,Wang T,Bai DT.Effects of soaking temperature on seed germination characteristics of Hedysarum polybotrys[J].Journal of Desert Research,2015,35(3):632-638.
[25]陈艺齐,段曰汤,张德,刘海刚,袁理春.不同温度处理对黄芪种子发芽率的影响[J].种子,2010,29(9):77-78.Chen YQ,Duan YT,Zhang D,Liu HG.Effect of different temperature treatment on germination rate of Astragalus mongholicus seeds[J].Seed,2010,29(9):77-78.
[26]刘自刚,沈冰,张雁.桔梗种子萌发对低温、干旱及互作胁迫的响应[J].生态学报,2013,33(8):2615-2622.Liu ZG,Shen B,Zhang Y.Morphological responses to temperature,drought stress and their interaction during seed germination of Platycodon grandiflorum[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2013,33(8):2615-2622.
[27]王彦荣,曾彦军.浸种对提高兰引Ⅲ号结缕草种子发芽的影响[J].草业学报,1997,6(2):41-46.Wang YR,Zeng YJ.Effects of seed soaking on germination of Zoysia japonicacv Lanyin No.Ⅲ[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica,1997,6(2):41-46.
[28]Oakes AJ.Scarification and germination of seeds of Leucaena leucocephala(Lam.)de Wit[J].Trop Agric,1984,61:125-132.
[29]Auld TD,O’Connell MA.Predicting patterns of post-fire germination in 35 eastern Australian Fabaceae[J].Austral Ecol,1991,16(1):53-70.
[30]布海丽且姆·阿卜杜热合曼,刘会良,张道远,管开云.不同温度、水热条件对3种植物种子物理休眠解除的影响[J].干旱区研究,2016,33(3):525-533.Buhailiqiemu Abudureheman,Liu HL,Zhang DY,Guan KY.Effects of different temperature and water-heat conditions on the physical dormancy release of three desert legume species[J].Arid Zone Research,2016,33(3):525-533.
[31]Li CX,Liao MA,Wei ZQ,Shen W,Ren YJ.Effects of different water temperatures on seeds germination of Clematis lasiandra Maxim[J].Medical Plant,2012,3(1):29-34.